ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04505007Updated Nov 26, 2025

Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in Patients After Implantation of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators to Improve Long-Term Outcomes

An interventional study of Specialized heart function clinic in Heart Failure and ICD, sponsored by Ratika Parkash. Completed at 1 site in Canada. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-11-26.

Sponsored by Ratika Parkash · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
29
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 453 studies in Heart Failure with a site in Canada — 77 open to participants now, 98 under way, 20 of them phase 3. Heart Failure · Canada.

Enrollment
308th of 361
29 · median 225
Started
2021
with 22 others
No phase
162 of 453
31 open now
Registered
328th of 453
by date

Among the 453 studies in Heart Failure with a site in Canada, this one is the 308th largest by enrollment of the 361 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 23 that started in 2021, is one of 162 with no phase, and was the 328th registered.

Heart Failure

6,332 studies on the registry are indexed under Heart Failure; 1,392 are open to participants now.

Browse Heart Failure studies →

Open to participants now

77 of the 453 studies in Heart Failure with a site in Canada are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

72 more — sign in →

All 77 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Canada have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Canada →

Who these studies take

Of the 966 Heart Failure studies recruiting now, 689 (71%) set no upper age limit and 89 (9%) stop at 75 or younger; 63 take children under 18; 96 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years and older · all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVNarrow it in search →With an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 453 studies in Heart Failure with a site in Canada, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and the mortality benefit it provides in the heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) population are well-established by multiple professional society guidelines. GDMT refers to initial medical therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB), beta-blockers (BB), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) titrating to maximally tolerated doses for patients with HFrEF. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have also become a mainstay in the management of HFrEF after implementation of GDMT. ICD therapy is an effective and established treatment for HFrEF patients for both primary and secondary prevention of SCD.

Regarding the use, adherence and results of GDMT after ICD/CRT implantation, there is very limited data available in the literature. There are a few retrospective trials that show this, however very limited randomized controlled data.

This proposed study would randomize patients with primary prevention ICDs and CRT into a specialized clinic with a heart failure nurse practitioner vs usual clinical care, with the goal of determining outcomes such as change in LVEFs, heart failure hospitalizations, and visits to the ER for heart failure. Consequently, this would determine whether targeted clinics are needed for ICD/CRT patients with HFrEF to optimize GDMT, improve patient outcomes and thus implement new guidelines/recommendations for this specific patient population.

Read the detailed description

Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) and the mortality benefit it provides in the heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) population are well-established by multiple professional society guidelines. GDMT refers to initial medical therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB), beta-blockers (BB), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) titrating to maximally tolerated doses for patients with HFrEF. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) such as the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have also become a mainstay in the management of HFrEF after implementation of GDMT. ICD therapy is an effective and established treatment for HFrEF patients for both primary and secondary prevention of SCD. Canadian guidelines recommend ICD implantation for patients with ischemic or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) and persistent ejection fraction ≤ 30%, when persistent refers to at least 3 months of optimal medical therapy (OMT) in all patients and, in patients with ischemic heart disease, at least 3 months after revascularization and at least 40 days after a myocardial infarction (MI). These guidelines also suggest that ICDs be considered for the same population with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 31-35% as well. CRT device therapy is indicated for use in patients in sinus rhythm with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-III, or ambulatory NYHA class IV heart failure symptoms, a LVEF ≤ 35%, and QRS duration > 130 ms because of left bundle branch block (LBBB).

The use and adherence to GDMT before and after ICD implantation is of critical importance. Adherence to GDMT before implantation has the potential to improve survival and may even improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) enough so that an ICD may no longer be indicated. However, adherence to GDMT is notoriously difficult to assess in conventional clinical practice due a multitude of factors. These include information about outpatient prescription use, prescription filling pattern/barriers, reported patient adherence to GDMT, and various electronic health records/documentation linked to pharmacies to name a few. In one retrospective study, it was demonstrated that just over half (61.1%) of patients filled any GDMT prescription before ICD implantation. Futhermore, patients receiving GDMT versus those who did not receive GMT had a lower 1 year mortality rate after ICD implantation (11.1% vs 16.2%) after adjustments for comorbidities, LVEF, and NYHA class heart failure. In a similar study assessing prescriptions claim data to assess beta-blocker use prior to ICD implantation, the median number of days covered by a beta-blocker in the 90 days prior to ICD implantation was 46 days. From the results of these studies, it is clear that there is room for improvement for implementation of GDMT prior to ICD implantation.

