ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT07843121Updated Sep 25, 2026

Supervised Exercise in Women With Breast Cancer

An interventional study of Supervised individualized exercise programme in Breast Cancer and Breast Neoplasms, sponsored by University of Extremadura. Completed at 1 site in Spain. Open to female participants aged 18 Years to 70 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-25.

Sponsored by University of Extremadura · Not applicable, Interventional, and Supportive care

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 3 years 7 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jan 2023, registered Sep 2026).
Updated Sep 25, 2026Newly registeredGo to Updates ↓
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
16
Allocation
Not applicable
Ages
18 Years to 70 Years
Sex
Female
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 905 studies in Breast Neoplasms with a site in Spain — 164 open to participants now, 286 under way, 84 of them phase 3. Breast Neoplasms · Spain.

Enrollment
771st of 805
16 · median 150
Started
2023
with 59 others
No phase
146 of 905
51 open now
Registered
902nd of 905
by date

Among the 905 studies in Breast Neoplasms with a site in Spain, this one is the 771st largest by enrollment of the 805 interventional ones that give a count, is one of 60 that started in 2023, is one of 146 with no phase, and was the 902nd registered.

Breast Neoplasms

14,825 studies on the registry are indexed under Breast Neoplasms; 3,319 are open to participants now.

Browse Breast Neoplasms studies →

Open to participants now

164 of the 905 studies in Breast Neoplasms with a site in Spain are open now. Recruiting first, the newest first:

159 more — sign in →

All 164 open studies →

A study can be open while its sites in Spain have not opened yet or have stopped. Only those recruiting at a site in Spain →

Who these studies take

Of the 2,400 Breast Neoplasms studies recruiting now, 1,572 (66%) set no upper age limit and 591 (25%) stop at 75 or younger; 103 take children under 18; 214 take healthy volunteers.

This study: 18 Years to 70 Years · female · no healthy volunteers.

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02

Study summary

This pilot study examines the effects of a 14-week supervised, individualized physical exercise programme on psychological, motivational, and physical outcomes in women recently diagnosed with breast cancer who are undergoing adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or hormone therapy). Sixteen women participated in twice-weekly 1-hour supervised sessions combining aerobic exercise, strength training, joint mobility, flexibility, and relaxation techniques, informed by Self-Determination Theory to support autonomy, competence, and social relatedness. Outcomes assessed before and after the intervention included basic psychological needs, exercise motivation, self-esteem, quality of life, perceived physical condition, physical exercise frequency, and physical/anthropometric measures (handgrip strength, 6-minute walk test, skinfolds, waist and hip circumference).

Read the detailed description

Breast cancer survivors frequently experience chronic physical, physiological, and psychological sequelae that affect quality of life, and few meet physical activity recommendations during adjuvant treatment due to fatigue, pain, lack of time, and low motivation. Most prior research on exercise and motivation in this population has drawn on the theory of planned behaviour or social cognitive theory, with fewer studies grounded in Self-Determination Theory (SDT). According to SDT, motivation for physical activity depends on the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), whose fulfilment is associated with more self-determined motivation, greater adherence, and psychological well-being.

This single-arm pilot intervention study analysed changes in psychological and motivational variables (exercise behavioural regulation, basic psychological needs, self-esteem), as well as changes in quality of life, well-being, physical abilities, body composition, and physical exercise frequency, in women who had recently undergone breast cancer surgery and were undergoing adjuvant treatment. The 14-week programme consisted of two supervised 1-hour sessions per week plus one additional hour of independent physical activity, addressing joint mobility, flexibility, aerobic exercise, strength, relaxation techniques, and breathing/posture education, while supporting autonomy (choice of exercises), competence (instruction on the purpose/benefits of each activity), and relatedness (group walks and a WhatsApp support group). Assessments were taken before and after the intervention using validated questionnaires and physical/anthropometric tests.

03

Conditions studied

  • Breast Cancer
  • Breast Neoplasms

Keywords

  • Breast cancer
  • Quality of life
  • Motivation
  • Oncological rehabilitation
  • Physical exercise
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Women recently diagnosed with breast cancer who had undergone breast cancer surgery.
  • Currently receiving treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or hormone therapy)
  • Able to provide written

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Known cardiac abnormalities, such as unstable angina or recent myocardial infarction.
  • Any severe disability that could affect physical function, including severe arthritis.
  • Current diagnosis of severe psychiatric illness (participants with minor psychiatric diagnoses were eligible if well enough to participate).
  • Currently enrolled in another health behaviour trial or programme.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Adjuvant and neoadjuvant

Neoadjuvant treatment is given before the main treatment (usually surgery), often to shrink a tumour. Adjuvant treatment is given after it, to lower the chance of the cancer coming back.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Supportive care
Allocation
Not applicable
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
16 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Supervised Exercise Intervention Group

    Women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or hormone therapy) who participated in a 14-week supervised exercise programme. The programme consisted of two supervised 1-hour group sessions per week, led by a specialised professional, plus one additional hour of independent physical activity per week. Sessions addressed joint mobility, flexibility, aerobic exercise, strength training, relaxation techniques, and breathing/posture education, and were designed to support autonomy (choice of exercises), competence (instruction on the purpose and benefits of each activity), and social relatedness (pre-session group walks and a WhatsApp peer-support group).

