CClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT03816215Updated Mar 2, 2021

Volunteering as an Intervention to Reduce Depression Among Adolescents

An interventional study of Volunteer experience in Depression, Adolescent Behavior and Depressive Symptoms, sponsored by Wake Forest University Health Sciences. Completed at 3 sites in United States. Open to participants aged 14 Years to 20 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-03-02.

Sponsored by Wake Forest University Health Sciences · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
9
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
14 Years to 20 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of the present study is to test in a preliminary manner an innovative strategy for treating depression among adolescents (alongside existing therapy) using community volunteerism.

Read the detailed description

The purpose of the present study is to test in a preliminary manner an innovative strategy for treating depression among adolescents (alongside existing therapy) using community volunteerism. In addition, this study will test a potential mechanism by which volunteering might decrease depressive symptoms: increasing psychosocial assets, specifically decreasing self-orientation and increasing an orientation toward others. This will be measured through self-report as well as using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This study will be the first study to explore how neural response patterns are potentially altered by intense experiences with volunteerism among depressed adolescents.

02

Conditions studied

  • Depression
  • Adolescent Behavior
  • Depressive Symptoms

Keywords

  • Adolescents
  • FMRI
  • volunteerism
03

In context

Depression

8,057 studies on the registry are indexed under Depression; 1,641 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 9 is below the median of 84 across 6,720 interventional studies indexed under Depression.

Browse Depression studies →

Lead sponsor

Wake Forest University Health Sciences is the lead sponsor of 1,320 studies on the registry; 199 are open to participants now.

Of its 323 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 243 (75%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
14 Years to 20 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • age 14-20
  • new mild to moderate depression diagnosis (single episode)
  • new mild to moderate anxiety diagnosis
  • new adjustment disorder diagnosis
  • have been in treatment for \< 8 months
  • right-handed

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • history of recurrent depressive, anxiety or adjustment disorder episodes
  • have been in treatment > 8 months
  • left-handed
  • expressing suicidal ideation
  • claustrophobia
  • any contraindications for completing an MRI scan
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
9 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Adolescent Participants

    Participants will be assigned to participate in community service (from a menu of options) for 30 hours.

    Behavioral: Volunteer experience

Interventions

  • BehavioralVolunteer experience

    Participants will be assigned to a meaningful volunteer experience from a menu of local options (e.g., volunteering at an animal shelter or in a library) for 30 hours.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Participant recruitment

    Number of participants screened (reported by clinical mental health providers)

    Time frame: 6 months

  2. Participant retention

    Number of participants retained in full study

    Time frame: 6 months

  3. Depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory)

    Beck Depression Inventory to measure depressive symptoms. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3. The minimum total score is 0 and the maximum total score is 63. Higher scores denote worse outcome

    Time frame: 6 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. Strength of Connectivity in DMN (Default Mode Network)

    Default Mode Network Connectivity will be measured using fMRI at rest and while processing emotional pictures before and after volunteering intervention. The strength of connectivity within the DMN will be calculated by averaging attributes for each node in the DMN.

    Time frame: 6 months

  2. Hope scale (Abler et al., 2017)

    Hope scale (Abler et al., 2017) will be measured on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Items will be averaged; higher scores denote better outcome (more hope).

    Time frame: 6 months

  3. Beck Hopelessness Inventory

    Beck Hopelessness Inventory will be used (scored from 1-20; higher score denotes worse outcome).

    Time frame: 6 months

  4. Self-efficacy

    NIH toolbox measure from 1 (never) to 5 (very often); scores will be averaged and high score indicates more self-efficacy.

    Time frame: 6 months

  5. Orientation Toward Others

    5 point scale from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Scores will be averaged; higher score denotes more orientation toward others.

    Time frame: 6 months

  6. Empathy

    IRI (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) subscale to measure empathy on a 5 point scale from 1- strongly disagree to 5 -strongly agree. Scores will be averaged; higher score denotes more empathy.

    Time frame: 6 months

Other outcomes

  1. Experience in Volunteering

    Measured through the Inventory of Service Experience (Taylor \& Pancer, 2007) on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Scores will be averaged for subscales of the measure. Higher score denotes better outcomes (more positive experiences with volunteering).

    Time frame: 6 months

07

Study locations

3 sites
  • Trinity Center, Inc
    Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, United States
  • TriCare, PA
    Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27103, United States
  • Private practice
    Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27106, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond: Guilford Press
  • Beesdo K, Hofler M, Leibenluft E, Lieb R, Bauer M, Pfennig A. Mood episodes and mood disorders: patterns of incidence and conversion in the first three decades of life. Bipolar Disord. 2009 Sep;11(6):637-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00738.x. PubMed 19689506 ↗
  • Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT. The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Jan;26(1):17-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003. Epub 2005 Sep 30. PubMed 16199119 ↗
  • Gudayol-Ferre E, Pero-Cebollero M, Gonzalez-Garrido AA, Guardia-Olmos J. Changes in brain connectivity related to the treatment of depression measured through fMRI: a systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 Nov 3;9:582. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00582. eCollection 2015. PubMed 26578927 ↗
  • Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Ries Merikangas K. Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective. Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Jun 15;49(12):1002-14. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01129-5. PubMed 11430842 ↗
  • Sheline YI, Barch DM, Price JL, Rundle MM, Vaishnavi SN, Snyder AZ, Mintun MA, Wang S, Coalson RS, Raichle ME. The default mode network and self-referential processes in depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 10;106(6):1942-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812686106. Epub 2009 Jan 26. PubMed 19171889 ↗

Study documents

  • Informed consent form · Jun 12, 2020

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Mar 2, 2021, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03816215
Lead sponsor
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 25, 2019
Start date
Jun 3, 2019
Primary completion
Aug 1, 2020
Completion
Aug 1, 2020
Last update
Mar 2, 2021

Study contacts

Parissa Ballard, PhD
principal investigator · Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion