An interventional study of Comunică and Education Attention Control in Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Risk Reduction and Alcohol Abuse, sponsored by Columbia University. Completed at 1 site in Romania. Open to male participants aged 16 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-09-15.
Sponsored by Columbia University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
The purpose of this research study is to provide help and support for mental health and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk reduction among Romanian gay and bisexual men.
GBM will participate in this study using mobile device (phones, tablets, or laptops) and will complete several confidential surveys and 8 confidential one-hour sessions, either with a trained counselor via chat or by reading about health information. This study also involves testing for HIV, syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea.
This project is designed to remedy unaddressed and interlocking HIV-prevention and mental health needs among gay and bisexual men (GBM) in the Central Eastern European country of Romania, and their underpinning stigma-related mechanisms. Rampant stigma contributes to the increasing prevalence of HIV among Romanian GBM (from under 10% in 2009 to close to 20% in 2014, by best available estimates) and keeps GBM out-of-reach of HIV-prevention services. An mHealth pilot intervention (titled "Despre Mine. Despre Noi." (DMDN) translated as "About Me. About Us."), which reduced Romanian GBM's risk for HIV infection while also reducing depression and alcohol abuse in an initial pre-post trial, is now ready for testing in a randomized controlled trial with a large national sample in the current study, entitled Comunică (translation: Communicate).
The Comunică intervention entails eight 60-minute live chat sessions delivered by trained counselors on a mobile study platform using motivational interviewing (MI) and cognitive-behavioral skills training (CBST). First, during pre-trial (months 1-5), in collaboration with a community advisory board consisting of GBM community members, GBM-affirmative physical and mental health providers, and a technical developer, the investigators will fine-tune the Comunică intervention based on the investigators' pilot findings and evaluation interviews, and expand the original DMDN education materials for an education attention condition (EAC) that will serve as control. Second, during the intervention phase (mos 6-45), the investigators will recruit, screen, assess, and randomize GBM at risk for HIV infection and alcohol abuse to either the Comunică intervention (n=163) or EAC (n=163). The conditions are content matched, and both are hosted on the study platform. While Comunică will consist of eight weekly mHealth live chat sessions, EAC will consist of eight self-administered educational modules. Third, during the follow-up phase (mos 8-55), the investigators will assess at 4, 8, and 12 months post-baseline, in a mobile fashion identical to the baseline, the primary outcome of condomless anal sex with male partners and secondary outcomes of alcohol abuse, depression, biologic HIV/STI infection, HIV/STI testing, and psychosocial mechanisms rooted in the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model (e.g., HIV/STI knowledge, condom use self-efficacy) and minority stress theory (e.g., identity concealment, internalized homophobia).
3,035 studies on the registry are indexed under Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; 306 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 300 is above the median of 96 across 2,251 interventional studies indexed under Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
Browse Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome studies →Columbia University is the lead sponsor of 1,136 studies on the registry; 195 are open to participants now.
Of its 180 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 148 (82%) have results posted.
Compared within Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the registry's first condition term, which may not be this study's main condition. Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily. How we classify →
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Gay and bisexual men (GMB) will be eligible if they report:
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus, which weakens the immune system.
Many studies now accept people whose HIV is controlled on treatment, judged by the viral load and the CD4 count. Check the limits this study sets.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Comunică is delivered over eight 60-min live chat sessions, delivered by trained psychologists, on our mHealth study platform compatible with any mobile device (laptops, smartphones).
Behavioral: Comunică
The EAC condition consists of eight self-administered modularized topics, content-matched with the Comunică sessions, which we have generated based on our HIV-prevention education with GBM in the US and Romania.Topics include 1) GBM identity, 2) "HIV 101," 3) HIV/STI testing, 4) alcohol and the body, 5) the role of alcohol in HIV risk, 6) HIV-status disclosure and sexual health communication, 7) finding social supports, and 8) summary. EAC participants will receive five quiz questions after each module, with correct answers in a following screen.
Other: Education Attention Control
Comunică is based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of health behavior change, which postulates that individuals must possess the requisite information for enacting sexual health, motivation to change their HIV risk and alcohol use, and behavioral skills necessary for reducing their risk. Therefore, Comunică includes MI to provide accurate information about HIV transmission, alcohol abuse, and local GBM-affirmative health resources and build motivation to improve behavioral skills (via CBST). CBST is a therapeutic approach used in the treatment of various behavioral problems, such as alcohol abuse and depression and more recently HIV risk. CBST can help modify cognitions driving unhealthy behaviors, promote awareness of contextual triggers and unhealthy behavioral patterns, and teach coping skills to improve health. Comunică also draws upon minority stress theory recognizing that stigmatizing societal contexts compromise health behavior.