    Behavioral: Supervised individualized exercise programme

Interventions

  • BehavioralSupervised individualized exercise programme

    A 14-week, twice-weekly (1 hour per session), professionally supervised exercise programme for women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment, combined with one additional hour of independent physical activity per week. Sessions integrated joint mobility, flexibility, aerobic exercise, strength training, relaxation techniques, and breathing/posture education. Unlike standard exercise-oncology programmes, this intervention was explicitly structured around Self-Determination Theory to target the three basic psychological needs: autonomy (participant choice of exercises), competence (clear instruction on the purpose and benefit of each exercise), and relatedness (pre-session group walks and a WhatsApp peer-support group), aiming to promote both physical recovery and self-determined motivation to exercise

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction

    Assessed using the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BPNSS), an 18-item instrument covering autonomy, competence, and relatedness, rated on a 6-point Likert scale.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  2. Change in Exercise Behavioural Regulation (Motivation)

    Assessed using the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3), a 23-item instrument covering intrinsic, integrated, identified, introjected, and external regulation, and demotivation, rated on a 5-point Likert scale.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  3. Change in Self-Esteem

    Assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, a 10-item instrument rated on a 4-point Likert scale.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in Quality of Life

    Assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Breast plus Arm Morbidity (FACT-B+4), a 42-item instrument covering physical, social/family, emotional, and functional well-being, and breast/upper-limb-specific concerns.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  2. Change in Perceived Physical Condition

    Assessed using the International Fitness Scale (IFIS), a 5-item self-reported fitness questionnaire.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  3. Change in Perceived Autonomy Support

    Assessed using the Perceived Support for Autonomy in Exercise Settings Scale (PSAESS), a 12-item instrument.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  4. Change in Handgrip Strength

    Muscle strength of both hands measured in kilograms using a hand-held dynamometer.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  5. Change in Functional Capacity (6-Minute Walk Test)

    Distance walked in 6 minutes, measured in metres.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  6. Change in Body Composition: Skinfold Thickness

    Body skinfold thickness was measured in millimetres using a skinfold caliper (Harpenden Skinfold Caliper, HSB-B1, Baty/Quality Measurement Ltd, West Sussex, UK).

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  7. Change in Body Composition: Circumferences

    Waist and hip circumferences in centimetres using a tape measure (Holtain Ltd., Crosswell, Crymych, Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom)

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  8. Change in Perceived Exertion

    Assessed using the Borg Scale (Borg 1982). The Perceived Exertion is a 15 point category-ratio; the odd numbered categories have verbal anchors. Beginning at 6, "no exertion at all," and goes up to 20, "maximal exertion." Before testing, subjects were instructed on the use of the RPE scale (Noble et al., 1996). We use the scale with the clear differentiation between central as peripheral perceived exertion following the recommendations of the medical staff and under the guideline of Borg (1982), for applied studies.

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  9. Change in Heart Rate

    Initial and final heart rate measured using a heart rate monitor (beats per minute)

    Time frame: Baseline and post-intervention (14 weeks)

  10. Change in Physical Exercise Frequency

    Minutes of moderate, vigorous, and very vigorous physical activity, measured using a wrist-worn activity tracker (Fitbit Charge 4).

    Time frame: Continuously throughout the 14-week intervention

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura
    Cáceres, Cáceres 10004, Spain
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after de-identification, will be made available as Supplementary Material accompanying the published article

Time frame: The dataset will be made available as Supplementary Material immediately upon publication of the article, with no end date.

Access criteria: The de-identified dataset will be freely and publicly accessible to anyone as Supplementary Material accompanying the published article, without requiring a formal request or approval.

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Jan 2023 to primary completion in Sep 2024, 20 months.

Of 2,661 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Breast Neoplasms, half reached primary completion within 33 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 16 and three quarters within 66. This study's 20 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 2,771 studies reached it within 33 months; a quarter within 15 and three quarters within 66.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Sep 10, 2026
First posted
Sep 25, 2026
StartActual
Jan 13, 2023
Primary completionActual
Sep 25, 2024
CompletionActual
Sep 23, 2025
Last update
Sep 25, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Registered
First appeared on the registry. No changes since
Sep 25, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Sep 25, 2026
    First appeared on the registry

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07843121
Lead sponsor
University of Extremadura
Responsible party
Marta Leyton Román (PHD, Associate Professor, University of Extremadura) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 25, 2026
Start date
Jan 13, 2023
Primary completion
Sep 25, 2024
Completion
Sep 23, 2025
Last update
Sep 25, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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This study is completed, as verified in Sep 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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