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CompletedNCT02036970Updated Jun 10, 2025Results posted

Bardoxolone Methyl Evaluation in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) - LARIAT

A Phase 2 interventional study of Bardoxolone methyl and Placebo in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Pulmonary Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Disease, sponsored by Biogen. Completed at 32 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-06-10.

Sponsored by Biogen · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
166
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study assesses the safety and efficacy of bardoxolone methyl relative to placebo in patients with pulmonary hypertension to determine the recommended dose range, evaluate the change from baseline in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) and determine the effect of Bardoxolone methyl in pulmonary hypertension associated with connective tissue disease, interstitial lung disease, and idiopathic etiologies, including subsets of patients with WHO Group III or WHO Group V PH following 16 weeks of study participation.

Read the detailed description

The molecular and pharmacological effects of bardoxolone methyl are broad through its induction of Nrf2 and suppression of NF-κB. Bardoxolone methyl may therefore address multiple facets of the pathophysiology of PH because it suppresses activation of proinflammatory mediators, enhances endothelial NO bioavailability, improves metabolic dysfunction, suppresses vascular proliferation, and prevents maladaptive remodeling. Furthermore, while existing therapies primarily target only smooth muscle cells, bardoxolone methyl targets multiple cell types relevant to PH, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages.

This is a two-part study.

Part 1: Part 1 of the study will include a dose-ranging phase and a dose-titration phase.

Part 2 (extension period): All patients from Part 1 who complete the 16-week treatment period as planned will be eligible to continue directly into the extension period to evaluate the intermediate and long-term safety and efficacy of bardoxolone methyl.

02

Conditions studied

  • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Interstitial Lung Disease
  • Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia
  • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Respiratory Bronchiolitis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
  • Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia
  • Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
  • Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis
  • Idiopathic Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia
  • Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis

Keywords

  • Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
  • PAH
  • Bardoxolone methyl
  • 6-minute walk distance
  • CDDO-me
  • RTA 402
  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Interstitial Lung Disease
  • Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia
  • Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Respiratory Bronchiolitis Associated ILD
  • Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia
  • Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
  • Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis
  • Idiopathic Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia
  • Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
03

In context

Pneumonia

2,044 studies on the registry are indexed under Pneumonia; 283 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 166 is above the median of 106 across 1,247 interventional studies indexed under Pneumonia.

Browse Pneumonia studies →

Lead sponsor

Biogen is the lead sponsor of 494 studies on the registry; 22 are open to participants now.

Of its 98 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 49 (50%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Adult male and female patients ≥ 18 to ≤ 75 years of age upon study consent;
  2. BMI > 18.5 kg/m²
  3. Symptomatic pulmonary hypertension WHO class II and III;
  4. WHO Group I, III, or V PH according to the following criteria:

    1. If diagnosed with WHO Group I PAH, then on of the following subtypes:

      • Idiopathic or heritable PAH;
      • PAH associated with connective tissue disease;
      • PAH associated with simple, congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts at least 1 year following shunt repair;
      • PAH associated with anorexigen or drug-induced toxicity;
      • PAH associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); or
    2. If WHO Group III PH then primary diagnosis must be one of the following subtypes:

      • Connective tissue disease associated ILD (CTD-ILD);
      • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF);
      • Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP); or
    3. If WHO Group V PH then patient must be diagnosed with sarcoidosis;
  5. Had a diagnostic right heart catheterization performed and documented within 36 months prior to Day 1 that confirmed a diagnosis of PH
  6. If WHO Group I, has been receiving no more than three (3) FDA-approved disease-specific PAH therapies except for intravenous (iv) prostacyclin/prostacyclin analogues. PAH therapy must be at a stable dose for at least 90 days prior to Day 1;
  7. Has adequate kidney function defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) 4-variable formula;