Regarding the use, adherence and results of GDMT after ICD/CRT implantation, there is very limited data available in the literature. One of the first studies to exhibit the effect of medical therapy in HFrEF patients after ICD/CRT implantation was a retrospective cohort study that stratified ICD/CRT patients according to combination treatment with HFrEF medical therapy; patients on none or one HFrEF medications were in group 0/1, patients on two HFrEF medications (ex: ACEi + BB) were in group 2, and patients on all three HFrEF medications (ACEi/ARB + BB + MRA) were in group 3. Results showed a higher hospitalization rate per patient/year in the undertreated population (group 0 and 1) (28% vs 12%, p = 0.001). Also, in multivariate analysis, patients treated with better medical therapy (groups 2 and 3) had less hospitalizations for heart failure and better survival (p \< 0.001). In addition to benefits with hospitalizations and better survival, adjunctive optimization of GDMT can result in quantitative benefits as well. One study compared usual post-implant care was compared to protocol-driven clinical care with a dedicated nurse and cardiologist. Protocol-driven care was associated with significant improvements in LVEF, LV internal diastolic diameter, and improvements in maximum exercise capacity. Interestingly, these improvements appeared to be driven not only by device-related management, but also by concomitant optimization of GDMT and heart failure education. As evidenced by these promising results, it is of utmost importance to assess and optimize the use of GDMT in patients with CIEDs and HFrEF, as there can be potential improvements in LVEF, exercise capacity and survival.

This proposed study would randomize patients with primary prevention ICDs and CRT into a specialized clinic with a heart failure nurse practitioner vs usual clinical care, with the goal of determining outcomes such as change in LVEFs, heart failure hospitalizations, and visits to the ER for heart failure. Consequently, this would determine whether targeted clinics are needed for ICD/CRT patients with HFrEF to optimize GDMT, improve patient outcomes and thus implement new guidelines/recommendations for this specific patient population.

03

Conditions studied

  • Heart Failure
  • ICD

Browse trials for

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

- patients who underwent ICD or CRT (pacemaker or defibrillator) implantation therapy at the QEII Health Sciences Centre between 2002 and 2019 and had a ≤ 35% at the time of the initial implantation.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • unable to provide , has a of less than one year, dementia, cirrhosis, or .
  • Patients who underwent primary prevention ICD implantation for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), ion channelopathies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or infiltrative cardiomyopathy will be excluded from this analysis.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction)

The share of blood the heart’s main pumping chamber (the left ventricle) pushes out with each beat, measured by an echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) or a MUGA scan. About 50–70% is normal.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

Metastases

Cancer that has spread from where it began to other parts of the body. “Metastatic” cancer is cancer that has spread this way.

Cancer (malignancy)

Malignancy means cancer. Criteria about another or earlier malignancy ask whether you have had a different cancer, usually within a set number of years.

Some are commonly allowed, such as treated skin cancers other than melanoma and early cancers removed completely — check the exceptions this study lists.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Care provider, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
29 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • No intervention
    Usual clinical care

    In this arm, patients with devices and heart failure will undergo usual clinical care. This consists of follow-up as deemed necessary by their primary care providers.

  • Experimental
    Specialized clinic

    In this arm, patients with devices and heart failure will be enrolled in a specialized clinic with the following aims: 1. Referral to a heart failure nurse practitioner to undergo optimization of medical therapy. 2. Optimization of device programming with reduction of ventricular pacing where possible, rate responsiveness when indicated. 3. For those patients with CRT - ECG optimization using a previously tested protocol will be performed. This will consist of attempts to achieve the shortest QRS duration with the following guidelines: 1. Two BV fusion patterns in leads V1 and V2: QRS normalization or a new or an increased R wave. 2. QRS difference ≤-25 ms. Remodelling probability increases as QRS difference takes on larger negative values (QRS difference = BV paced QRS - LBBB QRS duration, in ms).

    Other: Specialized heart function clinic

Interventions

  • OtherSpecialized heart function clinic

    This information has already been provided.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF)

    The proportion of patients that experience more than 10% increase in LVEF. This outcome will demonstrate if the experimental group had benefit in their heart function (ie LVEF). A successful outcome is if the patient demonstrated an increase by at least 10% in the LVEF over the year of follow up.

    Time frame: 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mortality rate

    All-cause mortality will demonstrate if the two groups differed in the absolute number of mortality in the 1 year follow up period.

    Time frame: 1 year

  2. Heart failure hospitalization frequency

    This will determine if the experimental group patients were hospitalized with a different frequency compared to the usual care group during the 1 year follow up period.

    Time frame: 1 year

  3. Rate of adherence to guideline directed medical therapy

    This outcome will be based on self-reported adherence to combinations of medications for treating heart failure. Patients will provide us details of adherence to their medications as best as possible.

