A Phase 2 interventional study of Bardoxolone methyl and Placebo in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Pulmonary Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Disease, sponsored by Biogen. Completed at 32 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-10.
Sponsored by Biogen · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment
This study assesses the safety and efficacy of bardoxolone methyl relative to placebo in patients with pulmonary hypertension to determine the recommended dose range, evaluate the change from baseline in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and determine the effect of Bardoxolone methyl in pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease, interstitial lung disease, and idiopathic etiologies, including subsets of patients with WHO Group III or WHO Group V PH following 16 weeks of study participation.
The molecular and pharmacological effects of bardoxolone methyl are broad through its induction of Nrf2 and suppression of NF-κB. Bardoxolone methyl may therefore address multiple facets of the pathophysiology of PH because it suppresses activation of proinflammatory mediators, enhances endothelial NO bioavailability, improves metabolic dysfunction, suppresses vascular proliferation, and prevents maladaptive remodeling. Furthermore, while existing therapies primarily target only smooth muscle cells, bardoxolone methyl targets multiple cell types relevant to PH, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages.
This is a two-part study.
Part 1: Part 1 of the study will include a dose-ranging phase and a dose-titration phase.
Part 2 (extension period): All patients from Part 1 who complete the 16-week treatment period as planned will be eligible to continue directly into the extension period to evaluate the intermediate and long-term safety and efficacy of bardoxolone methyl.
2,044 studies on the registry are indexed under Pneumonia; 283 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 166 is above the median of 106 across 1,247 interventional studies indexed under Pneumonia.
Browse Pneumonia studies →Biogen is the lead sponsor of 494 studies on the registry; 22 are open to participants now.
Of its 98 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 49 (50%) have results posted.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
WHO Group I, III, or V PH according to the following criteria:
If diagnosed with WHO Group I PAH, then on of the following subtypes:
If WHO Group III PH then primary diagnosis must be one of the following subtypes:
Exclusion Criteria:
Has a history of clinically significant left-sided heart disease and/or clinically significant cardiac disease,including but not limited to any of the following:
For patients with HIV-associated PAH, any of the following:
Participants received bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl
Participants received bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl
Participants received bardoxolone methyl 10 mg once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl 10 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl
Participants received bardoxolone methyl 20 mg once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl 20 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl
Participants received bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg matching placebo capsules once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 received bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo
Participants received bardoxolone methyl 5 mg matching placebo capsules once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 received bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo
Participants received bardoxolone methyl 10 mg matching placebo capsules once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 received bardoxolone methyl 10 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo
Participants received bardoxolone methyl 20 mg matching placebo capsules once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 received bardoxolone methyl 20 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo
Participants in Part 1 started with bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily from Day 1 and escalated to bardoxolone methyl 10 mg once-daily starting at Week 4 thru Week 16. Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl dose once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl
Participants in Part 1 received Placebo once-daily from Day 1 thru Week 16. Participants who continued to Part 2 initially received bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily from Week 16 thru Week 20 and bardoxolone methyl 10 mg from week 20 onwards
Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo
Also known as: RTA 402 capsules
Change From Baseline Though Week 16 in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) for Bardoxolone Methyl Compared to Placebo
Overall treatment effect in exercise capacity, as measured by the total distance walked in 6 minutes (6MWD) mean change from baseline though Week 16. A lower 6MWD reflects greater severity thus, a positive change from baseline suggests an improvement.
Time frame: Baseline through Week 16
| Milestone | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 6 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 74 | 38 |
| Cohort 1: pah (bl 6mwd <= 450 meters) | 6 | 6 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Cohort 2: pah (bl 6mwd > 450 meters) | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Cohort 3a: pah ctd | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 8 |
| Cohort 3b: pah non-ctd | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 9 |
| Cohort 4a: ph ctd-ild | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 8 |
| Cohort 4b: ph ctd-ipf | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 |
| Cohort 4c: ph ctd-iip | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| Cohort 4d: ph ctd-sarcoidosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| Completed | 5 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 66 | 33 |
| Not completed | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 5 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Withdrew: Death | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Protocol violation | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| Withdrew: Progressive disease | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Milestone | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Started | 5 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 63 | 33 |
| Cohort 1: pah (bl 6mwd <= 450 meters) | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Cohort 2: pah (bl 6mwd > 450 meters) | 0 | 6 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Cohort 3a: pah ctd | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 8 |
| Cohort 3b: pah non-ctd | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 7 |
| Cohort 4a: ph ctd-ild | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 7 |
| Cohort 4b: ph ctd-ipf | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 2 |
| Cohort 4c: ph ctd-iip | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Cohort 4d: ph ctd-sarcoidosis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 8 |
| Completed | 5 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 54 | 28 |
| Not completed | 0 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 5 |
| Withdrew: Adverse event | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 3 |
| Withdrew: Protocol violation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Withdrew: Progressive disease | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Overall treatment effect in exercise capacity, as measured by the total distance walked in 6 minutes (6MWD) mean change from baseline though Week 16. A lower 6MWD reflects greater severity thus, a positive change from baseline suggests an improvement.
| meters | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline though Week 16 for participants with PAH | 32.5 ± 29.14 | 24 ± 30.08 | 3.4 ± 31.28 | -3.2 ± 39.53 | 20.3 ± 13.08 | 24.6 ± 59.4 | 23.8 ± 34.54 | -21.8 ± 4.17 | 13.9 ± 41.15 | 19.4 ± 21.06 |
| Change from Baseline though Week 16 for participants with PH | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 7.6 ± 32.01 | 10.8 ± 32.01 |
Collected over Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16). Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 onwards). Part 2 is the extension period and patients were to stay until study drug became available through extended access program [Study 402-C-1602].. Non-serious events are listed at a 2% frequency threshold.
| Group | Deaths | Serious | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | 0/6 (0%) | 0/6 (0%) | 5/6 (83.3%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | 0/12 (0%) | 1/12 (8.3%) | 11/12 (91.7%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | 0/11 (0%) | 0/11 (0%) | 10/11 (90.9%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | 0/12 (0%) | 2/12 (16.7%) | 12/12 (100%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | 0/2 (0%) | 0/2 (0%) | 2/2 (100%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | 0/4 (0%) | 0/4 (0%) | 4/4 (100%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | 0/3 (0%) | 0/3 (0%) | 3/3 (100%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | 0/4 (0%) | 1/4 (25%) | 4/4 (100%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | 1/74 (1.4%) | 7/74 (9.5%) | 64/74 (86.5%) |
| Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | 0/38 (0%) | 2/38 (5.3%) | 33/38 (86.8%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | 0/5 (0%) | 2/5 (40%) | 5/5 (100%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | 0/11 (0%) | 5/11 (45.5%) | 11/11 (100%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | 0/6 (0%) | 3/6 (50%) | 6/6 (100%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | 0/9 (0%) | 6/9 (66.7%) | 8/9 (88.9%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | 0/1 (0%) | 0/1 (0%) | 1/1 (100%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | 0/3 (0%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 2/3 (66.7%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | 0/3 (0%) | 2/3 (66.7%) | 3/3 (100%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | 0/3 (0%) | 1/3 (33.3%) | 3/3 (100%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | 0/63 (0%) | 9/63 (14.3%) | 50/63 (79.4%) |
| Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | 0/33 (0%) | 9/33 (27.3%) | 30/33 (90.9%) |
| Event | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-cardiac chest painGeneral disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 1/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| BronchitisInfections and infestations | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| Subdural haematomaInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| Pain in extremityMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 1/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 1/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| DizzinessNervous system disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 1/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| DeliriumPsychiatric disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 1/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| Fluid overloadMetabolism and nutrition disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 1/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 1/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 1/63 | 0/33 |
| Muscular weaknessMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 1/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| Hip fractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 1/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| OsteoarthritisMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 1/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 0/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| Event | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PalpitationsCardiac disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 2/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 2/74 | 0/38 | 1/5 | 1/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 1/1 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 1/33 |
| DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders | 0/6 | 2/12 | 2/11 | 2/12 | 0/2 | 1/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 10/74 | 3/38 | 2/5 | 2/11 | 0/6 | 1/9 | 1/1 | 0/3 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 1/63 | 7/33 |
| FatigueGeneral disorders | 0/6 | 1/12 | 1/11 | 2/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 1/3 | 0/4 | 7/74 | 4/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 3/6 | 1/9 | 1/1 | 1/3 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 4/63 | 4/33 |
| Alanine aminotransferase increasedInvestigations | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 1/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 5/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 1/6 | 0/9 | 1/1 | 0/3 | 1/3 | 0/3 | 1/63 | 2/33 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase increasedInvestigations | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 1/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 4/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 1/6 | 0/9 | 1/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 1/63 | 1/33 |
| Burning sensationNervous system disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 1/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| DizzinessNervous system disorders | 0/6 | 1/12 | 1/11 | 2/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 1/4 | 4/74 | 3/38 | 1/5 | 1/11 | 1/6 | 1/9 | 1/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
| ParaesthesiaNervous system disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 1/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 1/33 |
| TremorNervous system disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 1/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 1/63 | 0/33 |
| Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorderPsychiatric disorders | 0/6 | 0/12 | 0/11 | 0/12 | 0/2 | 0/4 | 0/3 | 0/4 | 0/74 | 0/38 | 0/5 | 0/11 | 0/6 | 0/9 | 1/1 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/3 | 0/63 | 0/33 |
Intent-to-treat (ITT) population, which included all randomized patients.
| Age, Continuous(years) | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) | 52.5 ± 7.15 | 52.8 ± 14.84 | 50.6 ± 16.33 | 49.6 ± 13.06 | 53 ± 15.56 | 39.5 ± 11.27 | 54.7 ± .58 | 51.3 ± 8.54 | 56.4 ± 12.41 | 55.6 ± 12.7 | 54.3 ± 12.8 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) | 54.6 ± 5.55 | 53.4 ± 15.4 | 59.2 ± 10.26 | 51 ± 14.76 | 64 ± 0 | 40 ± 13.75 | 54.7 ± .58 | 47.7 ± 5.69 | 56.5 ± 12.23 | 56.7 ± 12.44 | 55.5 ± 12.38 |
| Sex: Female, Male(Participants) | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Female | 4 | 10 | 8 | 11 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 54 | 27 | 124 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Male | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 11 | 42 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Female | 4 | 9 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 47 | 24 | 106 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Male | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 16 | 9 | 31 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Hispanic or Latino | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 7 | 26 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Not Hispanic or Latino | 4 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 62 | 31 | 140 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Hispanic or Latino | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 7 | 21 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Not Hispanic or Latino | 3 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 53 | 26 | 116 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants) | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Asian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Black or African American | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 9 | 31 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — White | 6 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 54 | 28 | 130 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — More than one race | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Asian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Black or African American | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 5 | 23 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — White | 5 | 10 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 47 | 28 | 111 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — More than one race | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Unknown or Not Reported | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)(meters) | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | 412 ± 19.7 | 425.8 ± 81 | 385.7 ± 55.45 | 454.5 ± 93.01 | 358 ± 96.17 | 418.9 ± 71.18 | 367 ± 46.02 | 449.3 ± 84.64 | 380.8 ± 96.46 | 395.2 ± 84.99 | 396.2 ± 88.32 |
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