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Participation in other interventional clinical studies involving pharmaceutical products being tested or used in a way different from the approved form or when used for an unapproved indication within 30 days prior to Day 1;
  2. Initiation of an exercise program for cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation within 3 months (90 days) prior to Day 1 or planned initiation during Part 1 of the study;
  3. Stopped receiving any PH chronic therapy within 60 days prior to Day 1;
  4. Requirement for receipt of intravenous inotropes within 30 days prior to Day 1;
  5. Has uncontrolled systemic hypertension as evidenced by sitting systolic blood pressure (BP) > 160 mm Hg or sitting diastolic blood pressure > 100 mm Hg during Screening after a period of rest;
  6. Has systolic BP \< 90 mm Hg during Screening after a period of rest;
  7. WHO Group III or V patients who at rest require supplemental oxygen at a rate of >4 L/min and have peripheral capillary oxygen saturation levels \<92%;
  8. Has a history of clinically significant left-sided heart disease and/or clinically significant cardiac disease,including but not limited to any of the following:

    1. Congenital or acquired valvular disease if clinically significant apart from tricuspid valvular insufficiency due to pulmonary hypertension;
    2. Pericardial constriction;
    3. Restrictive or congestive cardiomyopathy;
    4. Left ventricular ejection fraction \< 40% per echocardiogram (ECHO) within 60 days of Day 1;
    5. Any current or prior history of symptomatic coronary disease (prior myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or anginal chest pain);
  9. Acutely decompensated heart failure within 30 days prior to Day 1, as per Investigator assessment;
  10. History of atrial septostomy within 180 days prior to Day 1;
  11. History of obstructive sleep apnea that is untreated;
  12. Has a history of portal hypertension or chronic liver disease, including hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C (with evidence of recent infection and/or active virus replication) defined as mild to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class A-C);
  13. Serum aminotransferase (ALT or AST) levels > the upper limit of normal (ULN) at Screening;
  14. For patients with HIV-associated PAH, any of the following:

    1. Concomitant active opportunistic infections within 180 days prior to Screening;
    2. Detectable viral load within 90 days prior to Screening;
    3. Cluster designation (CD+) T-cell count \< 200 mm3 within 90 days prior to Screening;
    4. Changes in antiretroviral regimen within 90 days prior to Screening;
    5. Using inhaled pentamidine
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Sequential assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
166 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Part 1 Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label

    Participants received bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl

  • Experimental
    Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label

    Participants received bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl

  • Experimental
    Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label

    Participants received bardoxolone methyl 10 mg once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl 10 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl

  • Experimental
    Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label

    Participants received bardoxolone methyl 20 mg once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl 20 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl

  • Placebo comparator
    Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg

    Participants received bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg matching placebo capsules once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 received bardoxolone methyl 2.5 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo

  • Placebo comparator
    Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone methyl 5 mg

    Participants received bardoxolone methyl 5 mg matching placebo capsules once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 received bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo

  • Placebo comparator
    Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone methyl 10 mg

    Participants received bardoxolone methyl 10 mg matching placebo capsules once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 received bardoxolone methyl 10 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo

  • Placebo comparator
    Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone methyl 20 mg

    Participants received bardoxolone methyl 20 mg matching placebo capsules once-daily in Part 1 (Day 1 to Week 16). Participants who continued to Part 2 received bardoxolone methyl 20 mg once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo

  • Experimental
    Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone methyl 10 mg

    Participants in Part 1 started with bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily from Day 1 and escalated to bardoxolone methyl 10 mg once-daily starting at Week 4 thru Week 16. Participants who continued to Part 2 continued to receive the same bardoxolone methyl dose once-daily in Part 2 (Week 16 and onwards)

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl

  • Placebo comparator
    Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone methyl 10 mg

    Participants in Part 1 received Placebo once-daily from Day 1 thru Week 16. Participants who continued to Part 2 initially received bardoxolone methyl 5 mg once-daily from Week 16 thru Week 20 and bardoxolone methyl 10 mg from week 20 onwards

    Drug: Bardoxolone methyl · Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • DrugBardoxolone methyl

    Also known as: RTA 402 capsules

  • DrugPlacebo
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change From Baseline Though Week 16 in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) for Bardoxolone Methyl Compared to Placebo

    Overall treatment effect in exercise capacity, as measured by the total distance walked in 6 minutes (6MWD) mean change from baseline though Week 16. A lower 6MWD reflects greater severity thus, a positive change from baseline suggests an improvement.