The EAC condition consists of eight self-administered modularized topics, content-matched with the Comunică sessions, which we have generated based on our HIV-prevention education with GBM in the US and Romania.
Number of Self-reported Condomless Anal Sex (CAS) Acts in the Last 30 Days
Timeline Followback for Online Use (TLFB), which assesses sexual behavior (condomless anal sex acts) in the past month. It collects retrospective day-level data and has been validated for online self-administration.
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Number of Self-reported Days With Heavy Alcohol Use in the Last 30 Days
The Timeline Followback for Online Use (TLFB) tool will also ask participants to report occasions of heavy alcohol use (5 or more drinks) alone, and before/during sex, in the previous 30 days.
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C)
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) is a 3-item screening tool use to assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, and alcohol-related problems. Participants will report on standard drinks. The total score range is 0 to 12 (each item is scored 0-4), where an overall score of 4 or more is considered to indicate hazardous or harmful alcohol use. Higher scores indicate more hazardous/harmful alcohol use (i.e., a worse outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a self-report, standardized measure for depressive symptoms. It consists of 20 items in which respondents rate how frequently each item applied to them over the course of the past week. Ratings for each item are based on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0="rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day)" to 3="most or all of the time (5-7 days)". Item scores are summed to obtain an overall score from 0 to 60, where higher scores mean more depressive symptoms (i.e., a worse outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a brief self-report measure of anxiety with a focus on somatic symptoms of anxiety that was developed as a measure adept at discriminating between anxiety and depression. It consists of 21 items and respondents indicate how much they have been bothered by each symptom over the past week. Responses to each item are rated on a 4-point Likert scale and range from 0="not at all" to 3="severely". Item scores are summed to obtain an overall score from 0 to 63, where higher scores indicate more anxiety symptoms (i.e., worse outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on HIV Knowledge Questionnaire
The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire is a 13-item, brief self-report measure of HIV-related knowledge. Respondents read each statement about HIV and indicate whether they think the statement is true or false, or they indicate that they "don't know." Responses are scored 0 (incorrect or unsure) or 1 (correct), and results are summed to obtain the number of statements correctly identified as true or false. The total score ranges from 0 to 13, where a higher score indicates more correct responses (i.e., better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on Alcohol Effects Questionnaire
Alcohol-related knowledge was measured through an 8-item version of a questionnaire featuring 8 true/false statements about alcohol (e.g., "A person cannot become an alcoholic by just drinking beer"). Responses were scored as either 0 (incorrect answer or "I don't know") or 1 (correct answer) and summed to obtain a final score from 0 to 8, where a higher score indicates a more correct responses (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) - Problem Recognition Subscore
The SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) is a 19-item, self-administered instrument designed to assess client motivation to change drinking-related behavior. It is made up of three subscales: Problem Recognition (score range 7 to 35), Ambivalence (score range is 4 to 20), and Taking Steps (score range is 8 to 40). Respondents rate their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale (from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree), and items within each subscale are summed to obtain three subscores. A higher Problem Recognition subscore indicates a higher degree of recognition of one's problems related to their drinking (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) - Ambivalence Subscore
The SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) is a 19-item, self-administered instrument designed to assess client motivation to change drinking-related behavior. It is made up of three subscales: Problem Recognition (score range 7 to 35), Ambivalence (score range is 4 to 20), and Taking Steps (score range is 8 to 40). Respondents rate their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale (from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree), and items within each subscale are summed to obtain three subscores. A higher Ambivalence subscore indicates a higher degree of ambivalence (e.g., openness to reflection) related to their drinking (as opposed to unawareness) (i.e., higher scores mean a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) - Taking Steps Subscore
The SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) is a 19-item, self-administered instrument designed to assess client motivation to change drinking-related behavior. It is made up of three subscales: Problem Recognition (score range 7 to 35), Ambivalence (score range is 4 to 20), and Taking Steps (score range is 8 to 40). Respondents rate their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale (from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree), and items within each subscale are summed to obtain three subscores. A higher Taking Steps subscore indicates the individual is making attempts to change their drinking (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Decisional Balance (Motivation to Use Condoms): Importance of Statements for Sex Without Condoms
The Decisional Balance Scale assesses perceived benefits of sex with and without condoms. Responses to the 18-item scale assessed the benefits (e.g., "Sex without a condom is more spontaneous") and costs (e.g., "I feel guilty after having sex without a condom") of lack of condom use, yielding two subscales. Each participant was asked to rate how important each benefit and cost statement would be when deciding whether to use a condom for anal sex from 1="not at all important" to 5="extremely important"). Responses for each subscore ("Importance of statements for sex without condoms" and "Importance of statements against sex without condoms") are averaged to obtain two final subscores that range from 1 to 5. A higher "Importance of statements for sex without condoms" subscore indicates greater importance assigned to benefits of condomless anal sex (i.e., a worse outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline.
