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CompletedNCT02639416SAMUpdated Feb 25, 2021

Hypoallergenic and Anti-inflammatory Feeds in Malawian Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)

An interventional study of Polymeric formula and Elemental formula in Severe Malnutrition and Enteritis, sponsored by Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Completed at 1 site in Malawi. Open to participants aged 6 Months to 23 Months. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2021-02-25.

Sponsored by Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
95
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
6 Months to 23 Months
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Children with complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM), such as inability to take adequate feeds, infection and diarrhoea, require in-patient management. Despite following a well-established World Health Organisation (WHO) protocol, outcomes are poor. Case fatality often exceeds 20%. Amongst survivors discharged home, many subsequently die, have long-term poor growth or recurrence of SAM.

It has long been recognized that children with SAM have intestinal inflammation and that this persists despite management according to WHO guidelines. The inflammation is thought to result from increased exposure to microbial pathogens in the gut in areas with poor sanitation. The damaged lining of the intestine impairs food digestion and absorption, likely allows gut bacteria to enter the blood stream to cause sepsis and also exposes the gut immune cells to microbial and food antigens causing the inflammation to persist. Failure to treat the intestinal inflammation is likely to contribute to the poor response to treatment and poor long-term outcomes in many children with SAM.

The intestinal inflammation seen in SAM is very similar to that which occurs in food intolerance (e.g. intolerance to cow's milk protein) and inflammatory bowel disease. In these conditions, the inflammation is treated very effectively with hypoallergenic ("elemental") and anti-inflammatory ("polymeric") formulas. These are nutritionally complete feeds that have a similar composition to the feeds used for nutritional rehabilitation in SAM.

We aim to undertake a pilot study to see if an elemental and/or polymeric formula are tolerated by children with SAM and help to reduce intestinal inflammation. We also aim to learn more about the intestinal inflammation in general that occurs in SAM by observing carefully the effect of these specific formulae and to do in-depth metabolic analyses.

Read the detailed description

We will study children admitted to the Moyo ward at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi with complicated SAM. Following informed consent, children will be recruited once they have completed the initial stabilisation phase of management and enter the transition phase to nutritional rehabilitation. They will be randomly allocated to one of 3 arms, either 1) standard feeds (F-100 and/or ready-to-use therapeutic feeds), 2) a polymeric therapeutic formula or 3) an elemental therapeutic formula. The alternative feeds will be supplemented with micronutrients to be equivalent in composition to F-100. All children will remain admitted to the ward for 2 weeks and receive exclusively the allocated formula. All other aspects of the management of SAM will follow current practice based on WHO guidelines.

02

Conditions studied

  • Severe Malnutrition
  • Enteritis

Keywords

  • severe acute malnutrition
  • polymeric therapeutic formula
  • elemental therapeutic formula
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
6 Months to 23 Months
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 6-23 months
  • SAM diagnosed according to WHO criteria: (Weight-for-height z score \<-3 and/or mid-upper arm circumference \<11.5 cms and/or nutritional oedema)
  • Admitted to hospital because of SAM with medical complications or fails an appetite test
  • Completed stabilization phase and entering the second phase in refeeding; the transition Phase
  • Willing to stay on the ward for 2 weeks after the stabilization phase (travel expenses will be provided)

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Specific cause of malnutrition (e.g. cerebral palsy, other organ disease)
  • Sibling admitted with SAM at the same time
  • Unwilling to stay on ward for at least 2 weeks
  • Declined to give consent
  • Participating in another study
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
95 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Standard management

    Standard management consists of F-100 and/or ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) according to usual practice for 14 days

    Other: Standard management

  • Experimental
    Polymeric formula

    Exclusive polymeric formula supplemented with micronutrients in equivalent volume to F-100 for 14 days

    Dietary Supplement: Polymeric formula

  • Experimental
    Elemental formula

    Exclusive elemental formula supplemented with micronutrients in equivalent volume to F-100 for 14 days

    Dietary Supplement: Elemental formula

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementPolymeric formula

    Polymeric formulae are recommended in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in children

  • Dietary supplementElemental formula

    Elemental formulae are recommended in cow's milk and other food intolerances in children.

  • OtherStandard management

    Standard management with F-100 and/or RUTF

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in faecal calprotectin

    Validated marker of intestinal inflammation

    Time frame: 14 days

Secondary outcomes

  1. Days with diarrhoea

    number of days with 3 or more loose/watery stools

    Time frame: 1-14 days

  2. Weight gain

    change in weight in g/kg/day

    Time frame: 1-14 days

  3. Episodes of sepsis

    Clinical diagnosis

    Time frame: 1-14 days

  4. Death

    number of children who die

    Time frame: 1-14 days

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Moyo ward, Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital
    Blantyre, Southern Region Box 360, Malawi
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02639416
Lead sponsor
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Collaborators
University of Toronto, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Dec 24, 2015
Start date
Jan 1, 2016
Primary completion
Jan 11, 2017
Completion
Jan 11, 2017
Last update
Feb 25, 2021

Study contacts

Stephen J Allen, MD
principal investigator · Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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