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CompletedNCT02476578LIMITUpdated Apr 9, 2020Results posted

Low Indexes of Metabolism - Information to Teams (LIMIT)

An interventional study of Email in Weight Loss, Thinness and Malnutrition, sponsored by Clalit Health Services. Completed. Open to participants aged 75 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2020-04-09.

Sponsored by Clalit Health Services · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
8,584
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
75 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to determine whether alerting primary care providers by email about low values of BMI, HbA1c% or cholesterol will affect treatment and improve overall survival and other health indexes of people older than 75 years.

Read the detailed description

Scientific background

Interventions aimed to ameliorate malnutrition are important for elderly health and include dietary counseling and discontinuing unnecessary medicines.

Emailing an alert regarding low BMI was found to improve dietary counseling numbers.

Correlation between death and HbA1c% is U-shaped, with increased mortality under a 6.5% level in patients taking two anti-diabetic medicines. Sending an email alert regarding an over-tight control of diabetes was followed by a reduction in mortality.

Death and cholesterol correlation is also U-shaped, with increased mortality and morbidity under 160 mg%. The investigator found no interventional study for this situation.

Objectives

To check whether alerting the primary care providers by email, about low values of BMI, HbA1c% or cholesterol will affect treatment and improve health indexes of people older than 75 years.

Working hypotheses

During a year, and relative to the control group, intervention emails may result in the following:

  • A decrease in mortality.
  • An increase in dietary counseling percentage and a decrease in prescribing anti-diabetic and cholesterol-lowering medicines.
  • A decrease in medical expenses and in other morbidity indexes.

Type of research and methods of data collection

This randomized controlled trial will be conducted entirely through the existing computer system. The participants (patients) will be assigned to the two Arms/Groups "Intervention Email" and "Control". It has three separate interventions: a. Alerting about a significant drop in BMI. b. Alerting about a low HbA1c% level in patients taking anti-diabetics. c. Alerting about a low cholesterol level in patients taking cholesterol-lowering medicines. The alerts will be sent to the primary clinicians.

Method(s) of data analysis

Differences between intervention groups and control groups will be analyzed using Chi-square test (or Fishers' exact test) for categorical variables and using T-test (or Two-sample Wilcoxon test) for continuous variables.

Uniqueness and relevance

Health service policy regarding signs of malnutrition and excessive medicinal treatment needs a relevant scientific knowledge base. Nutritional counseling and revision of medicinal treatment may dramatically affect health. This research deals with questions that have no commercial interest, but are important to the public.

02

Conditions studied

  • Weight Loss
  • Thinness
  • Malnutrition

Keywords

  • Hypocholesterolemia
  • Frail Elderly
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cholesterol
  • Clinical Laboratory Information Systems
  • Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated
  • diet therapy
  • Anticholesteremic Agents
  • Health Services for the Aged
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Hypoglycemia
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
75 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • All found by computerized search in the data base of Clalit Health Services North and South districts:
    1. A drop in BMI of 2 Kg/m\^2 or more during previous two years AND
  • BMI less than 23 Kg/m\^2 AND
  • No dietitian counseling during previous year
  • OR
    1. Last HbA1c% level of 6.5% or less AND
  • dispensing anti-diabetic medicines during previous 2 months
  • OR
    1. Last total cholesterol less than 160 mg/dL AND
  • dispensing cholesterol-lowering medicines during previous 2 months

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Patients whose their primary doctor and nurse email address is unobtainable
  • For criterion 3: Patients diagnosed to have had a myocardial infarction, an ischemic heart disease, a transient ischemic attack or an ischemic stroke.
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
8,584 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intervention Email

    An email is sent, alerting the primary care providers about low values of BMI, HbA1c% or cholesterol and advising to consider appropriate dietary and medical revision.

    Other: Email

  • No intervention
    Control

    No email is sent.

Interventions

  • OtherEmail

    Automated Email to the primary doctor and nurse, with the details of the patient, the condition found and the relevant measures to consider.

    Also known as: "Dry Counseling"

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Death From Any Cause

    Impact on overall-survival

    Time frame: 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Impact on Evaluation Rate

    Percentage of patients evaluated by a nurse and counseled by a dietitian

    Time frame: 1 year

  2. Impact on Medical Costs

    Medical expenses to the medical insurer, including hospitalizations, consultations, examinations, devices and medicines.

    Time frame: 1 year

  3. Impact on a Composite Measure of Medical Treatment

    A composite measure of doses of prescribed anti-diabetic and cholesterol-lowering medicines - According to relevant alert by email.

    Time frame: 1 year

06

Results

Posted Jul 29, 2019

Participant flow

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneIntervention EmailControl
Started43104274
Died before email was sent3543
Left before end of trial613
Completed42694218
Not completed4156
Withdrew: Died before email was sent (<9.11.2015)3543
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up613

Outcome measures

PrimaryDeath From Any Cause

Impact on overall-survival

Time frame:
1 year
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Death From Any Cause
ParticipantsIntervention EmailControl
Death From Any Cause285245
SecondaryImpact on Evaluation Rate

Percentage of patients evaluated by a nurse and counseled by a dietitian

Time frame:
1 year
Reported as:
Count of participants · Participants
Impact on Evaluation Rate
ParticipantsIntervention EmailControl
Impact on Evaluation Rate33873337
SecondaryImpact on Medical Costs

Medical expenses to the medical insurer, including hospitalizations, consultations, examinations, devices and medicines.

