ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT03334006PEPPERUpdated Jun 11, 2026

Prospective, Randomized Trial of Personalized Medicine With Pentaglobin® After Surgical Infectious Source Control in Patients With Peritonitis

A Phase 2 interventional study of Pentaglobin®/Standard of Care in Peritonitis, Sepsis and Septic Shock, sponsored by RWTH Aachen University. Recruiting at 20 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-11.

Sponsored by RWTH Aachen University · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Nov 2017; still recruiting 8 years 11 months later.
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
200
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial is to provide evidence for adjuvant IgGAM treatment with regard to

  1. Improvement of patient outcomes for peritonitis. Improvement in outcome will be determined by scores such as MOF, SOFA and survival.
  2. Identification of biomarkers (including immunoglobulin levels, HLA-DR, NF-kB1 and other immunological biomarkers) to identify patient subpopulations that benefit most from IgGAM treatment. These patients will form the basis for a further randomized, controlled, double-blind Phase III trial (RCT) to demonstrate the benefit of this treatment.
  3. In addition, these biomarkers could help to guide a targeted, i.e. "personalized", adjuvant therapy with Pentaglobin® (IgGAM) in the indication of peritonitis.
Read the detailed description

The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial is to provide evidence for adjuvant IgGAM treatment with regard to

  1. Improvement of patient outcomes for peritonitis. Improvement in outcome will be determined by scores such as MOF, SOFA and survival.
  2. Identification of biomarkers (including immunoglobulin levels, HLA-DR, NF-kB1 and other immunological biomarkers) to identify patient subpopulations that benefit most from IgGAM treatment. These patients will form the basis for a further randomized, controlled, double-blind Phase III trial (RCT) to demonstrate the benefit of this treatment.
  3. In addition, these biomarkers could help to guide a targeted, i.e. "personalized", adjuvant therapy with Pentaglobin® (IgGAM) in the indication of peritonitis.

The control group receives Standard-of-Care treatment. The intervention group is additionally treated with IgGAM (Pentaglobin®) as an add-on treatment to Standard-of-Care.

Pentaglobin® is administered by continuous intravenous infusion over a period of 5 days of 0.4 ml/kg body weight/hour until the total dose of 7 ml/kg body weight/day is reached.

Primary outcome: Change in Multiple Organ Failure (MOF) score (measured in lung, heart, kidney, liver, blood) from baseline to day 7 after surgical infectious source control in the context of peritonitis.

The MOF score is determined in the morning. The following score points are distributed per organ: Normal organ function: 0 score points; organ dysfunction: 1 score point; single organ failure: 2 score points. A score > 4 in the sum of the 5 organs indicates multiple organ failure. Patients who died before the MOF score was obtained are assigned a score of 10 score points.

Secondary outcome:

  • Death within 28 days
  • Death within 90 days
  • Change in MOF score from baseline to day 5
  • Multi-Organ Failure ( > 4 MOF score points on day 7)

Exploratory objectives:

  • Effects of Pentaglobin® therapy on the SOFA score (determined in the organs lung, CNS, circulation, liver, coagulation and kidney).
  • Interaction of the biomarkers "NF-kB1" (steady), "CRP (≥ 70 mg/L), IgA (\< 150 mg/dl), IgG (\< 700 mg/dl), IgM (\< 35 mg/dl) and HLA-DR expression (≤ 8,000 molecules per monocyte) with therapy in terms of change in MOF score from baseline to days 5 and 7 and death within 28 and 90 days.
02

Conditions studied

  • Peritonitis
  • Sepsis
  • Septic Shock

Keywords

  • Pentaglobin®
  • Personalized Medicine
03

In context

Peritonitis

167 studies on the registry are indexed under Peritonitis; 23 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 200 is above the median of 79 across 106 interventional studies indexed under Peritonitis.