    Time frame: Baseline through Week 16

07

Results

Posted Jul 23, 2021

Participant flow

Part 1: Day 1 Through Week 16
Participant flow — Part 1: Day 1 Through Week 16
MilestonePart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg
Started612111224347438
Cohort 1: pah (bl 6mwd <= 450 meters)66116223200
Cohort 2: pah (bl 6mwd > 450 meters)0606020200
Cohort 3a: pah ctd00000000148
Cohort 3b: pah non-ctd00000000169
Cohort 4a: ph ctd-ild00000000178
Cohort 4b: ph ctd-ipf0000000062
Cohort 4c: ph ctd-iip0000000041
Cohort 4d: ph ctd-sarcoidosis00000000171
Completed5127913336633
Not completed1043110185
Withdrew: Adverse event0032010131
Withdrew: Death0000000010
Withdrew: Protocol violation1010000020
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject0000100024
Withdrew: Progressive disease0001000000
Part 2: Week 16 Onwards
Participant flow — Part 2: Week 16 Onwards
MilestonePart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg
Started5116913336333
Cohort 1: pah (bl 6mwd <= 450 meters)5565113200
Cohort 2: pah (bl 6mwd > 450 meters)0604020100
Cohort 3a: pah ctd00000000128
Cohort 3b: pah non-ctd00000000127
Cohort 4a: ph ctd-ild00000000167
Cohort 4b: ph ctd-ipf0000000052
Cohort 4c: ph ctd-iip0000000031
Cohort 4d: ph ctd-sarcoidosis00000000158
Completed563703225428
Not completed0532101195
Withdrew: Adverse event0211101063
Withdrew: Protocol violation0000000100
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject0110000030
Withdrew: Progressive disease0211000002

Outcome measures

PrimaryChange From Baseline Though Week 16 in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) for Bardoxolone Methyl Compared to Placebo

Overall treatment effect in exercise capacity, as measured by the total distance walked in 6 minutes (6MWD) mean change from baseline though Week 16. A lower 6MWD reflects greater severity thus, a positive change from baseline suggests an improvement.

Time frame:
Baseline through Week 16
Reported as:
Mean · meters
Change From Baseline Though Week 16 in 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) for Bardoxolone Methyl Compared to Placebo
metersPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg
Change from Baseline though Week 16 for participants with PAH32.5 ± 29.1424 ± 30.083.4 ± 31.28-3.2 ± 39.5320.3 ± 13.0824.6 ± 59.423.8 ± 34.54-21.8 ± 4.1713.9 ± 41.1519.4 ± 21.06
Change from Baseline though Week 16 for participants with PH————————7.6 ± 32.0110.8 ± 32.01
Statistical analysis
  • Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label vs Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label vs Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label vs Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label vs Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg vs Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg vs Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg vs Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg vs Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg vs Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg · Mixed Models Analysis · p = 0.8133 (The p-value comparison is for the difference in the change in 6WMD from baseline at Week 16 for bardoxolone methyl relative to placebo in participants with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).) · Mean difference (net): -1.74 · 95% CI -16.22 to 12.74Mean difference (Net) = Bardoxolone methyl - Placebo.
  • Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg vs Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg · Mixed Models Analysis · p = 0.759 (The p-value comparison is for the difference in the change in 6WMD from baseline at Week 16 for bardoxolone methyl relative to placebo in participants with pulmonary hypertension (PH)) · Mean difference (net): -3.17 · 95% CI -23.54 to 17.20Mean difference (Net) = Bardoxolone methyl - Placebo.

