ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT04325815CADDIEUpdated Feb 19, 2025Results posted

CADDIE Trial - Computer Aided Diagnosis and Detection for Intelligent Endoscopy

An observational study in Polyps, Adenoma Colon and Colorectal Polyp, sponsored by University College, London. Completed at 1 site in United Kingdom. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-02-19.

Sponsored by University College, London · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
739
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Background:

Colonoscopy is accepted to be the gold standard for screening of colorectal cancer (CRC). Most CRCs develop from adenomatous polyps, with colonoscopy accepted to be the gold standard for screening of CRC. An endoscopist's ability to detect polyps is assessed in the form of an Adenoma Detection Rate (ADR). Each 1.0% increase in ADR is associated with a 3.0% decrease in the risk of the patient developing an interval CRC. There remains a wide variation in endoscopist ADR.

More recently, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer aided diagnosis in endoscopy has been gaining increasing attention for its role in automated lesion detection and characterisation. AI can potentially improve ADR, but previous AI related work has largely focused on retrospectively assessing still endoscopic images and selected video sequences which may be subject to bias and lack clinical utility. There are only limited clinical studies evaluating the effect of AI in improving ADR.

The CADDIE device uses convolutional neural networks developed for computer assisted detection and computer assisted diagnosis of polyps.

Primary objective: To determine whether the CADDIE artificial intelligence system improves endoscopic detection of adenomas during colonoscopy.

Primary endpoint: The difference in adenoma detection rate (ADR) between the intervention (supported with the CADDIE system) and non-intervention arm

Study design: Multi-Centre, open-label, randomised, prospective trial to assess efficacy and safety of the CADDIE artificial intelligence system for improving endoscopic detection of colonic polyps in real-time.

02

Conditions studied

  • Polyps
  • Adenoma Colon
  • Colorectal Polyp
  • Colon Polyp

Keywords

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Endoscopy
  • ADR
03

In context

Polyps

389 studies on the registry are indexed under Polyps; 59 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 739 is above the median of 272 across 129 observational studies indexed under Polyps.

Browse Polyps studies →

Lead sponsor

University College, London is the lead sponsor of 647 studies on the registry; 145 are open to participants now.

Of its 6 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 2 (33%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Study population will include patient's scheduled to undergo a surveillance or symptomatic colonoscopy at the participating sites.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Patient's scheduled to undergo a surveillance or symptomatic colonoscopy with an endoscopist participating in the study phase of the trial.
  • Male and female participants aged 18 years or older at the time of informed consent.
  • Patient's able to comprehend, sign and date the written informed consent document to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Emergency colonoscopies and/or inpatient colonoscopies.
  • Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
  • Patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
  • Patients with previous CRC
  • Patients with previous colonic resection
  • Patients returning for a planned elective therapeutic colonoscopy.
  • Polyposis syndromes
  • Current or relevant history of a physical or psychiatric illness or any medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator could affect the patient's safety or interfere with the study assessments
  • Patients with a contraindication for biopsy or polypectomy. These include:

    • Patients who have not withheld medications pre-disposing to bleeding at time of colonoscopy as per local site /national guidelines 30.
    • Patients with a history of haemostasis disorders (Haemostasis disorders will include but will not be limited to: patients with haemophilia or other congenitally acquired clotting factor deficiencies, patients with cirrhosis with coagulopathy, patients known to have thrombocytopenia (\<80,000 platelet/ul) and individuals with Von Willebrand's disease or other known platelet malfunction disorders).
  • Patients is enrolled in another research study with an investigational medicinal product (IMP) or non-IMP that pre-disposes them to bleeding
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
739 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • CADDIE

    The endoscopist will be assisted with CADDIE system to detect polyps. The endoscopist will perform optical diagnosis of polyps with the assistance of the CADDIE's polyp characterisation function.

    Device: CADDIE- Computer Aided (AI) Device used in Endoscopy

  • Standard Procedure

    In addition to routine colonoscopy the endoscopist will perform optical diagnosis of detected polyps without the assistance of the CADDIE.

