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CompletedNCT04347148Updated Apr 15, 2020

Postural and Clinical Outcomes of SNAGs Treatment in Cervicogenic Dizziness Patients: a Randomised Controlled Trial

An interventional study of SNAGs Treatment and Sham Laser Treatment in Cervicogenic Dizziness and Rehabilitation, sponsored by Uniter Onlus. Completed at 1 site in Italy. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-04-15.

Sponsored by Uniter Onlus · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
80
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Previous works demonstrated the relationship between postural disturbances and reduction in cervical range of motion (CROM) in patients suffering from cervicogenic dizziness (CGD). Since sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) have been proposed as an effective treatment, the aim of the present study was to evaluate how clinical measures could be affected in patients with cervicogenic dizziness undergoing SNAGs.

02

Conditions studied

  • Cervicogenic Dizziness
  • Rehabilitation

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Keywords

  • cervicogenic dizziness
  • sustained natural apophyseal glides
  • posturography testing
  • fast Fourier transform
  • cervical range of motion
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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • accepted criteria will be operationalized to achieve the clinical suspicion of cervicogenic dizziness as following:

    1. Exclusion of these differential diagnoses: a. Migrainous vertigo b. Vertigo of central origin c. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) d. Meniere disease e. Vestibular neuritis f. Vertigo induced by drugs g. Psychogenic vertigo (anxiety and/or panic disorder and/or phobia) h. Orthostatic hypotension
    2. presence of a subjective feeling of dizziness associated with pain, movement, rigidity, or certain positions of the neck at least from 3 months;
    3. Cervical pain, trauma, and/or disease
    4. If from traumatic origin, there has to be a temporal proximity between the onset of dizziness and the neck injury.

Diagnosis is positive if criteria 1 to 3 are fulfilled. As for criterion 2, dizziness had to occur during the same period than neck pain occurred and dizziness had to be proportional to the severity of the neck pain that generally fluctuates in time.

Criterion 4 addresses cervicogenic dizziness occurring after a neck trauma

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • presence of trauma or recent surgery in the head, face, neck, or chest;
  • an otorhinolaryngological diagnosis of central or peripheral vertigo
  • receiving physiotherapy during the study period.
  • History, physical examination and a thorough clinical otoneurological examination will be devised to exclude extracervical causes of dizziness.
  • In order to exclude vestibular hypofunction, video Head Impulse Test - and the technique proposed in previous studies will be used to study the vestibulo-ocular reflex.
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Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
80 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    SNAGs treatment

    cervicogenic patients will undergo SNAGs treatment. Based on personal history, the offending active cervical movement (i.e. the movement predominantly causing dizziness) will be identified and treatment direction will be determined. As suggested, the active movement to most likely cause dizziness is cervical extension, though also rotation or flexion will be shown to provoke it. With the participant in an upright sitting position, a skilled physiotherapist (blinded to the allocation) will apply a sustained passive accessory movement (glide) while the participant will be asked to move actively as allowed by his/her physiological range in the direction producing their symptoms. This procedure will be repeated six times.

    Procedure: SNAGs Treatment

  • Placebo comparator
    Detuned Laser

    cervicogenic patients will receive a sham treatment, carried out by the another skilled therapist (blinded to the allocation) and consisting in exposition to a detuned laser. A laser - deactivated by the manufacturer in order to produce no effective emission - will appear to operate normally, emitting a light signal and a beeping sound. Such procedure - which was shown to not activate somatosensory receptors and to have a very strong placebo effect - will be used for six applications, lasting 20 seconds, on various sites on the upper cervical spine, at a distance of 0.5-1cm from the skin.

    Procedure: Sham Laser Treatment

Interventions

  • ProcedureSNAGs Treatment

    a sustained passive accessory movement (glide), i.e. SNAGs, will be applied by the physiotherapist while the participant will be asked to move actively as allowed by his/her physiological range in the direction producing his symptoms.

  • ProcedureSham Laser Treatment

    A Laser YAG 3 Chronic (Winform Medical Engineering s.r.l., San Donà di Piave (VE), Italy), will be detuned and applied in the region of cervical spine in order to have a sham treatment

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Balance Test

    Study of the surface of the ellipse of confidence (calculated in mm) by means of static posturography platform will be used to assess the sway of the posture. Low levels of outcomes indicate better performances. No specific reference ranges are given in literature.