Browse Peritonitis studies →

Lead sponsor

RWTH Aachen University is the lead sponsor of 230 studies on the registry; 19 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. The patient is diagnosed with secondary or quaternary peritonitis
  2. The time of the surgical infectious source control is within 6 hours of indication (defined as date and time of registration for surgical or minimal invasive procedure).
  3. Sepsis and / or septic shock (according to the current sepsis guideline of the German Sepsis Society).
  4. SOFA Score ≥ 8
  5. The concentration of IL-6 is ≥ 1000 pg / ml
  6. Treatment with antibiotics is started within 12 hours of admission to the Intensive Care Unit
  7. The form has been signed by the patient and / or by his legal representative (such as his spouse, an health care proxy authorized or a legal representative) or by a consultant physician

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion criteria

  1. Patients with a of less than 90 days due to medical conditions unrelated to peritonitis nor with sepsis and / or septic shock.
  2. For female patients: The patient is pregnant or breastfeeding.
  3. The patient is a minor (\< 18 years of age).
  4. The patient has known chronic renal dysfunction requiring dialysis (creatinine ≥ 3.4 mg / dl or ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m²).
  5. The patient has acute, primarily non-infectious pancreatitis or mediastinitis.
  6. The patient has a > 40.
  7. The patient has any to study drug.
  8. The patient has participated in another clinical trial within the last 30 days.
  9. The patient is in a dependent or employment relationship with the sponsor or investigator.
  10. The patient is institutionalized by court or government order.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Life expectancy

The study doctor’s estimate of how long someone is likely to live. Criteria use it so that people can stay in the study long enough for it to answer its question.

Creatinine clearance (CrCl)

How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
200 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • No intervention
    Control arm

    Standard of Care treatment

  • Active comparator
    Verum arm

    Standard of Care treatment + Pentaglobin®

    Drug: Pentaglobin®/Standard of Care

Interventions

  • DrugPentaglobin®/Standard of Care

    Standard-of-Care treatment + Pentaglobin®

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Multiple Organ Failure (MOF) score (measured in lung, heart, kidney, liver, blood) from baseline to day 7 after surgical infectious source control in the context of peritonitis.

    The MOF score is determined in the morning. The following points are distributed per organ: Normal organ function: 0 points; organ dysfunction: 1 point; single organ failure: 2 points. A score \> 4 in the sum of the 5 organs indicates multiple organ failure. Patients who died before the MOF score are assigned a score of 10 points.

    Time frame: 7 days

Secondary outcomes

  1. Death within 28 days

    Evaluation of death within 28-days.

    Time frame: 28 days

  2. Death within 90 days

    Evaluation of death within 90-days.

    Time frame: 90 days

  3. Change in MOF Score from baseline to day 5

    Change in MOF Score from baseline to day 5.

    Time frame: 5 days

  4. Multi-Organ Failure (i.e., > 4 MOF points) on day 7

    MOF (i.e., \> 4 MOF points) on day 7.

    Time frame: 7 days

07

Study locations

12 of 20 sites recruiting
  • Medizinische Universität Wien, Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin
    Vienna, 1090, Austria
    Recruiting
    • · Contactana_abt_a@meduniwien.ac.at
    • Felix Kraft, Dr. med. univ. · Principal investigator
    • Ursula Burger-Klepp, Dr. · Sub investigator
  • Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Universitätsklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin
    Tübingen, Baden-Wurttemberg 72076, Germany
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site.

  • Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Klinik für Anästhesiologie
    Regensburg, Bavaria 93053, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · Contactalexander.leibold@ukr.de
    • Alexander Dejaco, Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Johanna Rosenberger, Dr. med. · Sub investigator
  • Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin
    Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia 45147, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · Contactpepper@uk-essen.de
    • Thorsten Brenner, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Simon Dubler, PD. Dr. med. · Sub investigator
  • Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin
    Berlin, State of Berlin 12203, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · Contactstefan.angermair@charite.de
    • Stefan Angermair, Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Golschan Asgarpur, Dr. med. · Sub investigator
  • Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Klinik für Operative Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care
    Aachen, 52074, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · ContactOPintensivmedizin@ukaachen.de
    • Gernot Marx, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Tim-Philipp Simon, PD Dr. med. · Sub investigator
  • Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum GmbH, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie
    Bochum, 44892, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · Contactanaesthesie@kk-bochum.de
    • Michael Adamzik, Univ. - Prof. Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Tim Rahmel, PD Dr. med. · Sub investigator
  • Klinikum Westfalen, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Dortmund, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, operative Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie
    Dortmund, 44309, Germany
    Terminated

    Not enrolling at this site.

  • Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie
    Dresden, 01307, Germany
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site.

  • Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Klinik für Anästhesiologie
    Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site.

