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CompletedNCT03405740VIRTUES ICDUpdated Sep 3, 2026

Virtual E-health System for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators

An interventional study of Remote Patient Management and Standard of Care in Cardiac Arrhythmia, sponsored by Ratika Parkash. Completed at 12 sites in Canada. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-03.

Sponsored by Ratika Parkash · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
1,115
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This is a Canadian multicenter randomized controlled trial to assess remote patient management. Patients will be randomized to remote patient management with VIRTUES versus usual care, and will be stratified by RemoteView vs no RemoteView utilization, as well as by center.

Read the detailed description

Remote monitoring (RM) has been in use for over a decade and is now used in a blended system of in clinic visits and RM to provide CIED follow up. Prior studies have focused on this blended model of follow up. In this study, we propose a paradigm shift in CIED follow up care that is fully remote, supported by a patient-centered communication system permitting patients to have greater understanding of their CIED and its function. Patients would not have to leave their own communities to obtain state-of-the art care for their cardiac condition or their CIED. Given the burgeoning use of CIEDs (ICDs and PMs), the aging population and particularly in Canada where 19% of the inhabitants are in communities classified as 'rural', many have long distances to travel to reach a health care facility, it is of the utmost importance to take full advantage of available and developing technologies to improve CIED follow up beyond current recommendations. During the life of these patients, many issues may arise, such as atrial or ventricular arrhythmias that may result in syncope, stroke or sudden death, need for increased monitoring resulting from device advisories, or minor programming adjustments to improve device performance, or simply the need for enhanced surveillance as the device battery depletes and replacement is anticipated. New technology has become available that not only permits surveillance, but also permits communication back to the patient, and their respective providers regarding the status of these devices. The combination of technologies will result in a total care of CIEDs termed Remote Patient Management - CIED (RPM-CIED). The incorporation of enhanced monitoring capability, along with automatic recalibration of device settings, allows us to develop a new paradigm of remote patient management where after the patient receives their device, they would remain in the care of their local health team ('spokes') and no longer require travel to the specialized device clinics ('hubs') for follow-up. It creates capacity in the specialized centers to focus exclusively on the problematic cases by removing the need for routine checks.

There are two avenues of new technology that will be used in this study:

  1. Remote View: this secure, web-based portal facilitates a virtual view of the device programming by the specialist in real-time while the patient is in their local clinic, thus avoiding patient travel to the specialized clinic (hub).
  2. VIRTUES (Virtual Integrated Reliable Transformative User-driven E-health System): this portal has been developed by the Cardiac Arrhythmia Network of Canada to allow the patient to receive reports from the remote transmissions of their device.
02

Conditions studied

  • Cardiac Arrhythmia

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03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Patients with a Medtronic, Abbott or Boston Scientific defibrillator/CRT-D capable of remote monitoring with Carelink, Merlin or Latitude.
  2. Able to provide consent.
  3. Age >/= 18 years

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. No family physician or general practitioner
  2. Inability to be referred to a specialist
  3. Currently followed more than every 6 months by a Heart Function Clinic
  4. Participation in another randomized clinical trial that impacts outcome
  5. Unreliable automated capture verification by device in pacemaker dependent patient
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
1,115 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Remote Patient Management

    Patients will be followed by remote monitoring only.

    Device: Remote Patient Management

  • Placebo comparator
    Standard of Care

    Remote monitoring at 6 month intervals, alternating with yearly in-clinic visits at their usual site.

    Device: Standard of Care

Interventions

  • DeviceRemote Patient Management

    1. Transmissions will occur at six monthly intervals, with no in-clinic visits. If there is an actionable event on the remote transmission, patients will be seen at their closest community clinic. 2. All patients will be required to follow up with their family physician at least annually, and their cardiologist at least every 2 years. 3. Patients will be contacted by phone at 6 months and 12 months to document their current health status (change in cardiovascular medications, any cardiovascular hospitalizations, in-clinic device checks, or any new cardiovascular testing completed since the last visit) 4. VIRTUES access

  • DeviceStandard of Care

    No intervention

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Time to major adverse cardiac event (primary safety outcome)

    Time to a major adverse event, including: death, stroke, hospitalization for complications relating to the device system, cardiovascular hospitalization, syncope, device-related Emergency Department visits.

    Time frame: 18 months

  2. Time to a device-detected event (primary efficacy outcome)

    The response time from a clinical event to a clinical decision in response to arrhythmias, cardiovascular disease progression, and device issues with remote patient management as compared to standard of care

    Time frame: 18 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Medication Compliance

    Compliance will be measured according to current Canadian Cardiovascular Society Heart Failure Guidelines

    Time frame: 18 Months

  2. Minimum programming compliance

    Minimum ICD programming according to Canadian Heart Rhythm Society programming recommendations

    Time frame: 18 months

  3. Number of clinical events leading to a change in medication

    Events detected by the ICD that lead to a clinical decision to change medication

    Time frame: 18 months

  4. Inappropriate ICD shocks

    Number of inappropriate ICD shocks

    Time frame: 18 months

  5. Appropriate ICD shocks

    Number of appropriate ICD shocks

    Time frame: 18 months

  6. Time to detection of ventricular arrhythmia events

    device-detected ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia

    Time frame: 18 months

  7. Detection of atrial high-rate episodes

    Device detected high-rate episodes greater than 6 minutes

    Time frame: 18 months

  8. Number of Cardiovascular-related ER visits

    Number of cardiovascular-related visits (\<24 hours)

    Time frame: 18 months

  9. Number of Device-Related ER visits

    ER visits (\<24 hrs) for a device-related reason (including an audio signal from the device (beeping), shock(s), or a device complication requiring medical attention)

    Time frame: 18 Months

  10. Rate of syncope

    Syncope

    Time frame: 18 months

  11. Cost effectiveness

    An economic evaluation will include a cost utility analysis

    Time frame: 18 months

06

Study locations

12 sites
  • Foothills Hospital
    Calgary, Alberta, Canada
  • Victoria Cardiac Arrhythmia Trials
    Victoria, British Columbia V8Z 0B9, Canada
  • St. Boniface Hospital
    Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
  • Saint John Regional Hospital
    Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
  • QEII HSC
    Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3A7, Canada
  • St. Mary's General Hospital
    Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
  • London Health Sciences Center
    London, Ontario, Canada
  • Southlake Regional Health Centre
    Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 2P6, Canada
  • Montreal Heart Institute
    Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
  • Hopital SacreCoeur
    Montreal, Quebec, Canada
  • Hopital Laval
    Québec, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke
    Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03405740
Lead sponsor
Ratika Parkash
Collaborators
Cardiac Arrhythmia Network of Canada, Abbott Medical Devices, Medtronic
Responsible party
Ratika Parkash (Staff Electrophysiologist, Nova Scotia Health Authority) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Jan 23, 2018
Start date
May 1, 2020
Primary completion
Apr 30, 2026
Completion
Jun 30, 2026
Last update
Sep 3, 2026

Study contacts

Ratika Parkash, MD FRCPC
principal investigator · Nova Scotia Health Authority

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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