Adverse events

Collected over Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16). Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 onwards). Part 2 is the extension period and patients were to stay until study drug became available through extended access program [Study 402-C-1602].. Non-serious events are listed at a 2% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label0/6 (0%)0/6 (0%)5/6 (83.3%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label0/12 (0%)1/12 (8.3%)11/12 (91.7%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label0/11 (0%)0/11 (0%)10/11 (90.9%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label0/12 (0%)2/12 (16.7%)12/12 (100%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg0/2 (0%)0/2 (0%)2/2 (100%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg0/4 (0%)0/4 (0%)4/4 (100%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg0/3 (0%)0/3 (0%)3/3 (100%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg0/4 (0%)1/4 (25%)4/4 (100%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg1/74 (1.4%)7/74 (9.5%)64/74 (86.5%)
Part 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg0/38 (0%)2/38 (5.3%)33/38 (86.8%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label0/5 (0%)2/5 (40%)5/5 (100%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-Label0/11 (0%)5/11 (45.5%)11/11 (100%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-Label0/6 (0%)3/6 (50%)6/6 (100%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-Label0/9 (0%)6/9 (66.7%)8/9 (88.9%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg0/1 (0%)0/1 (0%)1/1 (100%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg0/3 (0%)1/3 (33.3%)2/3 (66.7%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg0/3 (0%)2/3 (66.7%)3/3 (100%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg0/3 (0%)1/3 (33.3%)3/3 (100%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg0/63 (0%)9/63 (14.3%)50/63 (79.4%)
Part 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg0/33 (0%)9/33 (27.3%)30/33 (90.9%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 60
Most frequent serious events
EventPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg
Non-cardiac chest painGeneral disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/41/740/380/50/110/60/90/10/31/30/30/630/33
BronchitisInfections and infestations0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/380/50/110/60/90/10/31/30/30/630/33
Subdural haematomaInjury, poisoning and procedural complications0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/380/50/110/60/90/10/31/30/30/630/33
Pain in extremityMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/31/40/740/380/50/110/60/90/10/30/31/30/630/33
DizzinessNervous system disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/380/50/111/60/90/11/30/30/30/630/33
DeliriumPsychiatric disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/380/50/110/60/90/10/30/31/30/630/33
Fluid overloadMetabolism and nutrition disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/31/40/740/380/51/110/60/90/10/30/30/31/630/33
Muscular weaknessMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/31/40/740/380/50/110/60/90/10/30/30/30/630/33
Hip fractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/381/50/110/60/90/10/30/30/30/630/33
OsteoarthritisMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/381/50/110/60/90/10/30/30/30/630/33
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 310
Most frequent other events
EventPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 2 Period of Part 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg
PalpitationsCardiac disorders0/60/120/112/120/20/40/30/42/740/381/51/110/60/91/11/30/30/30/631/33
DiarrhoeaGastrointestinal disorders0/62/122/112/120/21/40/30/410/743/382/52/110/61/91/10/31/30/31/637/33
FatigueGeneral disorders0/61/121/112/120/20/41/30/47/744/380/50/113/61/91/11/31/30/34/634/33
Alanine aminotransferase increasedInvestigations0/60/120/111/120/20/40/30/45/740/380/50/111/60/91/10/31/30/31/632/33
Aspartate aminotransferase increasedInvestigations0/60/120/111/120/20/40/30/44/740/380/50/111/60/91/10/30/30/31/631/33
Burning sensationNervous system disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/380/50/110/60/91/10/30/30/30/630/33
DizzinessNervous system disorders0/61/121/112/120/20/40/31/44/743/381/51/111/61/91/10/30/30/30/630/33
ParaesthesiaNervous system disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/380/50/110/60/91/10/30/30/30/631/33
TremorNervous system disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/380/50/110/60/91/10/30/30/31/630/33
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorderPsychiatric disorders0/60/120/110/120/20/40/30/40/740/380/50/110/60/91/10/30/30/30/630/33

Baseline characteristics

Intent-to-treat (ITT) population, which included all randomized patients.