Interventions

  • DeviceCADDIE- Computer Aided (AI) Device used in Endoscopy

    1. CADDIE assisted polyp detection 2. CADDIE assisted polyp characterisation

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. To Evaluate Whether Using the CADDIE System Improves Endoscopist Detection of Adenomas During Colonoscopy.

    The difference in endoscopist ADR between the intervention (CADDIE system) and non-intervention arm.

    Time frame: 30 days

Secondary outcomes

  1. Evaluate the Difference in Number of Adenomas Detected Per Colonoscopy Between Intervention and Non-intervention Arm

    Compare the difference in the number of adenomas detected per colonoscopy between the intervention and non-intervention arm

    Time frame: 30 days

  2. To Determine Whether the CADDIE Artificial Intelligence System Improves Endoscopic Detection of All Polyps During Colonoscopy

    Polyp Detection Rate (including proximal polyp detection rate) in the interventional group compared to the control group. \- Mean number of polyps detected per colonoscopy in the interventional group compared to the control group.

    Time frame: 30 days

  3. Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis of Diminutive Polyps When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)

    Compare the accuracy of CADDIE against human endoscopist (high confidence diagnoses) for the optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps. Accuracy is defined as true positive and true negative divided by diagnoses total polyps that were optically diagnosed with high confidence.

    Time frame: 30 days

  4. Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis to Assign Colonoscopy Surveillance Intervals When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)

    Compare the accuracy of using CADDIE's optical diagnosis to assign surveillance colonoscopy intervals against using human endoscopist optical diagnosis (high confidence diagnoses) for assigning surveillance colonoscopy intervals.

    Time frame: 30 days

  5. Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis of Diminutive Rectal Polyps When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)

    Compare the accuracy of CADDIE against human endoscopist (high confidence diagnoses) for the optical diagnosis of diminutive rectal polyps.

    Time frame: 30 days

  6. Evaluate the Safety of the CADDIE by Recording Occurrence and Severity of Adverse Events.

    Safety of the device will be assessed through monitoring of adverse events for 30 days' post-procedure. Adverse events are defined as: * Abdominal pain/discomfort. * Abdominal bloating. * Sedation related aspiration. * Bleeding risk. * Perforation. * Post polypectomy electrocoagulation syndrome. * Infection.

    Time frame: 30 days

  7. Assess Patient Anxiety During the Colonoscopy

    Patient response to the question 'How anxious or calm were you during the colonoscopy?' assessed by Likert Scale with 5 options - 1 (Very anxious), 2 (Somewhat anxious), 3 (Neither Anxious nor calm), 4 (Somewhat calm), 5 (Very calm).

    Time frame: 30 days

07

Results

Posted Feb 19, 2025

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneCADDIEStandard Procedure
Started368371
Completed306309
Not completed6262

Outcome measures

PrimaryTo Evaluate Whether Using the CADDIE System Improves Endoscopist Detection of Adenomas During Colonoscopy.

The difference in endoscopist ADR between the intervention (CADDIE system) and non-intervention arm.

Time frame:
30 days
Reported as:
Number · ADR (% of participants)
To Evaluate Whether Using the CADDIE System Improves Endoscopist Detection of Adenomas During Colonoscopy.
ADR (% of participants)CADDIEStandard Procedure
To Evaluate Whether Using the CADDIE System Improves Endoscopist Detection of Adenomas During Colonoscopy.33.3025.20
SecondaryEvaluate the Difference in Number of Adenomas Detected Per Colonoscopy Between Intervention and Non-intervention Arm

Compare the difference in the number of adenomas detected per colonoscopy between the intervention and non-intervention arm

Time frame:
30 days
Reported as:
Mean · Adenomas per colonoscopy
Evaluate the Difference in Number of Adenomas Detected Per Colonoscopy Between Intervention and Non-intervention Arm
Adenomas per colonoscopyCADDIEStandard Procedure
Evaluate the Difference in Number of Adenomas Detected Per Colonoscopy Between Intervention and Non-intervention Arm0.66 ± 1.440.42 ± 0.98
SecondaryTo Determine Whether the CADDIE Artificial Intelligence System Improves Endoscopic Detection of All Polyps During Colonoscopy

Polyp Detection Rate (including proximal polyp detection rate) in the interventional group compared to the control group. \- Mean number of polyps detected per colonoscopy in the interventional group compared to the control group.