Decisional Balance (Motivation to Use Condoms): Importance of Statements Against Sex Without Condoms
The Decisional Balance Scale assesses perceived benefits of sex with and without condoms. Responses to the 18-item scale assessed the benefits (e.g., "Sex without a condom is more spontaneous") and costs (e.g., "I feel guilty after having sex without a condom") of lack of condom use, yielding two subscales. Each participant was asked to rate how important each benefit and cost statement would be when deciding whether to use a condom for anal sex from 1="not at all important" to 5="extremely important"). Responses for each subscore ("Importance of statements for sex without condoms" and "Importance of statements against sex without condoms") are averaged to obtain two final subscores that range from 1 to 5. A higher "Importance of statements against sex without condoms" subscore indicates greater importance assigned to costs of condomless anal sex (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Self-Efficacy for Safer Sex Questionnaire
The Self-Efficacy for Safer Sex Questionnaire is a 13-item scale that measures behavioral self-efficacy skills to increase condom use. Response options for each item range from 1="not at all confident" to 5="extremely confident" in regards to participants' confidence in avoiding condomless sex and/or negotiating condom use. Item scores are summed to obtain an overall score from 1 to 65, where a higher score indicates greater confidence in avoiding condomless sex (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Confidence in Reducing Alcohol Use (Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire) - Urges/Temptations To Use Subsore
The Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire is a 50-item scale that measures behavioral self-efficacy skills to reduce alcohol use. An abbreviated 15-item version was used, which consists of the following three subscales from the original questionnaire: Urges/Temptations to Use (score range is 5 to 30), Social Pressure to Use (score range is 5 to 30), and Pleasant Times with Others (score range is 5 to 30). Responses to each item are rated from 1="not at all" to 6="completely", representing the level of confidence participants have in resisting alcohol use in each situation. Item scores within each subscale are summed to obtain the three subscores ranging from 5-30. A higher Urges/Temptations To Use subscore reflects greater confidence in resisting alcohol use when experiencing urges/temptations to use it (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 month post-baseline.
Confidence in Reducing Alcohol Use (Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire) - Social Pressure To Use Subscore
The Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire is a 50-item scale that measures behavioral self-efficacy skills to reduce alcohol use. An abbreviated 15-item version was used, which consists of the following three subscales from the original questionnaire: Urges/Temptations to Use (score range is 5 to 30), Social Pressure to Use (score range is 5 to 30), and Pleasant Times with Others (score range is 5 to 30). Responses to each item are rated from 1="not at all" to 6="completely", representing the level of confidence participants have in resisting alcohol use in each situation. Item scores within each subscale are summed to obtain the three subscores ranging from 5-30. A higher Social Pressure to Use subscore reflects greater confidence in resisting alcohol use when under social pressure to use it (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8-months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline.
Confidence in Reducing Alcohol Use (Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire) - Pleasant Times With Others Subscore
The Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire is a 50-item scale that measures behavioral self-efficacy skills to reduce alcohol use. An abbreviated 15-item version was used, which consists of the following three subscales from the original questionnaire: Urges/Temptations to Use (score range is 5 to 30), Social Pressure to Use (score range is 5 to 30), and Pleasant Times with Others (score range is 5 to 30). Responses to each item are rated from 1="not at all" to 6="completely", representing the level of confidence participants have in resisting alcohol use in each situation. Item scores within each subscale are summed to obtain the three subscores ranging from 5-30. A higher Pleasant Times With Others subscore reflects greater confidence in resisting alcohol use in situations of experiencing pleasant times with others (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on Gay-Related Rejection Sensitivity Scale
The Gay-Related Rejection Sensitivity Scale is used to measure rejection sensitivity around one's sexuality. The scale consists of 14 interpersonal situations in which such rejection may be perceived (e.g., "You bring a male partner to a family reunion. Two of your old-fashioned aunts don't come talk to you even though they see you"), each followed by a question of anxiety (e.g., "How concerned or anxious would you be that they don't talk to you because of your sexual orientation?") and likelihood (e.g., "How likely is it that they didn't talk to you because of your sexual orientation?") of gay-related rejection occurring in this case, each scored from 1="very unconcerned/unlikely" to 6="very concerned/likely". The product of the likelihood and anxiety subscales for each of the 14 items were then averaged together to achieve an overall score. The overall score ranges from 1 to 36, where a higher score indicates greater gay-related rejection sensitivity (i.e., a worse outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on Rathus Assertiveness Schedule
The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule is a 30-item self-report which measure assertive behaviors. The items include statements like "Most people seem to be more aggressive and assertive than I am", "When I am asked to do something, I insist upon knowing why" etc. The responses ranges from -3="very uncharacteristic of me" to 3="very characteristic of me". Items 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 11-17, 19, 23, 24, 26, and 30 are reverse-coded and the resulting 30 items are summed to attain a continuous score from -90 to 90, where a higher score indicates greater assertiveness (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) - Concealment Motivation Subscore
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The concealment motivation subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating a greater degree of motivation to conceal one's sexual minority identity.
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-intervention, 8 months post-intervention, and 12 months post-intervention.
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) - Internalized Homonegativity Subscore
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The internalized homonegative subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating greater internalized homonegativity (i.e., a worse outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) - Acceptance Concerns Subscore
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The acceptance concerns subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating more acceptance concerns (i.e., a worse outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) - Identity Uncertainty Subscore
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The identity uncertainty subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating a greater degree of uncertainty about one's sexual minority identity.
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) - Difficult Process Subscore
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The difficult process subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating the participant has been having a more difficult time accepting their sexual minority identity.
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) - Identity Superiority Subscore
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The identity superiority subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating the participant views people with a sexual minority identity as superior to heterosexual people.
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) - Identity Affirmation Subscore
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The identity affirmation subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating greater pride in one's sexual minority identity (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) - Identity Centrality Subscore
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The identity centrality subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating that one's sexual orientation is more central to one's personal identity.
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on LGBT Victimization Scale
The 10-item version of the LGBT Victimization Scale measures that assesses the frequency of experiences of victimization in the previous 3 months "because you are, or were thought to be, gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender." Items address verbal threats and insults, being chased, having property damaged, and being physically or sexually assaulted. Responses to each item/situation are scored from 0="never" to 3="3 or more times" and summed to obtain an overall score, which ranges from 0 to 30, where a higher score indicates higher frequency of victimization experiences (i.e., a worse outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
Score on Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)
The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is a 12-item self-reported questionnaire designed to measure perceived social support from three sources: family, friends, and a significant other. Responses are scored from 1="very strongly disagree" to 7="very strongly agree" and averaged to obtain a final score that ranges from 1 to 7, where a higher score indicates higher perceived social support (i.e., a better outcome).
Time frame: Measured at baseline, 4 months post-baseline, 8 months post-baseline, and 12 months post-baseline
| Milestone | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 149 | 151 |
| Completed | 149 | 151 |
| Not completed | 0 | 0 |
Timeline Followback for Online Use (TLFB), which assesses sexual behavior (condomless anal sex acts) in the past month. It collects retrospective day-level data and has been validated for online self-administration.
| condomless anal sex acts | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 5.03 ± 5.47 | 6.40 ± 8.33 |
| 4 months | 3.14 ± 7.01 | 2.37 ± 5.02 |
| 8 months | 3.35 ± 6.58 | 2.60 ± 6.72 |
| 12 months | 2.35 ± 4.65 | 3.15 ± 7.43 |
The Timeline Followback for Online Use (TLFB) tool will also ask participants to report occasions of heavy alcohol use (5 or more drinks) alone, and before/during sex, in the previous 30 days.
| days with heavy alcohol use | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 5.74 ± 4.98 | 5.32 ± 4.39 |
| 4 months | 3.85 ± 3.84 | 3.06 ± 4.01 |
| 8 months | 3.25 ± 3.81 | 2.80 ± 4.23 |
| 12 months | 2.78 ± 3.68 | 2.48 ± 3.90 |
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) is a 3-item screening tool use to assess alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, and alcohol-related problems. Participants will report on standard drinks. The total score range is 0 to 12 (each item is scored 0-4), where an overall score of 4 or more is considered to indicate hazardous or harmful alcohol use. Higher scores indicate more hazardous/harmful alcohol use (i.e., a worse outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 5.14 ± 2.07 | 5.10 ± 2.03 |
| 4 months | 4.24 ± 2.00 | 4.20 ± 2.14 |
| 8 months | 4.05 ± 2.03 | 3.86 ± 1.99 |
| 12 months | 3.94 ± 2.06 | 3.75 ± 1.88 |
Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a self-report, standardized measure for depressive symptoms. It consists of 20 items in which respondents rate how frequently each item applied to them over the course of the past week. Ratings for each item are based on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0="rarely or none of the time (less than 1 day)" to 3="most or all of the time (5-7 days)". Item scores are summed to obtain an overall score from 0 to 60, where higher scores mean more depressive symptoms (i.e., a worse outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 22.06 ± 10.91 | 21.44 ± 13.83 |
| 4 months | 17.30 ± 10.32 | 18.66 ± 11.96 |
| 8 months | 17.80 ± 12.50 | 17.90 ± 12.25 |
| 12 months | 16.82 ± 12.02 | 16.64 ± 11.83 |
Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a brief self-report measure of anxiety with a focus on somatic symptoms of anxiety that was developed as a measure adept at discriminating between anxiety and depression. It consists of 21 items and respondents indicate how much they have been bothered by each symptom over the past week. Responses to each item are rated on a 4-point Likert scale and range from 0="not at all" to 3="severely". Item scores are summed to obtain an overall score from 0 to 63, where higher scores indicate more anxiety symptoms (i.e., worse outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 15.20 ± 9.80 | 15.64 ± 10.04 |
| 4 months | 10.73 ± 8.93 | 11.64 ± 9.69 |
| 8 months | 9.55 ± 9.53 | 11.02 ± 10.51 |
| 12 months | 9.98 ± 9.91 | 9.94 ± 9.98 |
The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire is a 13-item, brief self-report measure of HIV-related knowledge. Respondents read each statement about HIV and indicate whether they think the statement is true or false, or they indicate that they "don't know." Responses are scored 0 (incorrect or unsure) or 1 (correct), and results are summed to obtain the number of statements correctly identified as true or false. The total score ranges from 0 to 13, where a higher score indicates more correct responses (i.e., better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 10.34 ± 1.96 | 10.50 ± 2.39 |
| 4 months | 11.29 ± 1.57 | 11.83 ± 1.58 |
| 8 months | 11.47 ± 1.87 | 11.78 ± 1.73 |
| 12 months | 11.59 ± 1.51 | 12.06 ± 1.24 |
Alcohol-related knowledge was measured through an 8-item version of a questionnaire featuring 8 true/false statements about alcohol (e.g., "A person cannot become an alcoholic by just drinking beer"). Responses were scored as either 0 (incorrect answer or "I don't know") or 1 (correct answer) and summed to obtain a final score from 0 to 8, where a higher score indicates a more correct responses (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 5.60 ± 1.40 | 5.60 ± 1.24 |
| 4 months | 5.66 ± 1.45 | 6.05 ± 1.28 |
| 8 months | 5.62 ± 1.58 | 5.94 ± 1.61 |
| 12 months | 5.60 ± 1.63 | 6.37 ± 1.39 |
The SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) is a 19-item, self-administered instrument designed to assess client motivation to change drinking-related behavior. It is made up of three subscales: Problem Recognition (score range 7 to 35), Ambivalence (score range is 4 to 20), and Taking Steps (score range is 8 to 40). Respondents rate their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale (from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree), and items within each subscale are summed to obtain three subscores. A higher Problem Recognition subscore indicates a higher degree of recognition of one's problems related to their drinking (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 13.92 ± 6.38 | 13.93 ± 5.90 |
| 4 months | 12.72 ± 6.31 | 12.68 ± 5.69 |
| 8 months | 11.58 ± 5.77 | 12.07 ± 6.10 |
| 12 months | 11.40 ± 6.17 | 11.55 ± 5.82 |
The SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) is a 19-item, self-administered instrument designed to assess client motivation to change drinking-related behavior. It is made up of three subscales: Problem Recognition (score range 7 to 35), Ambivalence (score range is 4 to 20), and Taking Steps (score range is 8 to 40). Respondents rate their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale (from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree), and items within each subscale are summed to obtain three subscores. A higher Ambivalence subscore indicates a higher degree of ambivalence (e.g., openness to reflection) related to their drinking (as opposed to unawareness) (i.e., higher scores mean a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 8.85 ± 4.26 | 8.91 ± 4.05 |
| 4 months | 7.88 ± 3.99 | 7.92 ± 4.01 |
| 8 months | 7.02 ± 3.73 | 7.16 ± 3.91 |
| 12 months | 6.94 ± 4.00 | 7.25 ± 3.94 |
The SOCRATES (Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale) is a 19-item, self-administered instrument designed to assess client motivation to change drinking-related behavior. It is made up of three subscales: Problem Recognition (score range 7 to 35), Ambivalence (score range is 4 to 20), and Taking Steps (score range is 8 to 40). Respondents rate their agreement with each item on a 5-point Likert-type scale (from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree), and items within each subscale are summed to obtain three subscores. A higher Taking Steps subscore indicates the individual is making attempts to change their drinking (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 16.74 ± 7.29 | 17.57 ± 6.90 |
| 4 months | 17.96 ± 9.20 | 18.02 ± 8.27 |
| 8 months | 16.09 ± 8.56 | 15.79 ± 7.84 |
| 12 months | 16.51 ± 9.40 | 16.34 ± 8.63 |
The Decisional Balance Scale assesses perceived benefits of sex with and without condoms. Responses to the 18-item scale assessed the benefits (e.g., "Sex without a condom is more spontaneous") and costs (e.g., "I feel guilty after having sex without a condom") of lack of condom use, yielding two subscales. Each participant was asked to rate how important each benefit and cost statement would be when deciding whether to use a condom for anal sex from 1="not at all important" to 5="extremely important"). Responses for each subscore ("Importance of statements for sex without condoms" and "Importance of statements against sex without condoms") are averaged to obtain two final subscores that range from 1 to 5. A higher "Importance of statements for sex without condoms" subscore indicates greater importance assigned to benefits of condomless anal sex (i.e., a worse outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 2.99 ± 0.77 | 3.00 ± 0.67 |
| 4 months | 2.49 ± 0.82 | 2.69 ± 0.78 |
| 8 months | 2.46 ± 0.87 | 2.61 ± 0.82 |
| 12 months | 2.42 ± 0.85 | 2.59 ± 0.80 |
The Decisional Balance Scale assesses perceived benefits of sex with and without condoms. Responses to the 18-item scale assessed the benefits (e.g., "Sex without a condom is more spontaneous") and costs (e.g., "I feel guilty after having sex without a condom") of lack of condom use, yielding two subscales. Each participant was asked to rate how important each benefit and cost statement would be when deciding whether to use a condom for anal sex from 1="not at all important" to 5="extremely important"). Responses for each subscore ("Importance of statements for sex without condoms" and "Importance of statements against sex without condoms") are averaged to obtain two final subscores that range from 1 to 5. A higher "Importance of statements against sex without condoms" subscore indicates greater importance assigned to costs of condomless anal sex (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3.20 ± 0.74 | 3.15 ± 0.81 |
| 4 months | 3.26 ± 0.78 | 3.27 ± 0.75 |
| 8 months | 3.23 ± 0.80 | 3.27 ± 0.80 |
| 12 months | 3.16 ± 0.79 | 3.17 ± 0.79 |
The Self-Efficacy for Safer Sex Questionnaire is a 13-item scale that measures behavioral self-efficacy skills to increase condom use. Response options for each item range from 1="not at all confident" to 5="extremely confident" in regards to participants' confidence in avoiding condomless sex and/or negotiating condom use. Item scores are summed to obtain an overall score from 1 to 65, where a higher score indicates greater confidence in avoiding condomless sex (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 37.38 ± 9.47 | 37.03 ± 10.80 |
| 4 months | 44.95 ± 12.29 | 42.86 ± 12.55 |
| 8 months | 45.13 ± 12.90 | 43.84 ± 12.10 |
| 12 months | 46.01 ± 13.62 | 43.05 ± 12.62 |
The Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire is a 50-item scale that measures behavioral self-efficacy skills to reduce alcohol use. An abbreviated 15-item version was used, which consists of the following three subscales from the original questionnaire: Urges/Temptations to Use (score range is 5 to 30), Social Pressure to Use (score range is 5 to 30), and Pleasant Times with Others (score range is 5 to 30). Responses to each item are rated from 1="not at all" to 6="completely", representing the level of confidence participants have in resisting alcohol use in each situation. Item scores within each subscale are summed to obtain the three subscores ranging from 5-30. A higher Urges/Temptations To Use subscore reflects greater confidence in resisting alcohol use when experiencing urges/temptations to use it (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 19.09 ± 7.39 | 18.50 ± 7.26 |
| 4 months | 22.08 ± 6.68 | 20.64 ± 7.23 |
| 8 months | 24.73 ± 6.29 | 25.74 ± 4.71 |
| 12 months | 25.69 ± 5.43 | 25.48 ± 4.98 |
The Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire is a 50-item scale that measures behavioral self-efficacy skills to reduce alcohol use. An abbreviated 15-item version was used, which consists of the following three subscales from the original questionnaire: Urges/Temptations to Use (score range is 5 to 30), Social Pressure to Use (score range is 5 to 30), and Pleasant Times with Others (score range is 5 to 30). Responses to each item are rated from 1="not at all" to 6="completely", representing the level of confidence participants have in resisting alcohol use in each situation. Item scores within each subscale are summed to obtain the three subscores ranging from 5-30. A higher Social Pressure to Use subscore reflects greater confidence in resisting alcohol use when under social pressure to use it (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 16.13 ± 7.51 | 16.10 ± 7.24 |
| 4 months | 18.83 ± 6.84 | 18.98 ± 7.67 |
| 8 months | 23.17 ± 7.49 | 24.13 ± 6.42 |
| 12 months | 23.83 ± 6.34 | 24.11 ± 5.96 |
The Drug-Taking Confidence Questionnaire is a 50-item scale that measures behavioral self-efficacy skills to reduce alcohol use. An abbreviated 15-item version was used, which consists of the following three subscales from the original questionnaire: Urges/Temptations to Use (score range is 5 to 30), Social Pressure to Use (score range is 5 to 30), and Pleasant Times with Others (score range is 5 to 30). Responses to each item are rated from 1="not at all" to 6="completely", representing the level of confidence participants have in resisting alcohol use in each situation. Item scores within each subscale are summed to obtain the three subscores ranging from 5-30. A higher Pleasant Times With Others subscore reflects greater confidence in resisting alcohol use in situations of experiencing pleasant times with others (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 16.31 ± 7.15 | 15.18 ± 7.03 |
| 4 months | 17.92 ± 6.74 | 18.47 ± 7.76 |
| 8 months | 23.19 ± 6.93 | 24.33 ± 5.67 |
| 12 months | 23.67 ± 6.44 | 23.68 ± 6.22 |
The Gay-Related Rejection Sensitivity Scale is used to measure rejection sensitivity around one's sexuality. The scale consists of 14 interpersonal situations in which such rejection may be perceived (e.g., "You bring a male partner to a family reunion. Two of your old-fashioned aunts don't come talk to you even though they see you"), each followed by a question of anxiety (e.g., "How concerned or anxious would you be that they don't talk to you because of your sexual orientation?") and likelihood (e.g., "How likely is it that they didn't talk to you because of your sexual orientation?") of gay-related rejection occurring in this case, each scored from 1="very unconcerned/unlikely" to 6="very concerned/likely". The product of the likelihood and anxiety subscales for each of the 14 items were then averaged together to achieve an overall score. The overall score ranges from 1 to 36, where a higher score indicates greater gay-related rejection sensitivity (i.e., a worse outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 13.44 ± 7.30 | 13.64 ± 7.58 |
| 4 months | 10.58 ± 6.94 | 11.44 ± 7.88 |
| 8 months | 9.57 ± 7.65 | 9.83 ± 7.40 |
| 12 months | 8.81 ± 7.44 | 8.92 ± 7.57 |
The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule is a 30-item self-report which measure assertive behaviors. The items include statements like "Most people seem to be more aggressive and assertive than I am", "When I am asked to do something, I insist upon knowing why" etc. The responses ranges from -3="very uncharacteristic of me" to 3="very characteristic of me". Items 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 11-17, 19, 23, 24, 26, and 30 are reverse-coded and the resulting 30 items are summed to attain a continuous score from -90 to 90, where a higher score indicates greater assertiveness (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 6.71 ± 24.38 | 7.57 ± 24.25 |
| 4 months | 11.49 ± 24.19 | 9.45 ± 24.03 |
| 8 months | 11.02 ± 22.85 | 10.05 ± 25.84 |
| 12 months | 10.93 ± 23.17 | 11.79 ± 24.98 |
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The concealment motivation subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating a greater degree of motivation to conceal one's sexual minority identity.
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 4.36 ± 1.22 | 4.36 ± 1.29 |
| 4 months | 4.25 ± 1.28 | 4.22 ± 1.21 |
| 8 months | 4.19 ± 1.24 | 4.29 ± 1.34 |
| 12 months | 4.23 ± 1.28 | 4.17 ± 1.27 |
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The internalized homonegative subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating greater internalized homonegativity (i.e., a worse outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 2.40 ± 1.30 | 2.26 ± 1.24 |
| 4 months | 2.26 ± 1.22 | 2.18 ± 1.22 |
| 8 months | 2.34 ± 1.41 | 2.20 ± 1.32 |
| 12 months | 2.25 ± 1.27 | 2.19 ± 1.28 |
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The acceptance concerns subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating more acceptance concerns (i.e., a worse outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3.69 ± 1.30 | 3.47 ± 1.25 |
| 4 months | 3.46 ± 1.21 | 3.26 ± 1.35 |
| 8 months | 3.35 ± 1.27 | 3.20 ± 1.38 |
| 12 months | 3.31 ± 1.31 | 3.02 ± 1.26 |
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The identity uncertainty subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating a greater degree of uncertainty about one's sexual minority identity.
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 2.09 ± 1.13 | 2.05 ± 1.19 |
| 4 months | 2.01 ± 1.15 | 2.09 ± 1.21 |
| 8 months | 1.93 ± 1.15 | 2.06 ± 1.25 |
| 12 months | 1.90 ± 1.08 | 1.93 ± 1.20 |
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The difficult process subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating the participant has been having a more difficult time accepting their sexual minority identity.
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3.66 ± 1.40 | 3.42 ± 1.41 |
| 4 months | 3.39 ± 1.34 | 3.31 ± 1.38 |
| 8 months | 3.45 ± 1.35 | 3.29 ± 1.39 |
| 12 months | 3.49 ± 1.36 | 3.24 ± 1.28 |
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The identity superiority subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating the participant views people with a sexual minority identity as superior to heterosexual people.
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 2.21 ± 1.05 | 2.32 ± 1.03 |
| 4 months | 2.18 ± 1.12 | 2.33 ± 1.07 |
| 8 months | 2.24 ± 1.14 | 2.31 ± 1.11 |
| 12 months | 2.23 ± 1.12 | 2.37 ± 1.19 |
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The identity affirmation subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating greater pride in one's sexual minority identity (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 4.27 ± 1.30 | 4.32 ± 1.21 |
| 4 months | 4.31 ± 1.30 | 4.30 ± 1.24 |
| 8 months | 4.13 ± 1.39 | 4.46 ± 1.26 |
| 12 months | 4.21 ± 1.41 | 4.37 ± 1.36 |
The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS) is a 27-item, self-reported measure that assesses an individual's sexual minority identity across eight dimensions/subscales: acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, identity uncertainty, internalized homonegativity, difficulty with the identity development process, identity superiority, identity affirmation, and identity centrality. Responses to items were scored from 1="disagree strongly" to 6="agree strongly", with items 11 and 23 being reverse-coded. Items within each subscale averaged to obtain eight final subscores. The identity centrality subscore ranges from 1-6 with higher scores indicating that one's sexual orientation is more central to one's personal identity.
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3.65 ± 1.02 | 3.79 ± 1.18 |
| 4 months | 3.63 ± 1.05 | 3.76 ± 1.16 |
| 8 months | 3.62 ± 1.16 | 3.83 ± 1.17 |
| 12 months | 3.61 ± 1.18 | 3.88 ± 1.18 |
The 10-item version of the LGBT Victimization Scale measures that assesses the frequency of experiences of victimization in the previous 3 months "because you are, or were thought to be, gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender." Items address verbal threats and insults, being chased, having property damaged, and being physically or sexually assaulted. Responses to each item/situation are scored from 0="never" to 3="3 or more times" and summed to obtain an overall score, which ranges from 0 to 30, where a higher score indicates higher frequency of victimization experiences (i.e., a worse outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 2.13 ± 3.24 | 2.30 ± 4.50 |
| 4 months | 1.43 ± 3.25 | 1.57 ± 3.35 |
| 8 months | 1.08 ± 3.23 | 1.37 ± 4.42 |
| 12 months | 0.86 ± 2.40 | 0.87 ± 2.53 |
The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is a 12-item self-reported questionnaire designed to measure perceived social support from three sources: family, friends, and a significant other. Responses are scored from 1="very strongly disagree" to 7="very strongly agree" and averaged to obtain a final score that ranges from 1 to 7, where a higher score indicates higher perceived social support (i.e., a better outcome).
| score on a scale | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 4.98 ± 1.27 | 4.81 ± 1.35 |
| 4 months | 5.21 ± 1.16 | 4.95 ± 1.42 |
| 8 months | 4.94 ± 1.43 | 5.01 ± 1.50 |
| 12 months | 5.03 ± 1.40 | 5.10 ± 1.50 |
Collected over During an assessment or counseling session, from baseline survey to 12-months post randomization. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comunică | 0/149 (0%) | 2/149 (1.3%) | 14/149 (9.4%) |
| Education Attention Control (EAC) | 0/151 (0%) | 0/151 (0%) | 16/151 (10.6%) |
| Event | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Suicide attemptPsychiatric disorders | 2/149 | 0/151 |
| Event | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) |
|---|---|---|
| Suicidal ideationPsychiatric disorders | 14/149 | 16/151 |
| Age, Continuous(years) | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 24.93 ± 6.55 | 25.87 ± 7.38 | 25.40 ± 6.98 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Male | 149 | 151 | 300 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants) | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romanian | 137 | 137 | 274 |
| Hungarian | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Roma | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Other | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Region of Enrollment(participants) | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romania | 149 | 151 | 300 |
| Sexual orientation(Participants) | Comunică | Education Attention Control (EAC) | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gay | 97 | 105 | 202 |
| Bisexual | 49 | 41 | 90 |
| Heterosexual | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Queer | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Pansexual | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Asexual | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Demisexual | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Uncertain / don't know for sure | 1 | 3 | 4 |
PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.
Ran from May 2019 to primary completion in Jan 2024, 56 months.
Results were first posted in Sep 2025, 1 year 7 months after primary completion.
Of 641 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, half reached primary completion within 30 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 17 and three quarters within 45. This study's 56 months is above that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 647 studies reached it within 29 months; a quarter within 17 and three quarters within 45.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
This study is completed, as verified in Aug 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.
Sign in to followQuestions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.
Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.
Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome →