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RecruitingNCT05739747Updated Jul 25, 2023

Validation of the Gendolcat Score for the Prognosis of Chronic Postoperative Pain in Cesarean Section

An observational study in Chronic Post Surgical Pain, Cesarean Section Complications and Chronic Pain, sponsored by Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa. Recruiting at 1 site in Spain. Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-07-25.

Sponsored by Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Feb 2024, 2 years 8 months ago, but the record still lists the study as recruiting.
  • Started Apr 2023; still recruiting 3 years 6 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
371
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

Chronic post-surgical pain is a problem that has historically been underestimated. Over the last few years there has been a search for strategies to both predict and prevent its occurrence in patients undergoing surgery. The Gendolcat index is the only predictive model that uses only objective pre-surgical variables to assess the risk of suffering chronic post-surgical pain. However, it is only validated for the following surgeries: thoracotomy, hysterectomy and open inguinal hernia. Our aim is to test whether the Gendolcat model is also valid for cesarean section.

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Conditions studied

  • Chronic Post Surgical Pain
  • Cesarean Section Complications
  • Chronic Pain
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In context

Pain, Postoperative

5,093 studies on the registry are indexed under Pain, Postoperative; 1,140 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 371 is above the median of 102 across 608 observational studies indexed under Pain, Postoperative.

Browse Pain, Postoperative studies →

Lead sponsor

Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa is the lead sponsor of 41 studies on the registry; 15 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Patients undergoing elective cesarean section.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patients who underwent elective caesarean section.
  • Patients who have previously signed the informed consent form.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria

  • Urgent cesarean section.
  • Patients with severe psychiatric pathology.
  • Patients who require a different surgical approach than usual.
  • Patients who refuse to take part in the study and/or to sign the informed consent form.

informed consent.

  • Patients with a high language barrier.
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
371 participants (estimated)
Target follow-up
3 Months
Patient registry
Yes

Groups and cohorts

  • Women undergoing cesarean section

    This study is designed with a single cohort of women who will undergo a scheduled cesarean section

    Other: Questionnaire · Other: Questionnaire via telephone call · Other: Physical examination

Interventions

  • OtherQuestionnaire

    All patients should complete the following questionnaires: On the day of surgery: * Patient registration. * Complete medical history. * Gendolcat scale (including the Spanish version of the SF-12 scale). * Spanish version of the catastrophizing scale.

  • OtherQuestionnaire

    The investigators should complete a questionnaire during the surgical procedure specifying the anesthetic technique used, drugs and doses used and record any incident during the surgical procedure

  • OtherQuestionnaire

    The investigators should complete a questionnaire 24 hours after surgery to assess the possible presence of postoperative pain as well as the intensity and need for rescue analgesia.

  • OtherQuestionnaire via telephone call

    At 3 months, patients will be called and a structured questionnaire will be completed to assess the presence of chronic postoperative pain.

  • OtherPhysical examination

    Those women who, after the telephone call, are considered to have chronic post-surgical pain will undergo a physical examination to confirm it. The type of pain and its intensity will also be evaluated. The impact on their daily physical activity and quality of life will be evaluated by means of a questionnaire.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Gendolcat score

    The Gendolcat score assesses the likelihood of suffering chronic post-surgical pain

    Time frame: The Gendolcat score will be assessed on the day patients are included in the study

  2. Categoric Pain Scale

    These pain scales give people a simple way to rate their pain intensity using a verbal or visual descriptor of their pain.

    Time frame: Done during physical examination will be performed 3 months after cesarean section.

  3. Numeric Pain Scale

    Patients are asked to circle the number between 0 and 10, 0 and 20 or 0 and 100 that fits best to their pain intensity

    Time frame: Done during physical examination will be performed 3 months after cesarean section.

  4. Short Edition of the Brief Pain Inventory

    Rapidly assesses the severity of pain and its impact on functioning

    Time frame: Done during physical examination will be performed 3 months after cesarean section.

  5. DN4 Questionnaire

    To estimate the probability of neuropathic pain

    Time frame: Done during physical examination will be performed 3 months after cesarean section.

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol
    Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
    Recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Schug SA, Lavand'homme P, Barke A, Korwisi B, Rief W, Treede RD; IASP Taskforce for the Classification of Chronic Pain. The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic postsurgical or posttraumatic pain. Pain. 2019 Jan;160(1):45-52. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001413. PubMed 30586070 ↗
  • Kehlet H, Jensen TS, Woolf CJ. Persistent postsurgical pain: risk factors and prevention. Lancet. 2006 May 13;367(9522):1618-25. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68700-X. PubMed 16698416 ↗
  • Stuart AR, Kuck K, Naik BI, Saager L, Pace NL, Domino KB, Posner KL, Alpert SB, Kheterpal S, Sinha AK, Brummett CM, Durieux ME; the MPOG EOS Investigator Group. Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group Enhanced Observation Study Postoperative Pain Profiles, Analgesic Use, and Transition to Chronic Pain and Excessive and Prolonged Opioid Use Patterns Methodology. Anesth Analg. 2020 Jun;130(6):1702-1708. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004568. PubMed 31986126 ↗
  • Althaus A, Hinrichs-Rocker A, Chapman R, Arranz Becker O, Lefering R, Simanski C, Weber F, Moser KH, Joppich R, Trojan S, Gutzeit N, Neugebauer E. Development of a risk index for the prediction of chronic post-surgical pain. Eur J Pain. 2012 Jul;16(6):901-10. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00090.x. Epub 2011 Dec 23. PubMed 22337572 ↗
  • Mathes T, Pape-Kohler C, Moerders L, Lux E, Neugebauer EAM. External Validation and Update of the RICP-A Multivariate Model to Predict Chronic Postoperative Pain. Pain Med. 2018 Aug 1;19(8):1674-1682. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnx242. PubMed 29121211 ↗
  • Meretoja TJ, Andersen KG, Bruce J, Haasio L, Sipila R, Scott NW, Ripatti S, Kehlet H, Kalso E. Clinical Prediction Model and Tool for Assessing Risk of Persistent Pain After Breast Cancer Surgery. J Clin Oncol. 2017 May 20;35(15):1660-1667. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2016.70.3413. Epub 2017 Mar 13. PubMed 28524782 ↗
  • Montes A, Roca G, Cantillo J, Sabate S; GENDOLCAT Study Group. Presurgical risk model for chronic postsurgical pain based on 6 clinical predictors: a prospective external validation. Pain. 2020 Nov;161(11):2611-2618. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001945. PubMed 32541391 ↗
  • Montes A, Roca G, Sabate S, Lao JI, Navarro A, Cantillo J, Canet J; GENDOLCAT Study Group. Genetic and Clinical Factors Associated with Chronic Postsurgical Pain after Hernia Repair, Hysterectomy, and Thoracotomy: A Two-year Multicenter Cohort Study. Anesthesiology. 2015 May;122(5):1123-41. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000611. PubMed 25985024 ↗
  • Nikolajsen L, Sorensen HC, Jensen TS, Kehlet H. Chronic pain following Caesarean section. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2004 Jan;48(1):111-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2004.00271.x. PubMed 14674981 ↗
  • Jin J, Peng L, Chen Q, Zhang D, Ren L, Qin P, Min S. Prevalence and risk factors for chronic pain following cesarean section: a prospective study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2016 Oct 18;16(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s12871-016-0270-6. PubMed 27756207 ↗
  • Sharma LR, Schaldemose EL, Alaverdyan H, Nikolajsen L, Chen D, Bhanvadia S, Komen H, Yaeger L, Haroutounian S. Perioperative factors associated with persistent postsurgical pain after hysterectomy, cesarean section, prostatectomy, and donor nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2022 Mar 1;163(3):425-435. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002361. PubMed 34121077 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

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Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 25, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT05739747
Lead sponsor
Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa
Responsible party
Carles Espinos Ramírez (M.D., Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa) — Principal investigator
First posted
Feb 22, 2023
Start date
Apr 1, 2023
Primary completion
Feb 2024 (estimated)
Completion
Feb 2025 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 25, 2023

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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