Time frame:
30 days
Reported as:
Mean · PPC
To Determine Whether the CADDIE Artificial Intelligence System Improves Endoscopic Detection of All Polyps During Colonoscopy
PPCCADDIEStandard Procedure
To Determine Whether the CADDIE Artificial Intelligence System Improves Endoscopic Detection of All Polyps During Colonoscopy0.87 ± 1.590.63 ± 1.24
SecondaryCompare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis of Diminutive Polyps When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)

Compare the accuracy of CADDIE against human endoscopist (high confidence diagnoses) for the optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps. Accuracy is defined as true positive and true negative divided by diagnoses total polyps that were optically diagnosed with high confidence.

Time frame:
30 days
Reported as:
Number · % of adenomas correctly diagnosed
Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis of Diminutive Polyps When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)
% of adenomas correctly diagnosedCADDIEStandard Procedure
Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis of Diminutive Polyps When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)87.5 (77.6 to 94.1)76.7 (64.3 to 86.2)
SecondaryCompare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis to Assign Colonoscopy Surveillance Intervals When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)

Compare the accuracy of using CADDIE's optical diagnosis to assign surveillance colonoscopy intervals against using human endoscopist optical diagnosis (high confidence diagnoses) for assigning surveillance colonoscopy intervals.

Time frame:
30 days
Reported as:
Number · % pts with correct surveillance interval
Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis to Assign Colonoscopy Surveillance Intervals When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)
% pts with correct surveillance intervalCADDIEStandard Procedure
Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis to Assign Colonoscopy Surveillance Intervals When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)90.987.2
SecondaryCompare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis of Diminutive Rectal Polyps When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)

Compare the accuracy of CADDIE against human endoscopist (high confidence diagnoses) for the optical diagnosis of diminutive rectal polyps.

Time frame:
30 days
Reported as:
Number · % of adenomas correctly diagnosed
Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis of Diminutive Rectal Polyps When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)
% of adenomas correctly diagnosedCADDIEStandard Procedure
Compare the Accuracy of Endoscopist Optical Diagnosis of Diminutive Rectal Polyps When Using the CADDIE System (Intervention Arm) Compared to Without the CADDIE System (Control Arm)73.3 (44.9 to 92.2)53.3 (26.6 to 78.7)
SecondaryEvaluate the Safety of the CADDIE by Recording Occurrence and Severity of Adverse Events.

Safety of the device will be assessed through monitoring of adverse events for 30 days' post-procedure. Adverse events are defined as: * Abdominal pain/discomfort. * Abdominal bloating. * Sedation related aspiration. * Bleeding risk. * Perforation. * Post polypectomy electrocoagulation syndrome. * Infection.

Time frame:
30 days
Reported as:
Number · AE/SAE
Evaluate the Safety of the CADDIE by Recording Occurrence and Severity of Adverse Events.
AE/SAECADDIEStandard Procedure
Evaluate the Safety of the CADDIE by Recording Occurrence and Severity of Adverse Events.1514
SecondaryAssess Patient Anxiety During the Colonoscopy

Patient response to the question 'How anxious or calm were you during the colonoscopy?' assessed by Likert Scale with 5 options - 1 (Very anxious), 2 (Somewhat anxious), 3 (Neither Anxious nor calm), 4 (Somewhat calm), 5 (Very calm).

