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CompletedNCT04529161FMD1Updated Mar 12, 2024

Olfactory and Taste Changes During Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD)

An interventional study of Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) and Routinary diet habits in Diet, Healthy, Obesity and Olfaction Disorders, sponsored by Uniter Onlus. Completed at 1 site in Italy. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 70 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-03-12.

Sponsored by Uniter Onlus · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
102
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 70 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Literature experiences demonstrated the impact of medically-assisted pulsed fasting on olfactory behavior in both the animal and human models and - conversely - the lack of homogeneous results linked - up to now - to administrations of pulsed fasting which are not widely codified.

Thus, objective of this study protocol is to evaluate the olfactory-gustatory aspects and blood patterns of a group of subjects suffering from obesity / overweight after a 6-month period of Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) (Group A) - consisting of a caloric restriction regimen - compared to a group of homogeneous subjects observing their own eating habits (Group B) which - according to a "cross-over" model - will undergo FMD in the following semester during which the subjects belonging to Group A will observe their eating habits.

Read the detailed description

A group of obese and/or overweighted patients who did not pass screening criteria (BMI andor neuropsychological testing) to undergo surgical procedure aimed at reducing weight (grastrectomy, bypass, other...) will follow a 6-month period of FMD followed by 6-month period of routinary eating behaviour (Group A) or viceversa (Group B).

All the patients will undergo - before and after the administration of FMD or the routinary diet habit - a battery of:

  • Olfactory test (sniffin' stick test)
  • Taste Test (Taste strips)
  • Blood Samples including: IGF-1, IGFBP1/3, VEGF, insulin, adiponectin, c reactive protein, plasma ghrelin, serum glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, uraemia, serum creatinine and leptin.
  • anthropometeric measures, including height and body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), estimation of fat mass (FM, in % and Kg), skeletal muscle mass (MM, in % and Kg) and grade of visceral fat (VF level)
02

Conditions studied

  • Diet, Healthy
  • Obesity
  • Olfaction Disorders

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03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • subjects excluded from bariatric surgical treatment for failing to neuropsychological tests or for co-morbidities that would excessively increase the intra-operative and/or
  • non-responders to any previous dietary / nutritional treatment
  • BMI > 25

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Subjects under the age of 18 and over 75 years.
  • Subjects already undergoing bariatric surgical treatment
  • Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
  • Hormonal therapies and / or chemotherapy in place
  • Active mental or psychiatric illness
  • Addiction to drugs of abuse or alcohol
  • other acute or chronic systemic disorders
  • Severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure> 200 mm Hg and / or diastolic blood pressure> 105 mm Hg)
  • Visual impairment (for completion of neuropsychological tests)
  • Inability to complete home FMD
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
102 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Group A

    Diet followed by routine eating

    Dietary Supplement: Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) · Dietary Supplement: Routinary diet habits

  • Experimental
    Group B

    Routine eating followed by diet

    Dietary Supplement: Fasting Mimicking Diet (FMD) · Dietary Supplement: Routinary diet habits

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementFasting Mimicking Diet (FMD)

    The treatment consists in the self-administration of FMD at home - closely followed by the neuropsychologist by phone and by a properly trained nutritionist in the FMD sector - for 5 days a month for 6 consecutive months.

  • Dietary supplementRoutinary diet habits

    Subjects will follow their routinary eating habits for 6 consecutive months

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Sniffing stick test change

    Quantitative screening of olfactory performance

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  2. Taste Strips

    Quantitative assessment of taste performance

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    serum glucose

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  2. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    Serum/plasma growth factors: IGF-1

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  3. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    Serum/plasma growth factors: IGFBP1/3

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  4. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    Serum/plasma growth factors: insulin

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  5. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    Serum/plasma growth factors: VEGF

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  6. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    plasma ghrelin.

