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CompletedNCT01136642Updated Dec 16, 2019

Assessing Top Down and Bottom Up Attention Mechanisms in Smokers Using Nicotine Nasal Spray

A Phase 1 interventional study of Nicotrol in Drug Addiction and Nicotine Dependence, sponsored by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 55 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2019-12-16.

Sponsored by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) · Phase 1, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Phase 1
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
43
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 55 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Background:

  • Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, and researchers are interested in gaining a better understanding of the perceived beneficial effects of nicotine to help improve treatment strategies for nicotine dependence. Understanding the conditions under which nicotine improves attention and cognitive processing may provide more useful information for this research.
  • The ability to pay attention and filter relevant from irrelevant stimuli is central to all aspects of information-processing. Top-down and bottom-up attentional processes illustrate how the brain combines stimuli and goal-directed behaviors. Bottom-up processing is an unconscious response to sensory input; for instance, when the eyes automatically focus on a prominent image in a picture. Top-down processing is a conscious response to drive attention toward specific stimuli; for instance, when a person is asked to focus on a less immediately noticeable image in a picture. Researchers are interested in determining whether nicotine improves cognitive performance by acting on top-down or bottom-up attentional mechanisms.

Objectives:

  • To investigate the effect of nicotine on the top-down and bottom-up mechanisms of attention in cigarette smokers.

Eligibility:

  • Current smokers (at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year) between 18 and 55 years of age.

Design:

  • This study will involve one training session and four experimental sessions.
  • During the training session, participants will receive a sample dose of the nicotine nasal spray used in the study to determine if they can tolerate the effects.
  • For each experimental session, participants will receive one dose of nicotine nasal spray (1 mg, 2 mg, or 3 mg) or placebo spray, followed by blood pressure and heart rate monitoring, performance of an attentional test, and questionnaires to rate participants perception of nicotine effectiveness. Participants may receive different doses at different sessions, and will not be told which dose they will receive at any given point.
Read the detailed description

Objective:

The objective is to investigate the dose-response effect of nicotine on the top-down and bottom-up mechanisms of attention in cigarette smokers.

Study population:

Male and nonpregnant-female smokers 18 to 55 years of age.

Design:

This study is a double-blind, placebo controlled trial of nicotine or placebo nasal sprays. Participants have five visits: a training session and four experimental sessions. Each participant receives a test dose of the nasal spray immediately following the training session to ascertain tolerability and become familiarized with the effect of the spray. One dose (0, 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 mg) of nicotine nasal spray is administered at the beginning of each experimental session followed by the test battery.

Outcome Measures:

Outcome measures are vital signs, ratings of mood and drug effect, and performance (accuracy, response time) on a test of selective attention.

02

Conditions studied

  • Drug Addiction
  • Nicotine Dependence

Keywords

  • Nicotine
  • Nicotine Nasal Spray
  • Attention
  • Smoking
03

In context

Tobacco Use Disorder

968 studies on the registry are indexed under Tobacco Use Disorder; 128 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 43 is below the median of 90 across 851 interventional studies indexed under Tobacco Use Disorder.

Browse Tobacco Use Disorder studies →

Lead sponsor

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is the lead sponsor of 388 studies on the registry; 19 are open to participants now.

Of its 12 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 5 (42%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 55 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  1. 18-55 year old male and female cigarette smokers

    1. smoke a minimum of 10 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year

      --Drug Use Survey

    2. estimated IQ score greater than or equal to 85

      --Weschsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI; raw vocabulary cutoff 49)

    3. urine cotinine concentration greater than or equal 100 ng/ml

      • NicAlert reading greater than or equal to 3

Exclusion criteria

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

  1. definite plan to quit smoking in next 30 days
  2. consumption of more than 15 alcoholic drinks per week during the past month
  3. use of any illicit drugs more than twice per week during the past month

    --Drug Use Survey (items 2-4)

  4. pregnant or nursing

    --Urine pregnancy test

  5. HIV positive

    --Oral HIV test

  6. untreated cardiovascular or pulmonary disease
  7. use of nicotine replacement products, bupropion or varenicline, in the past 3 months if specifically used to stop smoking
  8. Past history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

    Current Major Depression Disorder, Diagnosis or treatment for Major Depressive Disorder in past 12 months. (H\&P)

    Evidence of current ADHD by current diagnosis or medication or score on Adult Symptom Rating Scale; (> 16 on pt A or B must be evaluated by a counselor)

    • SCL-90 > 65 (must be evaluated by a counselor)
    • Beck Depression Inventory-II score greater than or equal to 14 (must be evaluated by a counselor)
  9. vital signs (must be outside these parameters on more than two occasions separated by at least one day):

    • systolic blood pressure: minimum 95, maximum 160 mm Hg
    • diastolic blood pressure: minimum 40, maximum 95 mm Hg
    • pulse: minimum 50, maximum 105 bpm
    • respirations: minimum 8, maximum 24 breaths per minute
  10. nasal passages: no pathology that would preclude administration of nasal spray
  11. under the influence of a drug or alcohol at experimental sessions
05

Study design

Phase
Phase 1
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Single group
Enrollment
43 participants (actual)

Interventions

  • DrugNicotrol
06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Performance (accuracy response time) on a test of selective attention.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Vital signs, ratings of mood and drug effect.

07

Study locations

1 site
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse, Biomedical Research Center (BRC)
    Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
08

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Dec 16, 2019, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT01136642
Lead sponsor
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
First posted
Jun 3, 2010
Start date
Jan 21, 2010
Completion
Nov 13, 2012
Last update
Dec 16, 2019

Study contacts

Carol Myers, Ph.D.
principal investigator · National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Nov 2012. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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