An interventional study of Circuit breathing and Diaphragmatic Breathing in E Cigarette Use, sponsored by Chulalongkorn University. Recruiting at 1 site in Thailand. Open to participants aged 15 Years to 25 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-21.
Sponsored by Chulalongkorn University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This study aims to investigate the acute effects of a circuit breathing intervention on nicotine withdrawal symptoms and respiratory parameters among youth who use e-cigarettes.
A randomized crossover study will include 20 male and female e-cigarette users aged 15-25 years. Each participant will undergo three breathing conditions: circuit breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, and normal breathing, with a washout period of at least one week between sessions. The study will evaluate the acute effects of each breathing condition on nicotine withdrawal symptoms, e-cigarette dependence, physiological variables (resting heart rate and blood pressure), peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).
172 studies on the registry are indexed under Vaping; 75 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 20 is below the median of 105 across 144 interventional studies indexed under Vaping.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Other: Circuit breathing
Other: Diaphragmatic Breathing
Other: Normal Breathing Condition
The circuit breathing intervention consists of five stations: paper suction using a straw, blowing a toy pinwheel, incentive spirometry, balloon blowing, and weighted diaphragmatic breathing. Participants will rest for 1 minute between stations.
The diaphragmatic breathing exercise will consist of inhaling through the nose for 4 seconds and exhaling through the nose for 6 seconds, continuously for 10 minutes per set. Participants will rest for 1 minute between sets and complete a total of 3 sets.
Participants will breathe normally through the nose without deliberately controlling the rate, rhythm, or depth of breathing. Breathing will remain at each participant's natural pace for approximately 30 minutes.
E-cigarette Dependence
E-cigarette dependence will be assessed using the Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index, adapted by Sornsenee et al. (2025). The questionnaire consists of 10 items, with a maximum total score of 20. Scores are interpreted as follows: 0-3 indicates no e-cigarette dependence, 4-8 indicates low dependence, 9-12 indicates moderate dependence, and 13 or higher indicates high dependence.
Time frame: Baseline for demographic data.
Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms
Nicotine withdrawal symptoms will be assessed using the Thai version of the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale-Revised (MNWS) (Hughes \& Hatsukami, 2008), translated by Sirirat Kanokururot and Sunida Preechawong (2010). This self-report questionnaire measures the perceived severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms. It consists of 9 items rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 4 (severe symptoms). The total score ranges from 0 to 36, with a score of 0 indicating no nicotine withdrawal symptoms and a score of 36 indicating the most severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after each breathing intervention session.
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO)
FeNO will be measured using a device equipped with a bacterial filter and mouthpiece. Participants will place their lips around the mouthpiece and exhale into the device for 6 seconds while maintaining the indicator ball within the designated range. Results will be recorded in parts per million (ppm).
Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after each breathing intervention session.
Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF)
Peak nasal inspiratory flow will be measured using a peak nasal inspiratory flow meter. Participants will perform the breathing maneuver according to the study procedure, and the measurement will be recorded in liters per second (L/s).
Time frame: Immediately before and immediately after each breathing intervention session.
Plan to share: No
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From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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