An observational study in Substance Use Disorders, sponsored by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Withdrawn. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-06.
Sponsored by Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University · Observational
The goal of this study is to provide a scientific understanding of the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on the recovery trajectory (psychosocial functioning, relapse/remission status, and neurocognitive mechanisms).
The study will characterize the effect of SES (subjective and objective indicators) on long-term trajectories of recovery and neurocognitive functioning. By using an accelerated longitudinal design, the investigators will examine the association between baseline SES, changes in CNDS, and changes in psychosocial functioning (e.g., quality of life) and relapse. Moreover, the investigators will use computational modeling to capture underlying changes in components of CNDS functioning related to SES and SUD recovery.
2,124 studies on the registry are indexed under Substance-Related Disorders; 393 are open to participants now.
Browse Substance-Related Disorders studies →Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is the lead sponsor of 124 studies on the registry; 27 are open to participants now.
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Individuals in recovery from SUD who meets the study inclusion criteria will be recruited from The International Quit \& Recovery Registry (IQRR) (https://quitandrecovery.org). Participants will be recruited from existing or new IQRR registrants; that is, IQRR registrants meeting the inclusion criteria (see above) will be invited to participate. Also, the recruitment of new registrants will use methods designed to reflect the heterogeneity of the recovery population.
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants in this group started their recovery process \< 1 year ago
Other: Online Survey
Participants in this group started their recovery process 1 to \<2 years ago
Other: Online Survey
Participants in this group started their recovery process 2 to \<3 years ago
Other: Online Survey
There are no interventions planned for this study. This is an observational study only.
Change in Socioeconomic Status (SES)- Individual Subjective SES
Individual Subjective SES will be determined using the MacArthur Scale of subjective social status. Participants will be presented with two social ladders that have 10 steps each and asked to place themselves on the rung that best represent where they stand at this time in their life (1=lowest rung and 10= highest rung), relative to other people in (1) the United States and (2) their community. Higher scores on the 10-rung ladder indicate higher subjective SES.
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in Socioeconomic Status (SES)- Individual Objective SES
Individual Objective SES will be measured using a composite that was developed by the US Department of Justice (i.e. National Crime Victimization Survey Index 1) that incorporates four main SES elements (i.e., income, education, employment status, and housing tenure measures). Specifically, the SES composite index includes two individual level characteristics: education (possible range: 0-3) and employment in the last 6 months (possible range: 0-1); and two household level characteristics: income as a percentage of the federal poverty level (FPL; possible range: 0-3) and housing tenure (possible range: 0-1). The final SES score (possible range: 0-8) is collapsed into three levels: low (total score of 0 to less than 3), middle (total score of 3 to less than 6), and upper (total score of 6-8) SES.
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in CNDS functioning
Delay Discounting (DD) task will be administered to assesses the value of delayed reinforcers. Participants make hypothetical choices between amounts of delayed and immediate money at various delays (e.g., 1 day to 25 years)
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in Psychosocial Functioning- The Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (PFI)
The Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (PFI) will be used to measure social functioning. The social behavior sub-scale will be calculated from 10 items of the PFI and included items that assess the frequency of problematic social behavior and social interactions in the past 90 days. The psychosocial functioning scale yields a score ranging from 0-100, with higher scores indicating greater impairment.
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in Psychosocial Functioning- World Health Organization (WHO)-Quality of Life
WHO-Quality of Life brief assessment (BREF) will be used to measure the four domains of quality of life: (1) physical health; (2) psychological (3) social relationships; and (4) environment (26 items). Each item in the WHOQOL-BREF will be scored with a 5-point Likert scale (three items are reverse scored), and these scores will be used to generate raw scores for each domain, which will be then scaled 0-100, with higher scores indicating greater quality of life.
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in Psychosocial Functioning- Satisfaction with Life and social Functioning
Satisfaction with life and social functioning over the past 90 days will be assessed using 4 questions: How happy have you been (1) with life?; (2) with your living situation? and (3) with your relationships? and (4) Did you feel satisfied with leisure, social, and recreational activities? (0 = satisfied/happy; 1 = dissatisfied/unhappy)
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in Psychosocial Functioning- Career Engagement
Engagement in proactive career behaviors over time (9 items). Each item in the career engagement measure will be scored with the 5-point Likert-type scale. The average scale scores will range between 1-5 with higher score indicating greater engagement.
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in Psychosocial Functioning- Addiction Severity
The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) will be used to assess experiences of serious depression, serious anxiety or tension, and cognitive difficulty (i.e., trouble understanding, concentrating, or remembering) in the past 90 days. All items will be binary indicators, where 0 = employed or symptom not present and 1 = unemployed or symptom present. Items will be examined individually.
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in Substance Use- SUD Status and Severity
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-5 (DSM-5) SUD (last year \& last 3 months) will be used to assess SUD status and severity with mild, moderate, and severe sub-classifications
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
Change in Substance Use- Consumption
Timeline Follow Back-90 (TLFB-90) will be used to obtains retrospective daily estimates of substance use in the last 3 month. TLFB can generate a variety of variables that provide more precise and varied information (e.g., pattern, variability) about a person's substance use
Time frame: Approximately every 3 months from date of baseline session through study completion, an average of 3 years
No study locations are listed for this record.
Plan to share: No
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
This study is withdrawn, as verified in Mar 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University