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Active, not recruitingNCT07900490Updated Oct 28, 2026

Recovery and Safety After Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation in People With Spinal Cord Injury

An observational study in Spinal Cord Injury, sponsored by Hainan University. Active, not recruiting at 1 site in China. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-28.

Sponsored by Hainan University · Observational

Updated Oct 28, 2026Newly registeredGo to Updates ↓
Study type
Observational
Model
Case-only
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrollment
6
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 79 studies in Spinal Cord Injuries with a site in China — 25 open to participants now, 31 under way, none of them phase 3. Spinal Cord Injuries · China.

Started
2024
with 8 others
Observational
9 of 79
1 open now
Primary completion
2026-11
later than 9 of 30 live
Registered
78th of 79
by date

Among the 79 studies in Spinal Cord Injuries with a site in China, this one is one of 9 that started in 2024, is one of 9 observational ones, reaches primary completion later than 9 of the 30 other live ones, and was the 78th registered.

Spinal Cord Injuries

2,025 studies on the registry are indexed under Spinal Cord Injuries; 537 are open to participants now.

Browse Spinal Cord Injuries studies →

Open to participants now

25 of the 79 studies in Spinal Cord Injuries with a site in China are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

20 more — sign in →

All 25 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in China have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in China →

Who these studies take

Of the 375 Spinal Cord Injuries studies recruiting now, 166 (44%) set no upper age limit and 158 (42%) stop at 75 or younger; 41 take children under 18; 52 take healthy volunteers.

This study: all sexes · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

Spinal cord injury can cause lasting difficulties with movement, sensation, bladder and bowel function, and daily activities. Epidural spinal cord stimulation delivers electrical pulses through implanted electrodes and may be used together with rehabilitation to support recovery.

This retrospective case series will review clinical records from six patients with spinal cord injury who previously received implanted epidural spinal cord stimulation at Haikou People's Hospital. Three of the patients are children. The study aims to describe changes in movement, sensation, standing and walking ability, daily activities, and other functions, as documented in the available records. It will also summarize complications related to implantation, the stimulation system, and stimulation during follow-up.

The research involves reviewing existing treatment and follow-up information. Participation in this retrospective study does not require a new implantation procedure or changes to the patient's treatment.

Read the detailed description

This observational, retrospective case series will examine functional outcomes and safety in six patients with spinal cord injury who previously underwent implantation of an epidural spinal cord stimulation system at Haikou People's Hospital. The study includes three pediatric patients.

Available source materials will include medical records, imaging, neurological and functional assessments, stimulation parameters, rehabilitation records, and follow-up documentation. Electromyographic recordings and movement videos will also be reviewed when available. Clinical changes will be described within each patient using assessments obtained before implantation and at available follow-up time points.

The analysis will consider injury level, injury severity, time since injury, baseline functional status, and stimulation parameters when describing individual recovery patterns. Safety assessment will summarize documented infections, wound complications, electrode migration, hardware malfunction, stimulation-related discomfort, and other relevant adverse events.

Given the small sample size and variation among patients, the analysis will primarily use descriptive statistics and individual clinical trajectories. No between-group hypothesis testing is planned. Pediatric cases will receive particular attention in the description of functional changes and longer-term safety.

Clinical treatment decisions are not assigned by this retrospective study. Data will be coded to protect patient privacy and handled according to the approved research protocol.

03

Conditions studied

  • Spinal Cord Injury

Keywords

  • Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation
  • Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
  • Functional Recovery
  • Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury
  • Safety
  • Retrospective Case Series
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
Child (0–17), Adult (18–64), Older adult (65+)
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Patients with spinal cord injury who previously received implanted epidural spinal cord stimulation and rehabilitation. This retrospective case series includes six patients, including three pediatric patients. Cases are identified from existing clinical records, with available medical, imaging, stimulation, rehabilitation, and follow-up data reviewed to describe functional outcomes and safety.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Patients with spinal cord injury who previously underwent implantation of an epidural spinal cord stimulation system.
  2. Availability of sufficiently complete medical records, imaging, stimulation parameters, rehabilitation records, and follow-up assessments.
  3. For adult participants, to participate in the study. For minors, consent from a legally authorized representative and assent from the participant according to their capacity to understand.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Missing key information that prevents assessment of the main study outcomes.
  2. Refusal by the participant or legally authorized representative to permit the use of relevant data for research or academic publication.
  3. Data quality judged by the investigators to be insufficient, or substantial confounding circumstances that make the case unsuitable for inclusion.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Observational model
Case-only
Time perspective
Retrospective
Enrollment
6 participants (actual)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Patients With Spinal Cord Injury Who Received Epidural Stimulation