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgTotal
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16)52.5 ± 7.1552.8 ± 14.8450.6 ± 16.3349.6 ± 13.0653 ± 15.5639.5 ± 11.2754.7 ± .5851.3 ± 8.5456.4 ± 12.4155.6 ± 12.754.3 ± 12.8
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards)54.6 ± 5.5553.4 ± 15.459.2 ± 10.2651 ± 14.7664 ± 040 ± 13.7554.7 ± .5847.7 ± 5.6956.5 ± 12.2356.7 ± 12.4455.5 ± 12.38
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgTotal
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Female41081114235427124
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Male22311011201142
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Female494913234724106
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Male1220001016931
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgTotal
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Hispanic or Latino2301010012726
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Not Hispanic or Latino49111123346231140
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Unknown or Not Reported00000000000
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Hispanic or Latino2200000010721
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Not Hispanic or Latino396913335326116
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Unknown or Not Reported00000000000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgTotal
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — American Indian or Alaska Native00000000000
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Asian00000000202
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander00000000011
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Black or African American0110030017931
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — White61191221345428130
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — More than one race00000000000
Part 1: 16-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled treatment period (Day 1 to Week 16) — Unknown or Not Reported00100000102
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — American Indian or Alaska Native00000000000
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Asian00000000101
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander00000000000
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Black or African American0100030014523
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — White5105910334728111
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — More than one race00000000000
Part 2: Open-label extension period (Week 16 and onwards) — Unknown or Not Reported00100000102
6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)(meters)Part 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methly 10 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mg/Part 2: Open-LabelPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 2.5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 2.5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 5 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 5 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose-Ranging Placebo 20 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 20 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgPart 1: Dose Titration: Placebo 10 mg/Part 2: Bardoxolone Methyl 10 mgTotal
Mean412 ± 19.7425.8 ± 81385.7 ± 55.45454.5 ± 93.01358 ± 96.17418.9 ± 71.18367 ± 46.02449.3 ± 84.64380.8 ± 96.46395.2 ± 84.99396.2 ± 88.32
08

Study locations

32 sites
  • Banner University Medical Center, Phoenix Advanced Lung Disease Institute
    Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
  • Arizona Pulmonary Specialists
    Phoenix, Arizona 85012, United States
  • Cedars Sinai Medical Center
    Beverly Hills, California 90211, United States
  • VA Healthcare System of Greater Los Angeles
    Los Angeles, California 90073, United States
  • University of California Davis Medical Center - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care
    Sacramento, California 95817, United States
  • Harbor - UCLA Medical Center
    Torrance, California 90502, United States
  • University of Colorado Denver - Division of Pulmonary Sciences
    Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
  • South Denver Cardiology Associates, P.C
    Littleton, Colorado 80120, United States
  • Georgetown University Medical Center - Department of Rheumatology
    Washington, District of Columbia 20007, United States
  • Cleveland Clinic of Florida
    Weston, Florida 33331, United States
  • University of Chicago
    Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
  • Maine Medical Center - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
    Portland, Maine 04102, United States
  • Tufts Medical Center
    Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
  • Brigham and Women's Hospital
    Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
  • Boston University School of Medicine
    Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
  • Winthrop University Hospital
    Mineola, New York 11501, United States
  • Mount Sinai, Beth Israel Medical Center
    New York, New York 10003, United States
  • Weill Cornell Medical Center
    New York, New York 10021, United States
  • University of Rochester - University of Rochester Medical Center
    Rochester, New York 14642, United States
  • The Lindner Clinical Trial Center
    Cincinnati, Ohio 45219, United States
  • University of Cincinnati - Department of Internal Medicine Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine
    Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
  • The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center
    Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
  • Oklahoma Heart Hospital
    Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73120, United States
  • University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
  • University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
    Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
  • BreatheAmerica El Paso, Inc.
    El Paso, Texas 79912, United States
  • Houston Methodist Research Institute
    Houston, Texas 77030, United States
  • The University of Texas - Health Science Center & Medical School at Houston
    Houston, Texas 77030, United States
  • University of Texas Houston - Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics
    Houston, Texas 77030, United States
  • University of Utah
    Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
  • University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus
    Dresden, 01304, Germany
  • Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
    Hamburg, 20246, Germany
09

References and documents

Study documents

  • Study protocol · Jan 26, 2017
  • Statistical analysis plan · Jun 14, 2018

Documents are hosted by the registry — open the source record to download them.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — In accordance with Biogen's Clinical Trial Transparency and Data Sharing Policy on https://www.biogentrialtransparency.com/

10

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 10, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT02036970
Lead sponsor
Biogen
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jan 15, 2014
Start date
May 31, 2014
Primary completion
Jan 19, 2018
Completion
May 16, 2018
Results posted
Jul 23, 2021
Last update
Jun 10, 2025

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in May 2025. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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