ClinicalTrials.gg
Status unknownNCT04212754GNOSUpdated Dec 30, 2019

Management and Outcomes Following Emergency Surgery for Traumatic Brain Injury

An observational study in Traumatic Brain Injury, Head Injury and Brain Injuries, sponsored by University of Cambridge. Status unknown at 1 site in United Kingdom. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-12-30.

Sponsored by University of Cambridge · Observational

The sponsor has not verified this record recently (last verified Dec 2019), so the status shown — last known as Recruiting — may be out of date.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
1,000
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Primary aim:

The primary aim of the study is to compare survival to discharge (or survival to 14 days post-operatively, whichever comes first) following emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury (TBI) across Human Development Index settings.

Primary outcome measure:

The primary outcome measure will be survival to discharge (or survival to 14 days post-operatively, whichever comes first)

Primary comparison:

Between country groups defined by human development index.

Centre eligibility:

Any hospital or clinic worldwide performing emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury is eligible to participate.

Patient eligibility:

All adult and paediatric patients admitted to the participating institution with a traumatic brain injury for which they receive emergency surgery during the selected 30-day inclusion period are eligible for inclusion in the study.

Team:

Individual hospital teams with up to four people, collecting data for 30 days.

Time period:

Local study teams may select any 30-day period from the 1st of November 2018 and the 31st of December 2019 to start their study. Patients operated on who meet the inclusion criteria between 00:01 on day 0 and 23:59 on day 30 of the selected study period will be included.

Validation:

We will employ a method of data validation in every centre that will give us a quantitative estimate of case ascertainment that is feasible even in low-resource centres.

02

Conditions studied

  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Head Injury
  • Brain Injuries
  • Brain Trauma
  • Brain Injuries, Traumatic
  • Head Injury Trauma
03

In context

Brain Injuries, Traumatic

1,818 studies on the registry are indexed under Brain Injuries, Traumatic; 460 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 1,000 is above the median of 119 across 579 observational studies indexed under Brain Injuries, Traumatic.

Browse Brain Injuries, Traumatic studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Cambridge is the lead sponsor of 115 studies on the registry; 23 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Consecutive patients undergoing emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Centre Inclusion Criteria:

Any hospital or clinic worldwide performing emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury is eligible to participate. In the majority of institutions, emergency surgery for TBI is provided by neurosurgeons - however, centres in which emergency surgery for TBI is provided general surgeons, trauma surgeons, general medical doctors or even non-physician clinicians are also eligible to participate.

Inclusion criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

- All adult and paediatric patients admitted to the participating institution with a traumatic brain injury for which they receive emergency surgery during the selected 30-day inclusion period are eligible for inclusion in the study.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients who only have an external ventricular drain or intraparenchymal wire (or other monitoring device) inserted for the diagnosis and/or management of intracranial hypertension.
  • Patients who undergo procedures for chronic subdural haematoma(s), including burr holes or mini-craniotomies.
  • Elective (planned admission) or semi-elective (where patient initially admitted as an emergency, then discharged from hospital, and re-admitted at later time for surgery) procedures.
  • Patients who have previously had emergency cranial surgery for traumatic brain injury rendering them eligible for inclusion in this study (regardless of whether they were included)
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
1,000 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Procedure: Emergency surgery for traumatic brain injury

    Other: Exposure: human development index of country

Interventions

  • OtherExposure: human development index of country

    Primary comparison: Between country groups defined by human development index.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. In-hospital mortality (or 14 day mortality, whichever comes first)

    Time frame: Up until hospital discharge, death or 14 days postoperatively, whichever comes first

Secondary outcomes

  1. Perioperative complications: Return to operating theatre

    Including reason for return.

    Time frame: Up until hospital discharge, death or 14 days postoperatively, whichever comes first

  2. Perioperative complications: Surgical site infection (SSI)

    SSI is stratified into superficial and deep/organ space infection.

    Time frame: Up until hospital discharge, death or 14 days postoperatively, whichever comes first

  3. Length of stay in hospital (days)

    Time frame: Up until hospital discharge, death or 14 days postoperatively, whichever comes first

  4. Length of stay in intensive care (days)

    For patients admitted to intensive care.

    Time frame: Up until hospital discharge, death or 14 days postoperatively, whichever comes first

  5. Glasgow Coma Score at discharge/end of follow up period

    3-15, 3 signifies no eye opening, verbal response or motor response to painful stimulus, 15 signifies no impairment to consciousness. For patients surviving to discharge and/or 14 days postoperatively.

    Time frame: At hospital discharge 14 days postoperatively, whichever comes first

  6. Location that the patient was discharged to

    For patients surviving to discharge and discharged within 14 days post-operatively. Categorical variable for which the options are 'transfer to another hospital', 'transfer to rehabilitation unit', 'usual place of residence' and 'absconded'. A surrogate measure of short term functional outcome.

    Time frame: Within 14 days post-operatively, only applies to patients who are discharged within this time period.

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Menon AA, Clark D, Bath MF, Venturini S, Bashir M, Joannides A, Adeleye AO, Bajamal AH, Biluts H, Budohoski K, Ercole A, Fernandez-Mendez R, Figaji A, Gupta D, Hartl R, Iaccarino C, Khan T, Laeke T, Rubiano AM, Shabani HK, Sichizya K, Tewari M, Tirsit A, Thu M, Tripathi M, Trivedi R, Devi BI, Servadei F, Menon D, Kolias A, Bashford T, Hutchinson P; Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study collaborative. Outlining the global variation in resources for traumatic brain injury care: site-level data from the Global Neurotrauma Outcomes Study (GNOS). BMJ Glob Health. 2026 Apr 28;11(4):e023154. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2025-023154. PubMed 42049390 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — After publication of the main results, the pooled dataset will be available to all members of the GNOS collaboration for secondary analysis, after judgement and approval of each proposed analysis by the central study team.

Supporting information: Study protocol

Time frame: After publication of the main results.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 30, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT04212754
Responsible party
David Clark (Clinical Research Fellow in Global Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge) — Principal investigator
First posted
Dec 30, 2019
Start date
Nov 1, 2018
Primary completion
Feb 13, 2020 (estimated)
Completion
Feb 29, 2020 (estimated)
Last update
Dec 30, 2019

Study contacts

David Clark
Contact
gnos@globalneurotrauma.com
+441223336946
David Clark
principal investigator · University of Cambridge
Peter Hutchinson
principal investigator · University of Cambridge
Alexis Joannides
principal investigator · University of Cambridge
Angelos Kolias
principal investigator · University of Cambridge

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is status unknown, as verified in Dec 2019. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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