    Six patients with spinal cord injury who previously received implanted epidural spinal cord stimulation and rehabilitation at Haikou People's Hospital, including three pediatric patients. Available clinical records and follow-up assessments will be reviewed retrospectively to describe functional changes and safety.

    Device: Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation

Interventions

  • DeviceEpidural Spinal Cord Stimulation

    Electrical stimulation delivered through previously implanted epidural electrodes connected to a pulse generator. Stimulation parameters and associated rehabilitation will be described using available clinical records. This retrospective study reviews prior treatment and does not assign implantation or stimulation.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) Grade

    Change in American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade from pre-surgery to the last available neurological follow-up, based on the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). AIS grades range from A (complete injury) to E (normal motor and sensory function in a person with previous deficits). Pre-surgery and follow-up grades and individual grade transitions will be described for each patient.

    Time frame: Pre-surgery and last available neurological follow-up, up to 24 months after implantation.

  2. Number of Patients With Implantation-, Device-, or Stimulation-Related Adverse Events

    Number of patients with documented adverse events related to implantation, the stimulation system, or stimulation during follow-up. Events include infection, wound complications, electrode migration, hardware malfunction, and stimulation-related discomfort. Event type, severity, timing, and any treatment interruption or revision procedure will be summarized when documented.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

  3. Change in Medical Research Council (MRC) Muscle Strength Grades

    Changes in muscle strength from pre-surgery to the last available follow-up will be described using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Each assessed muscle is graded from 0 (no contraction) to 5 (normal strength). Findings will be reported separately for each assessed muscle group and side.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

  4. Change in ISNCSCI Lower Extremity Motor Score

    Change in the lower extremity motor score of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) from pre-surgery to the last available follow-up. The score is the sum of grades for five key muscle functions on each side and ranges from 0 to 50, with higher scores indicating better lower extremity motor function.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

  5. Change in ISNCSCI Light Touch Score

    Change in the light touch total score of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) from pre-surgery to the last available follow-up. The bilateral total score ranges from 0 to 112, with higher scores indicating better light touch sensation.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

  6. Change in ISNCSCI Pin Prick Score

    Change in the pin prick total score of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) from pre-surgery to the last available follow-up. The bilateral total score ranges from 0 to 112, with higher scores indicating better pin prick sensation.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

  7. Change in Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS)

    Change in the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS) total score from pre-surgery to the last available follow-up. The total score ranges from 0 to 74, with higher scores indicating more severe bladder-related symptoms. Changes will be described for patients with available assessments.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) Grades

    Changes in resistance to passive movement from pre-surgery to the last available follow-up will be described using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Grades are 0, 1, 1+, 2, 3, and 4, with higher grades indicating greater resistance to passive movement. Findings will be reported separately for each assessed muscle group and side.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

  2. Change in Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Pain Score

    Change in pain intensity measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from pre-surgery to the last available follow-up. Scores range from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain), with lower scores indicating less pain.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

  3. Change in Barthel Index Score

    Change in the Barthel Index total score from pre-surgery to the last available follow-up. The score assesses independence in activities of daily living and ranges from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater independence. Changes will be described for patients with available assessments.

    Time frame: From implantation to the last available safety follow-up, up to 24 months.

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Started Oct 2024 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Nov 2026, 25 months after the start.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 21, 2026
First posted
Oct 28, 2026
StartActual
Oct 30, 2024
Primary completionEst.
Nov 30, 2026
CompletionEst.
Nov 30, 2026
Last update
Oct 28, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Registered
First appeared on the registry. No changes since
Oct 28, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Oct 28, 2026
    First appeared on the registry

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07900490
Lead sponsor
Hainan University
Collaborators
Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 28, 2026
Start date
Oct 30, 2024
Primary completion
Nov 30, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Nov 30, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Oct 28, 2026

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Oct 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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