ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT04967989COASTUpdated Aug 14, 2026

Clarifying the Optimal Application of SLT Therapy Trial

A Phase 3 interventional study of Low Energy SLT and Standard Energy SLT in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension, sponsored by University of Pittsburgh. Recruiting at 29 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-14.

Sponsored by University of Pittsburgh · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Sep 2021; still recruiting 5 years 2 months later.
Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
790
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this study is to understand if SLT performed at low energy is as effective as SLT performed at standard energy, and also to see if repeating SLT at low energy once a year will prevent or delay the need for daily eye drop medications better than waiting for SLT to wear off before repeating it.

02

Conditions studied

  • Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Keywords

  • glaucoma
  • selective laser trabeculoplasty
  • clinical trial
03

In context

Glaucoma

1,419 studies on the registry are indexed under Glaucoma; 223 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 790 is above the median of 61 across 964 interventional studies indexed under Glaucoma.

Browse Glaucoma studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Pittsburgh is the lead sponsor of 1,419 studies on the registry; 168 are open to participants now.

Of its 9 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 4 (44%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Age 18 or older and in good health
  2. Each eye with one of the following qualifying diagnoses (diagnoses may differ between eyes):

    1. High-risk ocular hypertension (OHT): IOP > 21 mmHg without glaucomatous optic neuropathy (excavation, diffuse or focal thinning or notching of the neuroretinal rim, visible nerve fiber layer defects, or asymmetry of the vertical cup-to-disc ratio of >0.2 between eyes)
    2. Mild primary open-angle glaucoma: glaucomatous optic neuropathy, visual field mean deviation better than -6.0 dB with no points in the central 5° \<15 dB (see figure on next page)
    3. Moderate primary open-angle glaucoma: glaucomatous optic neuropathy, visual field mean deviation equal to or worse than -6.0 dB but no worse than -12.0 dB and no central 5° points \<15 dB or mean deviation -12.0 dB or better with 1 central 5° points \<15 dB (see figure on next page).
  3. Each eye with BCVA 20/200 (UK 6/60) or better

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Use of topical IOP-lowering medications for more than 6 cumulative months at any time in the past 5 years (this is a modification implemented during active enrollment)
  2. Any history of IOP-lowering laser (prophylactic iridotomy not included) or surgical procedure
  3. Advanced POAG in either eye (worse than moderate POAG as defined above)
  4. Glaucoma other than POAG (including pigmentary and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma) in either eye
  5. Mean IOP > 35 mmHg at either the screening or baseline visit in either eye
  6. Narrow or closed angle (Shaffer Grade 0, 1, or 2) in either eye
  7. to SLT or any other study intervention
  8. Any corneal pathology that would preclude accurate assessment of IOP by Goldmann tonometry in either eye
  9. Any intraocular surgical procedure within the past 6 months in either eye
  10. Inability to attend all scheduled study visits
  11. Pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the next 4 years
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
790 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Trial 1: Initial standard energy SLT

    Standard energy SLT is performed as follows: beginning at 0.8 mJ, energy will be titrated up or down within the first 5-10 spots until champagne bubbles are visualized with every 2nd or 3rd spot. Energy can be titrated throughout the procedure, in response to variations in pigmentation, to ensure the appearance of champagne bubbles with every 2nd or 3rd spot throughout the full 360° treatment. Energy should be increased if no bubbles are seen with 5 consecutive spots and decreased if bubbles are seen with 5 consecutive spots.

    Procedure: Standard Energy SLT

  • Experimental
    Trial 2: Month 12 Randomization: Annual Low Energy Repeat SLT

    At month 12, eligible subjects will be randomized to undergo repeat SLT either annually at low energy or as needed at standard energy. Low energy SLT will consist of 100 treatment spots delivered at 0.4 mJ per spot throughout the full 360° treatment, with the exception that energy can be reduced to 0.3 mJ if bubbles are seen with 5 consecutive spots and can be increased back to a maximum of 0.4mJ is no bubbles are seen with 5 consecutive spots.

    Procedure: Low Energy SLT

  • Active comparator
    Trial 2: Month 12 Randomization: As-Needed Repeat SLT at Standard Energy

    At month 12, eligible subjects will be randomized to undergo repeat SLT either annually at low energy or as needed at standard energy. Standard SLT will be performed as follows: beginning at 0.8 mJ, energy will be titrated up or down within the first 5-10 spots until champagne bubbles are visualized with every 2nd or 3rd spot. Energy can be titrated throughout the procedure, in response to variations in pigmentation, to ensure the appearance of champagne bubbles with every 2nd or 3rd spot throughout the full 360° treatment. Energy should be increased if no bubbles are seen with 5 consecutive spots and decreased if bubbles are seen with 5 consecutive spots.

    Procedure: Standard Energy SLT

  • Experimental
    Trial 1: Initial Low Energy SLT

    Note: This arm was discontinued following a planned interim analysis. Low energy SLT will consist of 100 treatment spots delivered at 0.4 mJ per spot throughout the full 360° treatment, with the exception that energy can be reduced to 0.3 mJ if bubbles are seen with 5 consecutive spots and can be increased back to a maximum of 0.4mJ if no bubbles are seen with 5 consecutive spots.

    Procedure: Low Energy SLT

Interventions

  • ProcedureLow Energy SLT

    SLT performed at low energy

  • ProcedureStandard Energy SLT

    SLT performed at standard energy

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. 12-month survival

    Survival of first SLT through Month 12

    Time frame: 12 months

  2. 48-month survival

    At Month 12, subjects are randomized to repeat SLT either annually at low energy or PRN at standard energy. The proportion controlled with SLT alone at Month 48 will be compared between groups

    Time frame: 48 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mean IOP

    Mean IOP at month 12

    Time frame: 12 months

  2. Long-term mean IOP

    Mean IOP at each study visit

    Time frame: 12, 24, 36, and 48 months

  3. Incidence of IOP spikes

    IOP spikes \> 5 mmHg on day of SLT

    Time frame: 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months

07

Study locations

27 of 29 sites recruiting
  • Harvard Eye Associates
    Laguna Hills, California 92653, United States
    Recruiting
  • Doheny Eye Center UCLA
    Pasadena, California 91105, United States
    Recruiting
  • University of California, Davis
    Sacramento, California 95817, United States
    Recruiting
    • Leslie Valverde · Contactldlopez@ucdavis.edu · 916-734-6302
    • James Brandt, MD · Principal investigator
  • University of California, San Francisco
    San Francisco, California 94158, United States
    Recruiting
    • Ethan Liang · ContactEthan.Liang@ucsf.edu · (415) 525-9890
    • Ying Han, MD · Principal investigator
  • Mile High Eye Institute
    Sheridan, Colorado 80110, United States
    Recruiting
    • Michelle Lopez Galindo · ContactMichelle@mhei.com · (303) 482-1300
    • Zachary Vest, MD · Principal investigator
  • Clear Vue Laser Eye Center
    Lakeworth, Florida 33467, United States
    Recruiting
  • Northwestern Medical Group
    Chicago, Illinois 60615, United States
    Recruiting
  • Chicago Arbor Eye Institute
    Orland Park, Illinois 60467, United States
    Recruiting
  • Illinois Eye Center
    Peoria, Illinois 61615, United States
    Recruiting
  • Wilmer Eye Institute Johns Hopkins
    Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
    Recruiting
    • Rucha Thaker · Contactrthaker2@jh.edu · 908- 616-1807
    • Pradeep Ramulu, MD · Principal investigator
  • Massachusetts Eye and Ear
    Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
    Recruiting
  • Ophthalmic Consultants of Boston
    Boston, Massachusetts 02451, United States
    Recruiting
    • Jessica Placher · Contactjplacher@eyeboston.com · (617) 314-2734
    • Theodor Sauer, MD · Principal investigator
  • Mark Latina, LLC
    Reading, Massachusetts 01867, United States
    Recruiting
  • University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center
    Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
    Recruiting
    • Lindsay Rudberg · Contactrulindsa@med.umich.edu · 734-647-9196
    • Amanda Bicket, MD · Principal investigator
  • Kresge Eye Institute Wayne State University
    Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
    Recruiting
  • New York Eye Surgery Associates
    The Bronx, New York 10469, United States
    Recruiting
    • Krystina Tavarez-Feliciano · Contactkfeliciano@nyeye.com · 347-860-4474
    • Nathan Radcliffe, MD · Principal investigator
  • University Hospitals Eye Institute
    Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
    Recruiting
  • Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute
    Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
    Recruiting
    • Dusica Vasic · Contactvasicd@ccf.org · 216-445-3840
    • Ang Li, MD · Principal investigator
  • Devers Eye Institute
    Portland, Oregon 97210, United States
    Recruiting
    • Jack Rees · Contactjrees@deverseye.org · 503-413-8495
    • Robert Kinast, MD · Principal investigator
  • Eye Care Specialists
    Kingston, Pennsylvania 18704, United States
    Recruiting
  • Scheie Eye Institute
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
    Recruiting
  • Wills Eye Hospital
    Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
    Recruiting
    • Meskerem Divers · ContactMDivers@willseye.org · 215-825-4712
    • Lauren Hock, MD · Principal investigator
  • UPMC Eye Center
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
    Active, not recruiting

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

  • Vanderbilt Eye Institute
    Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
    Recruiting
  • Ophthalmology Associates
    Fort Worth, Texas 76102, United States
    Recruiting
    • Kaitlin Sinclair · Contactksinclair@oafw2020.com · 940-452-1173
    • Brian Flowers, MD · Principal investigator
  • Spokane Eye Clinical Research
    Spokane, Washington 99204, United States
    Recruiting
  • West Virginia University
    Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
    Recruiting
  • University of Wisconsin-Madison
    Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
    Recruiting
    • Kelly Boyd · Contactkmboyd@wisc.edu · 608-265-4589
    • Yao Liu, MD · Principal investigator
  • Ocular Health Centre
    Kitchener, Ontario N2A0K5, Canada
    Active, not recruiting

    Not enrolling at this site — choose another above.

08

References and documents

Publications

  • Realini T, Gazzard G, Latina M, Kass M. Low-energy Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty Repeated Annually: Rationale for the COAST Trial. J Glaucoma. 2021 Jul 1;30(7):545-551. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001788. PubMed 33428350 ↗
  • Realini T, Balasubramani G, Kenkre T, Wolsk J, Kass MA, Gazzard G, Wisniewski SR; COAST Study Investigators. Design and Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Clarifying the Optimal Application of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) Therapy (COAST) Trial 1. J Glaucoma. 2026 Aug 1;35(8):e112-e122. doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002717. Epub 2026 Mar 23. PubMed 41886500 ↗

Related links

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All study data will be de-identified. We will invite other investigators to submit secondary data requests using the data from the study and will work with those investigators to foster additional research studies and manuscripts. The investigators agree to abide by the principles for sharing research resources as described by "Principles and Guidelines for Recipients of NIH Research Grants and Contracts on Obtaining and Disseminating Biomedical Research Resources." All publications based on the study will adhere to the NIH Public Access Policy (Notice NOT-OD-08-033). At the end of the study, all study data will be submitted for permanent archive per the notice of grant award.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form

Time frame: At study completion

Access criteria: See above

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Sep 2021 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Jun 2027, 69 months after the start.

Of 33 phase 3 interventional studies under Glaucoma, half reached primary completion within 20 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 43. This study's planned 69 months is above that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 27, 2021
First posted
Jul 20, 2021
StartActual
Sep 7, 2021
Primary completionEst.
Jun 30, 2027
CompletionEst.
Aug 31, 2027
Last update
Aug 14, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 14, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04967989
Responsible party
Balasubramani Goundappa (Research Associate Professor, University of Pittsburgh) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jul 20, 2021
Start date
Sep 7, 2021
Primary completion
Jun 30, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Aug 31, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 14, 2026

Study contacts

Tony Realini, MD, MPH
Contact
hypotonywvu@gmail.com
3045986926
Tony Realini, MD, MPH
study chair · West Virginia University
Goundappa K Balasubramani, PhD
principal investigator · University of Pittsburgh
Stephen Wisniewski, PhD
principal investigator · University of Pittsburgh

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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