ClinicalTrials.gg
Status unknownNCT01684956Updated Sep 7, 2016

Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Intradermal Versus Sub-cutaneous Insulin and Glucagon Delivery in Type 1 Diabetes

A Phase 2 interventional study of Intradermal injection and Subcutaneous injection in Type 1 Diabetes, sponsored by Massachusetts General Hospital. Status unknown at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2016-09-07.

Sponsored by Massachusetts General Hospital · Phase 2, Interventional, and Treatment

The sponsor has not verified this record recently (last verified Sep 2016), so the status shown — last known as Active, not recruiting — may be out of date.
Phase
Phase 2
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
20
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The investigators are doing this research study to find out if the type of needle used to administer them affects the speed with which insulin and glucagon get into the blood. The investigators will compare a traditional insulin needle to an injection device, called the MicronJet, that uses microneedles to deliver medication into the top layer of your skin.

02

Conditions studied

  • Type 1 Diabetes

Keywords

  • intradermal
  • pharmacokinetics
  • microneedle
  • insulin
  • glucagon
03

In context

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

3,614 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; 586 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 20 is below the median of 40 across 2,718 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1.

Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 studies →

Lead sponsor

Massachusetts General Hospital is the lead sponsor of 2,582 studies on the registry; 451 are open to participants now.

Of its 221 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 168 (76%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Age 18 years or older with clinical type 1 diabetes for at least one year
  • Diabetes managed using an insulin infusion pump and rapid- or very-rapid-acting insulins including insulin aspart (Novolog), insulin lispro (Humalog), and insulin glulisine (Apidra).
  • Ability to consume a sufficient amount of carbohydrates over 2-3 hours to cover 5 units of rapid acting insulin
  • Stimulated C-peptide \<0.1 nmol/L at 90 minutes after liquid mixed meal tolerance test.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Unable to provide informed consent
  • Unable to comply with study procedures
  • Current participation in another diabetes-related clinical trial other than one that is primarily observational in nature. Potential subjects enrolled in trails of passive monitoring equipment, such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), are not excluded
  • Inadequate venous access as determined by study nurse or physician at time of screening
  • Pregnancy
  • Hemoglobin less than 13.5 for men and less than 12 for women
  • History of pheochromocytoma (fractionated metanephrines will be tested in patients with history increasing the risk for a catecholamine secreting tumor to include episodic or treatment refractory hypertension defined as requiring 4 or more medications to achieve normotension, paroxysms of tachycardia, pallor, or headache, or personal or family history of MEN 2A, MEN 2B, neurofibromatosis, or von Hippel-Lindau disease)
  • History of adverse reaction to glucagon (including allergy) besides nausea and vomiting
  • History of adrenal disease or tumor
  • Hypertension (blood pressure > 160/100 mm/Hg at screening or day of study visit
  • History of allergy to aspirin or any history of aspirin intolerance, including Reye's syndrome, or gastric ulcer or bleeding associated with salicylates.
  • Blood dyscrasia or bleeding diathesis, such as hemophilia, Von Willebrand's disorder, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
  • Peptic Ulcer
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 2
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
20 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Intradermal first

    Intradermal injection experiment first, followed by subcutaneous injection experiment

    Procedure: Intradermal injection · Procedure: Subcutaneous injection

  • Experimental
    Subcutaneous first

    Subcutaneous injection experiment first, followed by intradermal injection experiment

    Procedure: Intradermal injection · Procedure: Subcutaneous injection

Interventions

  • ProcedureIntradermal injection
  • ProcedureSubcutaneous injection
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Aggregate mean difference in tmax between the delivery methods (the insulin and glucagon data will be evaluated separately)

    Time frame: 1 day

Secondary outcomes

  1. Aggregate mean difference in t1/2max between the methods

    Time frame: 1 day visit

  2. Aggregate mean difference in Cmax between the methods

    Time frame: 1 day

  3. Aggregate mean difference in area under the curve (AUC) between methods

    Time frame: 1 day

  4. AUC of 0-1 hour (and by subtraction hours 1-5)

    Time frame: 1 day

  5. AUC of 0-2 hours (and by subtraction hours 2-5)

    Time frame: 1 day

  6. Time to 50% of Total AUC (or said another way, time to 50% exposure)

    Time frame: 1 day

  7. Fraction of subjects with difference in tmax between the methods of > 25%

    Time frame: 1 day

  8. Fraction of "dry" injections with no reflux of fluid from the injection site

    Time frame: 1 day

  9. Difference in mean visual analog pain score between the two methods

    Time frame: 1 day

  10. Difference in mean visual analog pain score between insulin and glucagon with subcutaneous injection

    Time frame: 1 day

  11. Difference in mean visual analog pain score between insulin and glucagon with intradermal injection

    Time frame: 1 day

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Massachusetts General Hospital
    Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 7, 2016, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01684956
Responsible party
Steven J. Russell, MD, PhD (Associate Professor, Massachusetts General Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 13, 2012
Start date
Aug 2012
Primary completion
Jul 2014
Completion
Dec 2017 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 7, 2016

Study contacts

Steven J Russell, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Massachusetts General Hospital

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is status unknown, as verified in Sep 2016. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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