    Time frame: one month

  2. Cervical Spine Movements

    A cervical range of motion (CROM) goniometer, which has been shown to be a reliable tool with good validity, will be used to measure (in degrees) cervical spine movements. Active flexion, extension, left and right rotation, and left and right lateral flexion will be measured three times and then averaged. Low levels of outcomes indicate worse performances. No specific reference ranges are given in literature.

    Time frame: one month

Secondary outcomes

  1. Self-report dizziness

    The Italian Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) wil be used to assess the self-report dizziness handicap. It consists of 25 questions designed to assess a patient's functional (nine questions), emotional (nine questions), and physical (seven questions) limitations; absolute scores range from 0 to 100, with moderate and severe disability usually associated with scores above 30 and 60, respectively

    Time frame: one month

  2. Disability of the Neck

    Level of neck spine disability will be assessed by means of Neck Disability Index (NDI). This self-report questionnaire has a single-factor structure comprising 10 items which assess different activities of daily living on a 6-point Likert-type scale (ranging from 0 to 5). Higher absolute scores indicate more severe pain and greater disability

    Time frame: one month

  3. Pain of the Neck

    Neck Pain Intensity (NPI) will be evaluated with the visual analogue scale for pain. This self-report reliable tool consists of a 100-mm horizontal line between the extremes 'no pain' (left) and 'worst imaginable pain' (right).

    Time frame: one month

  4. Fear of Movement

    Fear of movement will be quantified with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-17), a 17 item self-report questionnaire in which each question is scored using a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree); 4 items (4, 8, 12, and 16) are negatively worded and reverse scored. Higher absoute scores indicate a higher degree of kinesiophobia

    Time frame: one month

  5. Anxiety and Depression

    Anxiety and depression will be evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). This self-administered questionnaire contains 14 items, rated on a 4-point Likert type scale (from 0 to 3 points). The tool includes 2 subscales of 7 items that assess anxiety and depression. Higher absolute scores indicate higher levels of anxiety and depression in the 2 subscales, respectively

    Time frame: one month

06

Study locations

1 site
  • UNITER ONLUS for balance and rehabilitation research
    Guidonia, Rome 00012, Italy
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Hain TC. Cervicogenic causes of vertigo. Curr Opin Neurol. 2015 Feb;28(1):69-73. doi: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000161. PubMed 25502050 ↗
  • Lystad RP, Bell G, Bonnevie-Svendsen M, Carter CV. Manual therapy with and without vestibular rehabilitation for cervicogenic dizziness: a systematic review. Chiropr Man Therap. 2011 Sep 18;19(1):21. doi: 10.1186/2045-709X-19-21. PubMed 21923933 ↗
  • Wrisley DM, Sparto PJ, Whitney SL, Furman JM. Cervicogenic dizziness: a review of diagnosis and treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2000 Dec;30(12):755-66. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2000.30.12.755. PubMed 11153554 ↗
  • Reid SA, Callister R, Katekar MG, Rivett DA. Effects of cervical spine manual therapy on range of motion, head repositioning, and balance in participants with cervicogenic dizziness: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014 Sep;95(9):1603-12. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.009. Epub 2014 May 2. PubMed 24792139 ↗
  • Reid SA, Rivett DA, Katekar MG, Callister R. Sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) are an effective treatment for cervicogenic dizziness. Man Ther. 2008 Aug;13(4):357-66. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2007.03.006. Epub 2007 Oct 22. PubMed 17951095 ↗
  • Micarelli A, Viziano A, Augimeri I, Micarelli B, Capoccia D, Alessandrini M. Diagnostic route of cervicogenic dizziness: usefulness of posturography, objective and subjective testing implementation and their correlation. Disabil Rehabil. 2021 Jun;43(12):1730-1737. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1680747. Epub 2019 Oct 26. PubMed 31656108 ↗
  • Grande-Alonso M, Moral Saiz B, Minguez Zuazo A, Lerma Lara S, La Touche R. Biobehavioural analysis of the vestibular system and posture control in patients with cervicogenic dizziness. A cross-sectional study. Neurologia (Engl Ed). 2018 Mar;33(2):98-106. doi: 10.1016/j.nrl.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jul 21. English, Spanish. PubMed 27452617 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04347148
Lead sponsor
Uniter Onlus
Collaborators
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Responsible party
Alessandro Micarelli (Scientific Director, Uniter Onlus) — Principal investigator
First posted
Apr 15, 2020
Start date
Mar 1, 2018
Primary completion
Apr 30, 2019
Completion
Mar 2, 2020
Last update
Apr 15, 2020

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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