  • Universitätklinikum Frankfurt, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie
    Frankfurt, 60590, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · Contactdirektion.anaesthesie@kgu.de
    • Kai Zacharowski, Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Michael Nordine, Dr. med. · Sub investigator
  • Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie
    Freiburg im Breisgau, 79106, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · Contactinfo@uniklinik-freiburg.de
    • Stefan Utzolino, Prof. Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Lampros Kousoulas, Dr. med. · Sub investigator
  • Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Klinik für Intensivmedizin
    Hamburg, 20246, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · Contactanaesthesiologie@uke.de
    • Axel Nierhaus, Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Stefan Kluge, Prof. Dr. med. · Sub investigator
  • Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Zentrum für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin
    Hanover, 30625, Germany
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site.

  • Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Anästhesiologische Klinik
    Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site.

  • Klinikum Magdeburg, Klinik für Intensivmedizin
    Magdeburg, 39130, Germany
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site.

  • Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie
    Mainz, 55131, Germany
    Withdrawn

    Not enrolling at this site.

  • Klinikum der Universität München, Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie
    München, 81377, Germany
    Recruiting
  • Klinikum Nürnberg, Klinik für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin
    Nuremberg, 90419, Germany
    Recruiting
  • Heinrich-Braun-Klinikum gGmbH, Klinik für Anästhesie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie
    Zwickau, 08060, Germany
    Recruiting
    • · Contactkains@hbk-zwickau.de
    • Udo Gottschaldt, Dr. med. · Principal investigator
    • Andreas Reske, Prof. Dr. med. · Sub investigator
08

References and documents

Publications

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  • Clec'h C, Fosse JP, Karoubi P, Vincent F, Chouahi I, Hamza L, Cupa M, Cohen Y. Differential diagnostic value of procalcitonin in surgical and medical patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2006 Jan;34(1):102-7. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000195012.54682.f3. PubMed 16374163 ↗
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  • Brunkhorst FM. [Sepsismarker--what is useful?]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2008 Nov;133(48):2512-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1100949. Epub 2008 Nov 19. No abstract available. German. PubMed 19021084 ↗
  • Christ-Crain M, Stolz D, Bingisser R, Muller C, Miedinger D, Huber PR, Zimmerli W, Harbarth S, Tamm M, Muller B. Procalcitonin guidance of antibiotic therapy in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Jul 1;174(1):84-93. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200512-1922OC. Epub 2006 Apr 7. PubMed 16603606 ↗
  • Van Snick J. Interleukin-6: an overview. Annu Rev Immunol. 1990;8:253-78. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.08.040190.001345. No abstract available. PubMed 2188664 ↗
  • Panacek EA, Marshall JC, Albertson TE, Johnson DH, Johnson S, MacArthur RD, Miller M, Barchuk WT, Fischkoff S, Kaul M, Teoh L, Van Meter L, Daum L, Lemeshow S, Hicklin G, Doig C; Monoclonal Anti-TNF: a Randomized Controlled Sepsis Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody F(ab')2 fragment afelimomab in patients with severe sepsis and elevated interleukin-6 levels. Crit Care Med. 2004 Nov;32(11):2173-82. doi: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000145229.59014.6c. PubMed 15640628 ↗
  • Kuster H, Weiss M, Willeitner AE, Detlefsen S, Jeremias I, Zbojan J, Geiger R, Lipowsky G, Simbruner G. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis 2 days before clinical manifestation. Lancet. 1998 Oct 17;352(9136):1271-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08148-3. PubMed 9788457 ↗
  • Meisel C, Schefold JC, Pschowski R, Baumann T, Hetzger K, Gregor J, Weber-Carstens S, Hasper D, Keh D, Zuckermann H, Reinke P, Volk HD. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Oct 1;180(7):640-8. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200903-0363OC. Epub 2009 Jul 9. PubMed 19590022 ↗
  • Schefold JC, von Haehling S, Corsepius M, Pohle C, Kruschke P, Zuckermann H, Volk HD, Reinke P. A novel selective extracorporeal intervention in sepsis: immunoadsorption of endotoxin, interleukin 6, and complement-activating product 5a. Shock. 2007 Oct;28(4):418-25. doi: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31804f5921. PubMed 17558345 ↗
  • Bermejo-Martin JF, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Herran-Monge R, Andaluz-Ojeda D, Muriel-Bombin A, Merino P, Garcia-Garcia MM, Citores R, Gandia F, Almansa R, Blanco J; GRECIA Group (Grupo de Estudios y Analisis en Cuidados Intensivos). Immunoglobulins IgG1, IgM and IgA: a synergistic team influencing survival in sepsis. J Intern Med. 2014 Oct;276(4):404-12. doi: 10.1111/joim.12265. Epub 2014 May 29. PubMed 24815605 ↗
  • Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Apostolidou E, Lada M, Perdios I, Gatselis NK, Tsangaris I, Georgitsi M, Bristianou M, Kanni T, Sereti K, Kyprianou MA, Kotanidou A, Armaganidis A; Hellenic Sepsis Study Group. Kinetics of circulating immunoglobulin M in sepsis: relationship with final outcome. Crit Care. 2013 Oct 21;17(5):R247. doi: 10.1186/cc13073. PubMed 24144038 ↗
  • Tamayo E, Fernandez A, Almansa R, Carrasco E, Goncalves L, Heredia M, Andaluz-Ojeda D, March G, Rico L, Gomez-Herreras JI, de Lejarazu RO, Bermejo-Martin JF. Beneficial role of endogenous immunoglobulin subclasses and isotypes in septic shock. J Crit Care. 2012 Dec;27(6):616-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2012.08.004. Epub 2012 Oct 22. PubMed 23089676 ↗
  • Koo DJ, Zhou M, Chaudry IH, Wang P. The role of adrenomedullin in producing differential hemodynamic responses during sepsis. J Surg Res. 2001 Feb;95(2):207-18. doi: 10.1006/jsre.2000.6013. PubMed 11162047 ↗
  • Wang P, Ba ZF, Cioffi WG, Bland KI, Chaudry IH. The pivotal role of adrenomedullin in producing hyperdynamic circulation during the early stage of sepsis. Arch Surg. 1998 Dec;133(12):1298-304. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.133.12.1298. PubMed 9865646 ↗
  • Marino R, Struck J, Maisel AS, Magrini L, Bergmann A, Di Somma S. Plasma adrenomedullin is associated with short-term mortality and vasopressor requirement in patients admitted with sepsis. Crit Care. 2014 Feb 17;18(1):R34. doi: 10.1186/cc13731. PubMed 24533868 ↗
  • Ueda S, Nishio K, Minamino N, Kubo A, Akai Y, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Fujimura Y, Yoshioka A, Masui K, Doi N, Murao Y, Miyamoto S. Increased plasma levels of adrenomedullin in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Jul;160(1):132-6. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.1.9810006. PubMed 10390390 ↗
  • Adamzik M, Frey UH, Mohlenkamp S, Scherag A, Waydhas C, Marggraf G, Dammann M, Steinmann J, Siffert W, Peters J. Aquaporin 5 gene promoter--1364A/C polymorphism associated with 30-day survival in severe sepsis. Anesthesiology. 2011 Apr;114(4):912-7. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e31820ca911. PubMed 21427539 ↗
  • Zhu Y, Qiu HB, Liu JT, Wang Y, Lin HY, Xu Y, Jiang L, Shi Y, Zhu X, Ning B, Cheng R, Xie ZY, Ma PL. [Effect of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms upon disease severity and outcome in septic patients]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2010 Apr 6;90(13):906-11. Chinese. PubMed 20646511 ↗
