ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT05890365Updated Jun 11, 2026

Increased Risk of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Low Birth Weight Individuals

An observational study in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Low Birth Weight, sponsored by Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen. Recruiting at 1 site in Denmark. Open to participants aged 34 Years to 49 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-11.

Sponsored by Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Jun 2026, 5 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
  • Started Dec 2023; still recruiting 2 years 10 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Case-control
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
300
Ages
34 Years to 49 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The investigators recently demonstrated a increase in liver fat in early middle-aged LBW compared to normal birth weight (NBW) men, and 20% of the LBW - but none of the normal birth weight (NBW) - men had previously unknown non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here the investigators will further examine the Increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in low birth weight individuals by performing a validation study.

Read the detailed description

An adverse fetal environment characterized by low birth weight (LBW) plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The investigators recently demonstrated a 3-fold increase in liver fat in 26 early middle-aged LBW compared to 22 normal birth weight (NBW) men, and 20% of the LBW - but none of the normal birth weight (NBW) - men had previously unknown non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The investigators hypothesize that ectopic fat deposition and NAFLD is among the earliest disease manifestations and on the critical path to the development of more severe cardiometabolic disease in LBW. Here we aim to perform an extended nested case-control screening study to evaluate hepatic steatosis (NAFLD) and fibrosis in early middle-aged, non-obese LBW men and women and NBW controls. In total, 250 LBW men and women (birth weight (BW) \<10% of the population) and 50 NBW controls (BW between 50-90% of the population) born at term (weeks 39-41), 34-49 years-of-age will be recruited from the National Danish Birth Registry for the nested case-control NAFLD screening study. The nested case-control NAFLD screening study will serve as a recruitment platform for a subsequent intervention study.

02

Conditions studied

  • Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  • Low Birth Weight

Keywords

  • Metabolic disease
  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Liver fat
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
03

In context

Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

1,617 studies on the registry are indexed under Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; 324 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 300 is above the median of 153 across 390 observational studies indexed under Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Browse Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease studies →

Lead sponsor

Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen is the lead sponsor of 113 studies on the registry; 22 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
34 Years to 49 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Healthy men and women aged between 34-49 years born with a low (cases) and normal (controls) birth weight. All individuals have to be born at term in either the Copenhagen or Aarhus area.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • 250 healthy, men and women born with a low birth weight (birth weight (BW) \<10% of the population) and 50 born with a normal birth weight controls (BW between 50-90% of the population)
  • born at term (weeks 39-41)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • >35 kg/m2
  • Disease/medication known to affect primary outcome
  • Self-reported high physical activity level
  • Alcohol intake above general recommendations.
  • Metabolic/liver disease
  • Weight gain/loss of >3 kg within the past 6 months
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

05

Study design

Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
300 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No
Biospecimen retention
Samples with dna
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Liver fat content

    Liver elastography (FibroScan) and validation by MRS

    Time frame: 0 minutes

Secondary outcomes

  1. Liver fibrosis

    Liver elastography, validation by MR and liver histology

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  2. Body composition

    DEXA

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  3. Fasting glucose

    mmol/l

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  4. Fasting insulin/C-peptide

    pmol/l

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  5. Fasting lipids

    mmol/l

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  6. Fasting liver enzymes

    U/L

    Time frame: 0 minutes

Other outcomes

  1. Transcriptomics in SAT and ex vivo cultured preadipocytes

    RNAseq

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  2. Epigenetics of SAT and ex vivo cultured preadipocytes

    Genome-wide DNA methylation

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  3. Functional characterization of lipid accumulation

    Metabolism of ex vivo differentiated preadipocytes

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  4. Functional characterization of lipolysis

    Metabolism of ex vivo differentiated preadipocytes

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  5. Functional characterization of glycolysis

    Metabolism of ex vivo differentiated preadipocytes

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  6. Functional characterization of respiration

    Metabolism of ex vivo differentiated preadipocytes

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  7. Adipocyte size

    Histology in SAT

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  8. Adipocyte collagen content

    Histology in SAT

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  9. Immunohistochemical markers of fibrosis

    Histology in SAT

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  10. Immunohistochemical markers of senescence

    Histology in SAT

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  11. Immunohistochemical markers of inflammation

    Histology in SAT

    Time frame: 0 minutes

  12. Adipokine secretion of differentiating preadipocytes

    Targeted adipokine analysis using immunoassay-based panels

    Time frame: 0 minutes

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Started Dec 2023 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jun 2026, 30 months after the start.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 2, 2023
First posted
Jun 6, 2023
StartActual
Dec 14, 2023
Primary completionEst.
Jun 2026
CompletionEst.
Dec 2026
Last update
Jun 11, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 11, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05890365
Responsible party
Charlotte Brøns (Principal investigator, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 6, 2023
Start date
Dec 14, 2023
Primary completion
Jun 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 11, 2026

Study contacts

Charlotte Brøns, PhD
Contact
charlotte.broens.01@regionh.dk
+4526129093
Allan Vaag, MD, PhD
study director · Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen
Charlotte Brøns, PhD
principal investigator · Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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