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  7. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    Serum/plasma inflammatory markers: adiponectin

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  8. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    Serum/plasma inflammatory markers: c reactive protein

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  9. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    alanine aminotransferase

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  10. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    aspartate aminotransferase

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  11. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    total cholesterol

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  12. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    triglycerides

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  13. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    high density lipoprotein cholesterol

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  14. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  15. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    erythrocyte sedimentation rate

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  16. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  17. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    uraemia

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  18. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    serum creatinine

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  19. Incidence of abnormal laboratory tests results

    leptin

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  20. anthropometric measures

    height

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  21. anthropometric measures

    weight

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  22. anthropometric measures

    body mass index

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  23. anthropometric measures

    waist circumference

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  24. anthropometric measures

    estimation of fat mass

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  25. anthropometric measures

    estimation of skeletal muscle mass

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

  26. anthropometric measures

    estimation of grade of visceral fat

    Time frame: From date of randomization until the date of first documented progression, assessed at the 6th and 12 months

06

Study locations

1 site
  • University of Rome Tor Vergata - UNITER Onlus
    Roma, Rome 00012, Italy
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Cameron JD, Goldfield GS, Doucet E. Fasting for 24 h improves nasal chemosensory performance and food palatability in a related manner. Appetite. 2012 Jun;58(3):978-81. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.02.050. Epub 2012 Mar 2. PubMed 22387713 ↗
  • Palouzier-Paulignan B, Lacroix MC, Aime P, Baly C, Caillol M, Congar P, Julliard AK, Tucker K, Fadool DA. Olfaction under metabolic influences. Chem Senses. 2012 Nov;37(9):769-97. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjs059. Epub 2012 Jul 25. PubMed 22832483 ↗
  • Pager J, Giachetti I, Holley A, Le Magnen J. A selective control of olfactory bulb electrical activity in relation to food deprivation and satiety in rats. Physiol Behav. 1972 Oct;9(4):573-9. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(72)90014-5. No abstract available. PubMed 4670856 ↗
  • Tong J, Mannea E, Aime P, Pfluger PT, Yi CX, Castaneda TR, Davis HW, Ren X, Pixley S, Benoit S, Julliard K, Woods SC, Horvath TL, Sleeman MM, D'Alessio D, Obici S, Frank R, Tschop MH. Ghrelin enhances olfactory sensitivity and exploratory sniffing in rodents and humans. J Neurosci. 2011 Apr 13;31(15):5841-6. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5680-10.2011. PubMed 21490225 ↗
  • Tschop M, Weyer C, Tataranni PA, Devanarayan V, Ravussin E, Heiman ML. Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity. Diabetes. 2001 Apr;50(4):707-9. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.50.4.707. PubMed 11289032 ↗
  • English PJ, Ghatei MA, Malik IA, Bloom SR, Wilding JP. Food fails to suppress ghrelin levels in obese humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2984. doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.6.8738. PubMed 12050284 ↗
  • Meyer-Gerspach AC, Wolnerhanssen B, Beglinger B, Nessenius F, Napitupulu M, Schulte FH, Steinert RE, Beglinger C. Gastric and intestinal satiation in obese and normal weight healthy people. Physiol Behav. 2014 Apr 22;129:265-71. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.043. Epub 2014 Feb 28. PubMed 24582673 ↗
  • Stafford LD, Welbeck K. High hunger state increases olfactory sensitivity to neutral but not food odors. Chem Senses. 2011 Jan;36(2):189-98. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjq114. Epub 2010 Oct 26. PubMed 20978137 ↗
  • Goldstone AP, Prechtl CG, Scholtz S, Miras AD, Chhina N, Durighel G, Deliran SS, Beckmann C, Ghatei MA, Ashby DR, Waldman AD, Gaylinn BD, Thorner MO, Frost GS, Bloom SR, Bell JD. Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jun;99(6):1319-30. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.075291. Epub 2014 Apr 23. PubMed 24760977 ↗
  • Wei M, Brandhorst S, Shelehchi M, Mirzaei H, Cheng CW, Budniak J, Groshen S, Mack WJ, Guen E, Di Biase S, Cohen P, Morgan TE, Dorff T, Hong K, Michalsen A, Laviano A, Longo VD. Fasting-mimicking diet and markers/risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Sci Transl Med. 2017 Feb 15;9(377):eaai8700. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai8700. PubMed 28202779 ↗
08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04529161
Lead sponsor
Uniter Onlus
Collaborators
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Aug 27, 2020
Start date
Oct 1, 2020
Primary completion
Oct 30, 2022
Completion
Oct 30, 2022
Last update
Mar 12, 2024

Study contacts

Marco Alessandrini, MD
principal investigator · University of Rome Tor Vergata

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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