  • Thair SA, Walley KR, Nakada TA, McConechy MK, Boyd JH, Wellman H, Russell JA. A single nucleotide polymorphism in NF-kappaB inducing kinase is associated with mortality in septic shock. J Immunol. 2011 Feb 15;186(4):2321-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002864. Epub 2011 Jan 21. PubMed 21257964 ↗
  • Beyer K, Menges P, Kessler W, Heidecke CD. [Pathophysiology of peritonitis]. Chirurg. 2016 Jan;87(1):5-12. doi: 10.1007/s00104-015-0117-6. German. PubMed 26661744 ↗
  • Rodriguez A, Rello J, Neira J, Maskin B, Ceraso D, Vasta L, Palizas F. Effects of high-dose of intravenous immunoglobulin and antibiotics on survival for severe sepsis undergoing surgery. Shock. 2005 Apr;23(4):298-304. doi: 10.1097/01.shk.0000157302.69125.f8. PubMed 15803051 ↗
  • Cavazzuti I, Serafini G, Busani S, Rinaldi L, Biagioni E, Buoncristiano M, Girardis M. Early therapy with IgM-enriched polyclonal immunoglobulin in patients with septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Dec;40(12):1888-96. doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3474-6. Epub 2014 Sep 13. PubMed 25217146 ↗
  • Alejandria MM, Lansang MA, Dans LF, Mantaring JB 3rd. Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Sep 16;2013(9):CD001090. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001090.pub2. PubMed 24043371 ↗
  • Janssens U. [Treatment of sepsis and septic shock with immunoglobulins]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2014 Jan;139(5):178. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1329177. Epub 2014 Jan 21. No abstract available. German. PubMed 24449349 ↗
  • Reinhart K, Brunkhorst FM, Bone HG, Bardutzky J, Dempfle CE, Forst H, Gastmeier P, Gerlach H, Grundling M, John S, Kern W, Kreymann G, Kruger W, Kujath P, Marggraf G, Martin J, Mayer K, Meier-Hellmann A, Oppert M, Putensen C, Quintel M, Ragaller M, Rossaint R, Seifert H, Spies C, Stuber F, Weiler N, Weimann A, Werdan K, Welte T; German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive and Emergency Care Medicine; German Sepsis Society. [Prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care of sepsis. First revision of the S2k Guidelines of the German Sepsis Society (DSG) and the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive and Emergency Care Medicine (DIVI)]. Anaesthesist. 2010 Apr;59(4):347-70. doi: 10.1007/s00101-010-1719-5. No abstract available. German. PubMed 20414762 ↗
  • Goris RJ, te Boekhorst TP, Nuytinck JK, Gimbrere JS. Multiple-organ failure. Generalized autodestructive inflammation? Arch Surg. 1985 Oct;120(10):1109-15. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1985.01390340007001. PubMed 4038052 ↗
  • Lefering R, Goris RJ, van Nieuwenhoven EJ, Neugebauer E. Revision of the multiple organ failure score. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2002 Apr;387(1):14-20. doi: 10.1007/s00423-001-0269-3. Epub 2002 Jan 31. PubMed 11981679 ↗
  • Casserly B, Phillips GS, Schorr C, Dellinger RP, Townsend SR, Osborn TM, Reinhart K, Selvakumar N, Levy MM. Lactate measurements in sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion: results from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign database. Crit Care Med. 2015 Mar;43(3):567-73. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000742. PubMed 25479113 ↗
  • Weigelt JA. Empiric treatment options in the management of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Cleve Clin J Med. 2007 Aug;74 Suppl 4:S29-37. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.74.suppl_4.s29. PubMed 17847176 ↗
  • Wong PF, Gilliam AD, Kumar S, Shenfine J, O'Dair GN, Leaper DJ. Antibiotic regimens for secondary peritonitis of gastrointestinal origin in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Apr 18;2005(2):CD004539. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004539.pub2. PubMed 15846719 ↗
  • Mebazaa A, Laterre PF, Russell JA, Bergmann A, Gattinoni L, Gayat E, Harhay MO, Hartmann O, Hein F, Kjolbye AL, Legrand M, Lewis RJ, Marshall JC, Marx G, Radermacher P, Schroedter M, Scigalla P, Stough WG, Struck J, Van den Berghe G, Yilmaz MB, Angus DC. Designing phase 3 sepsis trials: application of learned experiences from critical care trials in acute heart failure. J Intensive Care. 2016 Mar 31;4:24. doi: 10.1186/s40560-016-0151-6. eCollection 2016. PubMed 27034779 ↗
  • Kalvelage C, Zacharowski K, Bauhofer A, Gockel U, Adamzik M, Nierhaus A, Kujath P, Eckmann C, Pletz MW, Bracht H, Simon TP, Winkler M, Kindgen-Milles D, Albertsmeier M, Weigand M, Ellger B, Ragaller M, Ullrich R, Marx G. Personalized medicine with IgGAM compared with standard of care for treatment of peritonitis after infectious source control (the PEPPER trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2019 Mar 4;20(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3244-4. PubMed 30832742 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 11, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03334006
Collaborators
Biotest
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Nov 7, 2017
Start date
Nov 20, 2017
Primary completion
Sep 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Mar 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jun 11, 2026

Study contacts

Center for Translational & Clinical Research (CTC-A)
Contact
PEPPER@ukaachen.de
Gernot Marx, Univ.-Prof.
principal investigator · RWTH Aachen University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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