An interventional study of Swimming Exercise and Tennis Exercise in Mental Health and Psychological Well-Being, Fatigue and Sleep Quality, sponsored by Fahri Safa Çınarlı. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 25 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-30.
Sponsored by Fahri Safa Çınarlı · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other
This study compared the effects of swimming and tennis on mental health, fatigue, and sleep quality in young women who were not regularly physically active.
A total of 34 women aged 18-25 years were randomly assigned to either a swimming group or a tennis group. Both groups participated in supervised exercise sessions lasting 45 minutes, three times per week, for eight weeks.
Participants completed questionnaires before and after the exercise programs to assess anxiety, depressive symptoms, psychological well-being, perceived stress, fatigue, and sleep quality.
Thirty participants completed the study and were included in the final analysis.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether swimming and tennis had different effects on psychological health, fatigue, and sleep quality in physically inactive young women.
This study was conducted as a two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of swimming and tennis exercise on psychological health, fatigue, and sleep quality in physically inactive young women.
Women aged 18-25 years who had not regularly participated in structured exercise during the preceding six months were eligible for inclusion. Participants were required to have low physical activity levels, defined as less than 600 MET-min/week according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and to be capable of safely performing both swimming and tennis activities.
Following baseline assessments, 34 participants were randomly allocated to swimming or tennis in a 1:1 ratio (17 participants per group), using a computer-generated randomization sequence. Group assignments were concealed until completion of baseline assessments.
Both intervention groups completed an eight-week supervised exercise program consisting of three 45-minute sessions per week. Each session included a five-minute warm-up, a 35-minute main exercise phase, and a five-minute cool-down. The swimming program primarily involved freestyle swimming with progressive changes in swimming distance and recovery intervals. The tennis program included forehand and backhand exercises, footwork drills, and controlled rallies with progressively increasing difficulty. Exercise intensity was monitored using the Borg CR10 Rating of Perceived Exertion scale.
Psychological health and related outcomes were assessed using six validated questionnaires: the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
Baseline assessments were conducted two days before the first exercise session, and post-intervention assessments were completed 48 hours after the final session. Four participants withdrew during the study, leaving 30 participants (15 per group) in the final analysis.
The study was designed to examine whether the two exercise modalities produced different changes in psychological health, fatigue, and sleep quality when exercise frequency, session duration, and progression of perceived exertion were comparable.
2,229 studies on the registry are indexed under Fatigue; 426 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 34 is below the median of 54 across 1,757 interventional studies indexed under Fatigue.
Browse Fatigue studies →This is the only study on the registry with Fahri Safa Çınarlı as lead sponsor.
Compared within Fatigue, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Psychological Well-Being. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →
Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Informed consent
Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.
You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Participants assigned to the swimming group completed an eight-week supervised swimming program consisting of 45-minute sessions three times per week. The program primarily included freestyle swimming, progressive swimming distances, and structured recovery intervals.
Behavioral: Swimming Exercise
Participants assigned to the tennis group completed an eight-week supervised tennis program consisting of 45-minute sessions three times per week. The program included forehand and backhand drills, footwork exercises, and controlled rallies with progressively increasing difficulty.
Behavioral: Tennis Exercise
Supervised swimming exercise, three sessions per week for eight weeks, with 45 minutes per session and progressively increasing exercise difficulty.
Supervised tennis exercise, three sessions per week for eight weeks, with 45 minutes per session and progressively increasing exercise difficulty.
Change in Depressive Symptoms Measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
Depressive symptoms were assessed using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Each item is scored from 0 to 3, giving a total score ranging from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate greater depressive symptom severity. Change was calculated as the post-intervention score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Change in Perceived Stress Measured by the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10)
Perceived stress was assessed using the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Each item is scored from 0 to 4, with four positively worded items reverse-scored. Total scores range from 0 to 40, with higher scores indicating greater perceived stress. Change was calculated as the post-intervention score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Change in Anxiety Symptoms Measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)
Anxiety symptoms were assessed using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Each item is scored from 0 to 3, producing a total score ranging from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety symptom severity. Change was calculated as the post-intervention score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Change in Psychological Well-Being Measured by the WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5)
Psychological well-being was assessed using the WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5). The five items are scored from 0 to 5. The raw total score (0-25) is multiplied by four to obtain a score ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores indicate better psychological well-being. Change was calculated as the post-intervention score minus the baseline score; positive values indicate improvement.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Change in Fatigue Measured by the Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS)
Fatigue was assessed using the 11-item Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS), covering physical and mental fatigue. Each item was scored from 0 to 3, producing a total score ranging from 0 to 33. Higher scores indicate greater fatigue severity. Change was calculated as the post-intervention score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Change in Sleep Quality Measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), which evaluates seven components of sleep over the preceding month. The global score ranges from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating poorer sleep quality. Change was calculated as the post-intervention score minus the baseline score; negative values indicate improvement.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 8
Plan to share: Undecided — The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
No publications or documents are linked to this record.
Ran from Aug 2026 to primary completion in Oct 2026, 1 month.
Of 936 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Fatigue, half reached primary completion within 12 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 27. This study's 1 month is below that.
Counting every sponsor, half of 989 studies reached it within 11 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 27.
How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.
From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
This study is completed, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.
Sign in to followQuestions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.
Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.
Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.