Time frame:
1 year

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

SecondaryImpact on a Composite Measure of Medical Treatment

A composite measure of doses of prescribed anti-diabetic and cholesterol-lowering medicines - According to relevant alert by email.

Time frame:
1 year

No measurements were reported for this outcome.

Adverse events

Collected over Adverse event data were collected for 1 year. Non-serious events are listed at a 0% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Intervention Email285/4,269 (6.7%)0/4,269 (0%)0/4,269 (0%)
Control245/4,218 (5.8%)0/4,218 (0%)0/4,218 (0%)

Baseline characteristics

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Intervention EmailControlTotal
Mean80.6 ± 4.780.8 ± 4.980.7 ± 4.8
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Intervention EmailControlTotal
Female248424454929
Male178517733558
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected(Participants)Intervention EmailControlTotal
Count of participants——0
Region of Enrollment
Region of Enrollment(participants)Intervention EmailControlTotal
Israel426942188487
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI)(kg/m^2)Intervention EmailControlTotal
Mean28.7 ± 5.928.8 ± 5.928.8 ± 5.9
HbA1c% Mean (Standard Deviation)
HbA1c% Mean (Standard Deviation)(%)Intervention EmailControlTotal
Mean6.51 ± 1.056.46 ± 1.006.49 ± 1.02
Total Cholesterol Mean (Standard Deviation)
Total Cholesterol Mean (Standard Deviation)(mg/dL)Intervention EmailControlTotal
Mean154.61 ± 33.88154.23 ± 33.60154.42 ± 33.74
07

Study locations

No study locations are listed for this record.

08

References and documents

Publications

  • Flegal KM, Kit BK, Orpana H, Graubard BI. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013 Jan 2;309(1):71-82. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.113905. PubMed 23280227 ↗
  • Giovannelli J, Coevoet V, Vasseur C, Gheysens A, Basse B, Houyengah F. How can screening for malnutrition among hospitalized patients be improved? An automatic e-mail alert system when admitting previously malnourished patients. Clin Nutr. 2015 Oct;34(5):868-73. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.008. Epub 2014 Sep 18. PubMed 25277380 ↗
  • Iribarren C, Reed DM, Chen R, Yano K, Dwyer JH. Low serum cholesterol and mortality. Which is the cause and which is the effect? Circulation. 1995 Nov 1;92(9):2396-403. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.92.9.2396. PubMed 7586337 ↗
  • Currie CJ, Peters JR, Tynan A, Evans M, Heine RJ, Bracco OL, Zagar T, Poole CD. Survival as a function of HbA(1c) in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2010 Feb 6;375(9713):481-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61969-3. Epub 2010 Jan 26. PubMed 20110121 ↗
  • Tsabar N, Press Y, Rotman J, Klein B, Grossman Y, Vainshtein-Tal M, Eilat-Tsanani S. A Randomized Trial of Alerting to Low Glycated Hemoglobin Level in Older Adults: Results of the Low Indexes of Metabolism Intervention Trial B (LIMIT-B). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Feb;21(2):277-280.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.08.004. Epub 2019 Oct 3. PubMed 31588026 ↗
  • Tsabar N, Press Y, Rotman J, Klein B, Grossman Y, Vainshtein-Tal M, Eilat-Tsanani S. A Randomized Trial of Alerting to Hypocholesterolemia Results of the Low Indexes of Metabolism Intervention Trial-C (LIMIT-C). J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Mar;21(3):410-414. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.08.018. Epub 2019 Oct 12. PubMed 31610995 ↗
  • Tsabar N, Press Y, Rotman J, Klein B, Grossman Y, Vainshtein-Tal M, Eilat-Tsanani S. Randomized trial results of alerting primary clinicians to severe weight loss among older adults in the Low Indexes of Metabolism Intervention Trial part A. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020 Apr;20(4):329-335. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13888. Epub 2020 Feb 16. PubMed 32064727 ↗
  • Tsabar N, Press Y, Rotman J, Klein B, Grossman Y, Vainshtein-Tal M, Eilat-Tsanani S. The low indexes of metabolism intervention trial (LIMIT): design and baseline data of a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate how alerting primary care teams to low metabolic values, could affect the health of patients aged 75 or older. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 Jan 5;18(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2812-0. PubMed 29301522 ↗

Study documents

  • Protocol and statistical analysis plan · Oct 13, 2015

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request to email nir.tsabar@clalit.org.il. Shared data will not include exact dates, exact lab results or any data that might expose the identity of patients. Also, commercial data such as drug brands or costs may not be shared.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Sap

09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02476578
Lead sponsor
Clalit Health Services
Responsible party
Dr. Nir Tsabar (North District Principal Geriatrician, Clalit Health Services) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 19, 2015
Start date
Oct 2015
Primary completion
Nov 2016
Completion
Nov 2016
Results posted
Jul 29, 2019
Last update
Apr 9, 2020

Study contacts

Nir Tsabar, MD/PhD
principal investigator · ClalitHS North District Principal Geriatrist

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Mar 2020. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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