An interventional study of Benson Relaxation Exercise Group and Jacobson Relaxation Exercise Group in Urinary Tract Stone Surgery, Relaxation Exercise and Anxiety, sponsored by Ondokuz Mayıs University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-10-14.
Sponsored by Ondokuz Mayıs University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of the Benson relaxation exercise and the Jacobson relaxation exercise-administered to individuals undergoing urinary tract stone surgery-on pain, vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature), and anxiety levels. Postoperative pain and anxiety are common issues that can negatively affect vital signs. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as relaxation exercises, may help reduce these adverse effects.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: the Benson relaxation exercise group, the Jacobson relaxation exercise group, or the control group receiving routine postoperative care. Relaxation exercises will be performed two times a day for 15 minutes each, provided the individual's general condition is stable. Outcomes such as pain, anxiety, and vital signs will be measured at baseline (pre-test), on postoperative day 0, and on postoperative day 1 after each session. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness of relaxation exercises as supportive nursing interventions in the postoperative care of patients undergoing urinary tract stone surgery.
Urinary tract stone disease is one of the most common urological conditions worldwide and often requires surgical intervention. Following urinary tract stone surgery, patients may experience pain, anxiety, and changes in quality of life; these factors can negatively impact the recovery process and patient comfort. In managing these issues arising from the surgical process, the use of complementary and non-pharmacological interventions, in addition to pharmacological methods, is becoming increasingly important. The Benson Relaxation Exercise (BRE), developed by Benson, has been reported to be effective in reducing pain levels in patients who have undergone surgical procedures. Similarly, the Jacobson Progressive Relaxation Exercise (JPRE), developed by Jacobson, has been shown to be effective in improving stress, anxiety, pain, and certain physiological parameters.
In this study, the effects of BGE and JPGE-administered to individuals who have undergone urinary tract stone surgery-on pain, vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and body temperature), and anxiety levels will be examined. As part of the study, the individual effects of both relaxation exercises will be evaluated, and the levels of effectiveness of the methods will be compared with one another.
This study will be conducted as a single-blind, three-arm randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of BGE and JPGE on pain, vital signs, and anxiety in individuals undergoing urinary tract stone surgery. The study will include three groups: the BGE group, the JPGE group, and the control group. Participants will be assigned to groups using the block randomization method, taking into account the variables of surgical type (RIRS, URS, and PNCL), age, and gender.
Data will be collected using the Patient Information Form prepared by the researchers, the Vital Signs Monitoring Form created by the researcher (consisting of date, time, blood pressure, respiratory rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, and body temperature), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The VAS is used for the visual assessment of pain. It is a scale that can be used horizontally or vertically, ranging from "no pain" to "unbearable pain." The STAI is a valid and reliable 40-item measure that assesses individuals' levels of state and trait anxiety (Spielberger et al., 1970). The scale was translated into Turkish by Öner and Le Compte. The necessary permission to use the STAI will be obtained via email. Only the State Anxiety Scale will be used in this study. This scale consists of a total of 20 questions and is a four-point Likert scale. The highest possible score on the scale is 80, and the lowest is 20. As the score increases, the level of anxiety increases.
One day before surgery, patients will be informed about the study, their written informed consent will be obtained, pre-test procedures will be conducted, and the intervention groups will be taught the relevant relaxation exercises. In the postoperative period, once the patient has stabilized, relaxation sessions lasting approximately 20-30 minutes will be conducted on days 0 and 1; immediately following these sessions, assessments using the VAS, vital signs, and the STAI will be performed at the 30th, 60th, and 90th minutes. The control group, on the other hand, will be taught both relaxation techniques prior to discharge. If the anticipated sample size is not reached or if complications arise during the study, the data collection period will be extended.
One of the study's objectives is for the findings to contribute to evidence-based, nonpharmacological nursing interventions that can be used in the postoperative care process and to generate scientific data aimed at improving the quality of patient care.
5,063 studies on the registry are indexed under Anxiety Disorders; 1,408 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 120 is above the median of 80 across 4,339 interventional studies indexed under Anxiety Disorders.
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Adults 18 years of age and older,
Exclusion Criteria:
Individuals who have previously undergone surgery for urinary tract stones,
Participants in this group will perform the Benson relaxation exercise once they have stabilized following surgery. In addition to routine postoperative care, the exercise will be performed two times a day for two days, with each session lasting approximately fifteen minutes.
Behavioral: Benson Relaxation Exercise Group
Participants in this group will perform the Jacobson relaxation exercise once they have stabilized following surgery. In addition to routine postoperative care, the exercise will be performed two times a day for two days, with each session lasting approximately fifteen minutes.
Behavioral: Jacobson Relaxation Exercise Group
Participants in this group will receive routine postoperative care without any relaxation exercise intervention.
Individuals who have previously agreed to participate in the study and whose general condition is stable following urinary tract stone surgery will undergo the Benson relaxation exercise for 15 minutes twice daily on postoperative days 0 and 1. Patients will be briefed prior to the session, undergo a pre-test, and be supervised during the session. On the day of the session, all data will be recorded on the patient follow-up form. The exercise is based on assuming a comfortable position, relaxing the muscles, focusing on the breath, and mentally repeating a chosen word or phrase with each exhalation.
Also known as: Intervention
Individuals who have previously agreed to participate in the study and whose general condition is stable following urinary tract stone surgery will undergo the Jacobson progressive muscle relaxation exercise twice daily for 15 minutes each on postoperative days 0 and 1. Patients will be briefed prior to the session, undergo a pre-test, and be supervised during the session. On the day of the session, all data will be recorded on the patient follow-up form. This exercise is performed by tensing (contracting) each of the body's 16 major muscle groups in turn for 5-10 seconds and then suddenly releasing them completely (relaxing).
Also known as: Intervention
Postoperative Pain Level
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-centimeter scale ranging from 0 to 10; on this scale, 0 means "no pain" and 10 means "the most severe pain imaginable." Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity. The scale will be administered on Day 0, once the patient is stable after surgery, and on Day 1 postoperatively at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes
Time frame: Postoperative day 0, and postoperative day 1.
Postoperative Anxiety Level
Anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State Form), a 20-item self-report questionnaire with a total score ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety. The scale will be administered on postoperative Day 0 and on postoperative Day 1, at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes following each treatment session.
Time frame: postoperative day 0, and postoperative day 1.
Vital signs- Changes in Heart Rate
Heart rate will be assessed by manually counting the patient's radial pulse for one minute. The resulting value will be recorded as the number of heartbeats per minute, and an increase in this measurement will indicate an elevated heart rate.
Time frame: postoperative day 0, and postoperative day 1.
Vital signs- Changes in Oxygen Saturation
Oxygen saturation (SpO₂, %) will be measured using a pulse oximeter. Higher values indicate better oxygenation.
Time frame: postoperative day 0, and postoperative day 1.
Vital signs- Changes in Blood Pressure
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) will be measured manually using a sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope while the patient is in a comfortable, relaxed position. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure values obtained from the measurement will be recorded in mmHg. An increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure values indicates a rise in blood pressure, while a decrease in these values indicates a drop in blood pressure.
Time frame: postoperative day 0, and postoperative day 1.
Vital signs- Changes in Respiratory Rate
Respiratory rate (number of breaths per minute) will be measured manually by observing chest movements and counting the number of complete inhalations and exhalations over the course of one minute. Higher values indicate an increased respiratory rate.
Time frame: postoperative day 0, and postoperative day 1.
Vital signs- Changes in Body Temperature
Body temperature (°C) will be assessed by measuring the patient's body temperature using a thermometer. The value obtained from the measurement will be recorded in degrees Celsius (°C). An increase in body temperature indicates a fever or a rise in body temperature, while a decrease in the value indicates a drop in body temperature.
Time frame: postoperative day 0, and postoperative day 1.
Plan to share: Undecided — The process for sharing participants' personal data has not yet been finalized. Decisions regarding data sharing will be made after the study is completed, taking into account relevant institutional policies, ethical principles, and privacy requirements.
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