Time frame:
30 days
Reported as:
Mean · score on a scale
Assess Patient Anxiety During the Colonoscopy
score on a scaleCADDIEStandard Procedure
Assess Patient Anxiety During the Colonoscopy2.989 ± 1.1933.061 ± 1.241

Adverse events

Collected over Adverse events were recorded for 30 days post-procedure. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
CADDIE2/368 (0.5%)5/368 (1.4%)10/368 (2.7%)
Standard Procedure0/371 (0%)1/371 (0.3%)13/371 (3.5%)
Most frequent serious events
Most frequent serious events
EventCADDIEStandard Procedure
Re-admission due to fall, mechnical injuryMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders1/3681/371
Operation unrelated to study design/study deviceSurgical and medical procedures1/3680/371
Gastrointestinal disorder unrelated to study deviceGastrointestinal disorders1/3680/371
Death due to underlying cardiovascular diseaseCardiac disorders1/3680/371
Death due to index diagnosis of malignancy unrelated to study design/ study deviceGeneral disorders1/3680/371
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 11
Most frequent other events
EventCADDIEStandard Procedure
Gastrointestinal disorder unrelated to study deviceGastrointestinal disorders2/3687/371
Shortness of BreathRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders2/3681/371
Mechanical Injury unrelated to study design/ study deviceMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders1/3682/371
New diagnosis Prostate cancerRenal and urinary disorders1/3680/371
HeadacheNervous system disorders1/3680/371
Electrolyte abnormalityInvestigations1/3680/371
DizzinessNervous system disorders1/3680/371
PyelonephritisRenal and urinary disorders1/3680/371
Irregular heart beatCardiac disorders0/3681/371
Facial painNervous system disorders0/3681/371

Baseline characteristics

Age, Categorical
Age, Categorical(Participants)CADDIEStandard ProcedureTotal
<=18 years000
Between 18 and 65 years176201377
>=65 years130108238
Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)CADDIEStandard ProcedureTotal
Mean59.4 ± 14.758.0 ± 14.858.7 ± 14.7
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)CADDIEStandard ProcedureTotal
Female159156315
Male147153300
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants)CADDIEStandard ProcedureTotal
Ethnicity/Race — White British/Irish226247473
Ethnicity/Race — White European211637
Ethnicity/Race — Mixed race325
Ethnicity/Race — South East Asian241135
Ethnicity/Race — Asian Chinese325
Ethnicity/Race — Asian Other639
Ethnicity/Race — Black41115
Ethnicity/Race — Jewish112
Ethnicity/Race — Arab5611
Ethnicity/Race — Other131023
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)CADDIEStandard ProcedureTotal
United Kingdom306309615
08

Study locations

1 site
  • University College London
    London, United Kingdom
09

References and documents

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Dec 5, 2022

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Patients will be asked informed consent with the possibility to share the data

Time frame: Data will be made available from 1 year after the trial findings are published. This is available for up to 5 years after study completion.

Access criteria: We will make provision for and consider data sharing requests from bona fide researchers who must abide by the following principles: data will be collected with an high level of quality assurance, data will be held securely with appropriate documentation, data will not be put into the public domain or otherwise shared without explicit ethical review or legal obligation, and they will aim to use any data generated to the maximum public good. These datasets are governed by data usage policies specified by the data controller (UCL). If a conflict exists that severely restricts the analyses that can be undertaken, we would endeavour to support outside researchers by hosting them as visiting workers in our team so that they can access the data. We are committed to complying with the Wellcome Trust Data Sharing Policy. Applications are subject to review by Prof Lovat and Rawen Kader and should be emailed to l.lovat@ucl.ac.uk

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Apr 2021 to primary completion in Mar 2023, 22 months.

Results were first posted in Feb 2025, 1 year 11 months after primary completion.

Of 65 non-industry observational studies under Polyps, half reached primary completion within 16 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 36. This study's 22 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 72 studies reached it within 18 months; a quarter within 11 and three quarters within 36.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Mar 11, 2020
First posted
Mar 30, 2020
StartActual
Apr 29, 2021
Primary completionActual
Mar 8, 2023
CompletionActual
Mar 8, 2023
Results first posted
Feb 19, 2025
Last update
Feb 19, 2025
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Feb 19, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04325815
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Mar 30, 2020
Start date
Apr 29, 2021
Primary completion
Mar 8, 2023
Completion
Mar 8, 2023
Results posted
Feb 19, 2025
Last update
Feb 19, 2025

Study contacts

Manish Chand, MBBS FRCS PhD
principal investigator · UCL

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Feb 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion