A Phase 3 interventional study of anamorelin HCl and Placebo Oral Tablet in Cachexia; Cancer and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer, sponsored by Helsinn Healthcare SA. Completed at 65 sites in 8 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-06-26.
Sponsored by Helsinn Healthcare SA · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment
The goal of this clinical trial was to compare the efficacy and safety of anamorelin HCl (the investigational drug) to that of placebo (tablet with no drug) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and cachexia (cancer-related weight loss). The main question it aimed to answer was as follows: Do patients who receive anamorelin HCl gain more body weight and show more improvement in anorexia symptoms than those who receive placebo.
Approximately 316 patients were to be enrolled in the study. Of these patients, an equal number were to be assigned to each treatment group (anamorelin HCl or placebo). Participants were to take their assigned study drug by mouth once daily for a total of 24 weeks. During this treatment period, the patients were to visit the clinical study site every 3 weeks for health and other study-related assessments. Two weeks after the last treatment, patients were to receive a follow-up phone call.
The study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anamorelin HCl. It was planned that approximately 316 patients with advanced NSCLC with cachexia were to be randomized 1:1 to anamorelin HCl 100 mg or placebo (158 patients per treatment group). The study treatment was to be taken orally once daily for a total of 24 weeks. Patients were instructed to take the study drug at least 1 hour before their first meal of the day.
Central randomization was stratified by line of systemic anti-cancer treatment (first line vs second line vs third line or higher), by type of anti-cancer therapy (immunotherapy vs non-immunotherapy), and by baseline score of 5 IASS (≤10 vs >10). Patients who had never received anti-cancer treatment prior to entering the study but who met all eligibility criteria were eligible to enter the study and were assigned to receive first line treatment in the Interactive Web Response System (IWRS).
Patients were to visit the site every 3 weeks for the study Treatment Period of 24 weeks. A follow-up telephone visit was to be scheduled at Week 26. Thus, patients were enrolled in the study for a maximum duration of 27 weeks (including a 1-week Screening Period, a 24-week Treatment Period, and a 2-week Follow-up Period). Each patient was scheduled to have a total of 10 planned visits plus 1 telephone contact for the Follow-up Visit.
Patient receiving or not receiving systemic anti-cancer treatment at the time of screening are eligible to participate. Systemic anti-cancer treatment includes first, second, third treatment line with chemotherapy/radiation therapy, immunotherapy or targeted therapy.
Patient not receiving systemic anti-cancer treatment is eligible if:
Female patient shall be: a) of non-childbearing potential or b) of childbearing potential using reliable contraceptive measures and having a negative urine pregnancy test within 24 hours prior to first dose of investigational product.
Notes:
Exclusion Criteria:
Reversible causes of reduced food intake, as determined by the Investigator. These causes may include but are not limited to:
Patient with uncontrolled or significant cardiovascular disease, including:
Patient with cachexia caused by other reasons, as determined by the investigator such as:
100 mg anamorelin HCl (administered as film-coated tablets in fasted condition) was to be taken orally once daily for a total of 24 weeks
Drug: anamorelin HCl
Placebo (administered as matching placebo tablets in fasted condition) was to be taken orally once daily for a total of 24 weeks
Drug: Placebo Oral Tablet
100 mg anamorelin HCl (administered as 100 mg tablets in the fasted condition)
Placebo (administered as matching placebo tablets in the fasted condition)
Mean Change From Baseline in Body Weight Over 12 Weeks
This co-primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline in body weight (kg) over 12 weeks in the anamorelin HCl group versus placebo group. Mean change was computed as sum of the changes from baseline over 12 weeks by the time of the last assessment (either week 12 or before in case of death), and then divided by the number of assessments (observed or imputed) from baseline up to the time of the last assessment.
Time frame: Mean change from baseline over 12 weeks.
Mean Change From Baseline in 5-item Anorexia Symptom Subscale (5-IASS) Over 12 Weeks
This co-primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline in 5-IASS (points) over 12 weeks in the anamorelin HCl group versus placebo group. Mean change was computed as sum of the changes from baseline over 12 weeks by the time of the last assessment (either week 12 or before in case of death), and then divided by the number of assessments (observed or imputed) from baseline up to the time of the last assessment. FAACT-A/CS (Functional Assessment Anorexia Cachexia Therapy) is a 12-item measure of patients' perceptions of anorexia/cachexia symptoms and concerns. From this questionnaire, the 5-item section referring to anorexia symptoms (i.e., "good appetite," "interest in food drops," "food tastes unpleasant," "get full quickly," and "difficulty eating rich/heavy foods") was used to assess 5-IASS. The range of possible scores is 0-20. Higher scores indicate lower levels of symptom burden.
Time frame: Mean change from baseline over 12 weeks.
Duration in Treatment Benefit (Weeks) From Baseline Over 12 Weeks in Body Weight (≥0 kg)
The duration of treatment benefit over 12 weeks was measured as the period, or the sum of the periods, over 12 weeks (or less in case of death), in which the patient observed a change from baseline in body weight of ≥0 kg.
Time frame: Duration of treatment benefit from baseline over 12 weeks.
Duration in Treatment Benefit (Weeks) From Baseline Over 12 Weeks in Body Weight (≥1.5 kg)
The duration of treatment benefit over 12 weeks was measured as the period, or the sum of the periods, over 12 weeks (or less in case of death), in which the patient observed a change from baseline in body weight of ≥1.5 kg.
Time frame: Duration of treatment benefit from baseline over 12 weeks.
Duration of Treatment Benefit (Weeks) From Baseline Over 12 Weeks in 5-IASS (≥0 Points)
The duration of treatment benefit over 12 weeks was measured as the period, or the sum of the periods, over 12 weeks (or less in case of death), in which the patient observed a change from baseline in 5- IASS of ≥0 points.
Time frame: Duration of treatment benefit from baseline over 12 weeks.
Duration of Treatment Benefit (Weeks) From Baseline Over 12 Weeks in 5-IASS (≥3 Points)
The duration of treatment benefit over 12 weeks was measured as the period, or the sum of the periods, over 12 weeks (or less in case of death), in which the patient observed a change from baseline in 5- IASS of ≥3 points.
Time frame: Duration of treatment benefit from baseline over 12 weeks.
Patients were enrolled at a total of 49 study sites in Australia (2 sites), Belgium (2 sites), Croatia (3 sites), Germany (3 sites), Poland (5 sites), Romania (7 sites), Russia (10 sites), Ukraine (8 sites), and USA (9 sites). First Patient Enrollment (date of randomization) was on 06MAY2019.
| Milestone | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Started | 154 | 164 |
| Treated | 154 | 164 |
| Completed | 83 | 90 |
| Not completed | 71 | 74 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 7 | 9 |
| Withdrew: Death | 25 | 28 |
| Withdrew: Lost to follow-up | 3 | 6 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 28 | 25 |
| Withdrew: Physician decision | 2 | 4 |
| Withdrew: Reported as "other" in clinical study report | 6 | 2 |
This co-primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline in body weight (kg) over 12 weeks in the anamorelin HCl group versus placebo group. Mean change was computed as sum of the changes from baseline over 12 weeks by the time of the last assessment (either week 12 or before in case of death), and then divided by the number of assessments (observed or imputed) from baseline up to the time of the last assessment.
| kg | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Change From Baseline in Body Weight Over 12 Weeks | 1.822 ± 0.263 | 0.538 ± 0.250 |
This co-primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline in 5-IASS (points) over 12 weeks in the anamorelin HCl group versus placebo group. Mean change was computed as sum of the changes from baseline over 12 weeks by the time of the last assessment (either week 12 or before in case of death), and then divided by the number of assessments (observed or imputed) from baseline up to the time of the last assessment. FAACT-A/CS (Functional Assessment Anorexia Cachexia Therapy) is a 12-item measure of patients' perceptions of anorexia/cachexia symptoms and concerns. From this questionnaire, the 5-item section referring to anorexia symptoms (i.e., "good appetite," "interest in food drops," "food tastes unpleasant," "get full quickly," and "difficulty eating rich/heavy foods") was used to assess 5-IASS. The range of possible scores is 0-20. Higher scores indicate lower levels of symptom burden.
| score on a scale | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Mean Change From Baseline in 5-item Anorexia Symptom Subscale (5-IASS) Over 12 Weeks | 3.432 ± 0.360 | 3.291 ± 0.342 |
The duration of treatment benefit over 12 weeks was measured as the period, or the sum of the periods, over 12 weeks (or less in case of death), in which the patient observed a change from baseline in body weight of ≥0 kg.
| weeks | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Duration in Treatment Benefit (Weeks) From Baseline Over 12 Weeks in Body Weight (≥0 kg) | 8.859 ± 0.525 | 6.778 ± 0.496 |
The duration of treatment benefit over 12 weeks was measured as the period, or the sum of the periods, over 12 weeks (or less in case of death), in which the patient observed a change from baseline in body weight of ≥1.5 kg.
| weeks | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Duration in Treatment Benefit (Weeks) From Baseline Over 12 Weeks in Body Weight (≥1.5 kg) | 5.490 ± 0.431 | 3.087 ± 0.409 |
The duration of treatment benefit over 12 weeks was measured as the period, or the sum of the periods, over 12 weeks (or less in case of death), in which the patient observed a change from baseline in 5- IASS of ≥0 points.
| weeks | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of Treatment Benefit (Weeks) From Baseline Over 12 Weeks in 5-IASS (≥0 Points) | 9.470 ± 0.392 | 8.842 ± 0.370 |
The duration of treatment benefit over 12 weeks was measured as the period, or the sum of the periods, over 12 weeks (or less in case of death), in which the patient observed a change from baseline in 5- IASS of ≥3 points.
| weeks | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Duration of Treatment Benefit (Weeks) From Baseline Over 12 Weeks in 5-IASS (≥3 Points) | 5.143 ± 0.410 | 4.992 ± 0.387 |
Collected over Adverse events (AEs) were collected from the time of Informed Consent signature through Day 183 (+3) days post study drug administration on Day 1.. Non-serious events are listed at a 2% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | 25/154 (16.2%) | 44/154 (28.6%) | 114/154 (74%) |
| Placebo | 28/164 (17.1%) | 46/164 (28%) | 127/164 (77.4%) |
| Event | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| Non-small cell lung cancerNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 18/154 | 19/164 |
| AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 4/154 | 3/164 |
| Corona virus infectionInfections and infestations | 3/154 | 2/164 |
| PneumoniaInfections and infestations | 3/154 | 3/164 |
| Malignant neoplasm progressionNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 2/154 | 1/164 |
| Cardiac disorderCardiac disorders | 2/154 | 0/164 |
| Pulmonary haemorrhageRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 0/154 | 2/164 |
| NeutropeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 0/154 | 2/164 |
| Cancer painNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 1/154 | 0/164 |
| Metastases to boneNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 1/154 | 0/164 |
| Event | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo |
|---|---|---|
| AnaemiaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 28/154 | 38/164 |
| AstheniaGeneral disorders | 19/154 | 22/164 |
| NauseaGastrointestinal disorders | 18/154 | 12/164 |
| Non-Small Cell Lung CancerNeoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) | 10/154 | 19/164 |
| DyspnoeaRespiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders | 14/154 | 10/164 |
| Chest PainGeneral disorders | 13/154 | 9/164 |
| Sinus TachycardiaCardiac disorders | 7/154 | 13/164 |
| DizzinessNervous system disorders | 12/154 | 5/164 |
| DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders | 10/154 | 6/164 |
| NeutropeniaBlood and lymphatic system disorders | 10/154 | 6/164 |
The Intent-to-Treat (ITT) Set included all randomized patients and was analyzed as per planned treatment.
| Age, Continuous(Years) | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 64.0 ± 8.49 | 63.6 ± 9.73 | 63.8 ± 9.14 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 42 | 50 | 92 |
| Male | 112 | 114 | 226 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hispanic or Latino | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 8 | 7 | 15 |
| Unknown or Not Reported | 146 | 156 | 302 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized(Participants) | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asian | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Black or African American | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| White | 148 | 157 | 305 |
| Other | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Multiple | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Region of Enrollment(Participants) | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romania | 58 | 59 | 117 |
| Belgium | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| United States | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| Ukraine | 38 | 34 | 72 |
| Poland | 11 | 19 | 30 |
| Australia | 1 | 3 | 4 |
| Croatia | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| Russia | 27 | 29 | 56 |
| Germany | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Height(cm) | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 171.03 ± 8.690 | 169.96 ± 9.164 | 170.48 ± 8.940 |
| Weight(kg) | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 54.09 ± 7.029 | 52.84 ± 7.925 | 53.44 ± 7.519 |
| Body Mass Index(kg/m^2) | 100 mg Anamorelin HCl | Placebo | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 18.38 ± 1.328 | 18.16 ± 1.579 | 18.27 ± 1.465 |
5 further baseline measures are reported on the registry.
Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.
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