    Time frame: 1 year

07

Study locations

1 site
  • QEII Health Sciences Centre
    Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3A7, Canada
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Ezekowitz JA, O'Meara E, McDonald MA, Abrams H, Chan M, Ducharme A, Giannetti N, Grzeslo A, Hamilton PG, Heckman GA, Howlett JG, Koshman SL, Lepage S, McKelvie RS, Moe GW, Rajda M, Swiggum E, Virani SA, Zieroth S, Al-Hesayen A, Cohen-Solal A, D'Astous M, De S, Estrella-Holder E, Fremes S, Green L, Haddad H, Harkness K, Hernandez AF, Kouz S, LeBlanc MH, Masoudi FA, Ross HJ, Roussin A, Sussex B. 2017 Comprehensive Update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure. Can J Cardiol. 2017 Nov;33(11):1342-1433. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.08.022. Epub 2017 Sep 6. PubMed 29111106 ↗
  • Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Colvin MM, Drazner MH, Filippatos GS, Fonarow GC, Givertz MM, Hollenberg SM, Lindenfeld J, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, Peterson PN, Stevenson LW, Westlake C. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 2017 Aug 8;136(6):e137-e161. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000509. Epub 2017 Apr 28. No abstract available. PubMed 28455343 ↗
  • Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, Bueno H, Cleland JG, Coats AJ, Falk V, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Harjola VP, Jankowska EA, Jessup M, Linde C, Nihoyannopoulos P, Parissis JT, Pieske B, Riley JP, Rosano GM, Ruilope LM, Ruschitzka F, Rutten FH, van der Meer P. [2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure]. Kardiol Pol. 2016;74(10):1037-1147. doi: 10.5603/KP.2016.0141. No abstract available. Polish. PubMed 27748494 ↗
  • Bennett M, Parkash R, Nery P, Senechal M, Mondesert B, Birnie D, Sterns LD, Rinne C, Exner D, Philippon F, Campbell D, Cox J, Dorian P, Essebag V, Krahn A, Manlucu J, Molin F, Slawnych M, Talajic M. Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian Heart Rhythm Society 2016 Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Guidelines. Can J Cardiol. 2017 Feb;33(2):174-188. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.09.009. Epub 2016 Oct 6. PubMed 28034580 ↗
  • Exner DV, Birnie DH, Moe G, Thibault B, Philippon F, Healey JS, Tang AS, Larose E, Parkash R. Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines on the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy: evidence and patient selection. Can J Cardiol. 2013 Feb;29(2):182-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.10.006. PubMed 23351926 ↗
  • Roth GA, Poole JE, Zaha R, Zhou W, Skinner J, Morden NE. Use of Guideline-Directed Medications for Heart Failure Before Cardioverter-Defibrillator Implantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Mar 8;67(9):1062-1069. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.12.046. PubMed 26940927 ↗
  • Hauptman PJ, Swindle JP, Masoudi FA, Burroughs TE. Underutilization of beta-blockers in patients undergoing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and cardiac resynchronization procedures. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2010 Mar;3(2):204-11. doi: 10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.109.880450. Epub 2010 Mar 2. PubMed 20197509 ↗
  • Massoullie G, Chouki C, Mulliez A, Rossignol P, Ploux S, Pereira B, Reuillard A, Jean F, Andronache M, Eschalier A, Motreff P, Clerfond G, Bordachar P, Authier N, Eschalier R. Effect of Optimization of Medical Treatment on Long-Term Survival of Patients With Heart Failure After Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and Cardiac Resynchronization Device Implantation (from the French National EGB Database). Am J Cardiol. 2018 Mar 15;121(6):725-730. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.12.013. Epub 2018 Jan 3. PubMed 29402420 ↗
  • Mullens W, Kepa J, De Vusser P, Vercammen J, Rivero-Ayerza M, Wagner P, Dens J, Vrolix M, Vandervoort P, Tang WH. Importance of adjunctive heart failure optimization immediately after implantation to improve long-term outcomes with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Aug 1;108(3):409-15. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.03.060. Epub 2011 May 6. PubMed 21550578 ↗
  • Januzzi JL, Butler J, Fombu E, Maisel A, McCague K, Pina IL, Prescott MF, Riebman JB, Solomon S. Rationale and methods of the Prospective Study of Biomarkers, Symptom Improvement, and Ventricular Remodeling During Sacubitril/Valsartan Therapy for Heart Failure (PROVE-HF). Am Heart J. 2018 May;199:130-136. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2017.12.021. Epub 2018 Feb 13. PubMed 29754651 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jun 2021 to primary completion in Dec 2023, 30 months.

Of 1,118 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Heart Failure, half reached primary completion within 29 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 16 and three quarters within 50. This study's 30 months is close to that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,354 studies reached it within 31 months; a quarter within 16 and three quarters within 52.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jul 23, 2020
First posted
Aug 7, 2020
StartActual
Jun 1, 2021
Primary completionActual
Dec 1, 2023
CompletionActual
Aug 31, 2024
Last update
Nov 26, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 26, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04505007
Lead sponsor
Ratika Parkash
Responsible party
Ratika Parkash (Cardiologist, Nova Scotia Health Authority) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Aug 7, 2020
Start date
Jun 1, 2021
Primary completion
Dec 1, 2023
Completion
Aug 31, 2024
Last update
Nov 26, 2025

Study contacts

Ratika Parkash, MD
principal investigator · NSHA

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Nov 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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