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Not yet recruitingNCT07804017BREATH-PANUpdated Sep 4, 2026

Exhaled Breath Electronic Nose for Multi-Disease Risk Prescreening

An observational study in Lung Cancer, Pulmonary Nodule and Chronic Respiratory Disease, sponsored by The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. Not yet recruiting. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-04.

Sponsored by The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University · Observational

Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
20,000
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 26 studies in Lung Neoplasms by The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University — 20 open to participants now, 20 under way, none of them phase 3. Lung Neoplasms · The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University.

Started
2026
with 3 others
Observational
8 of 26
6 open now
Primary completion
2028-01
later than 15 of 19 live
Registered
25th of 26
by date

Among the 26 studies in Lung Neoplasms by The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, this one is one of 4 that started in 2026, is one of 8 observational ones, reaches primary completion later than 15 of the 19 other live ones, and was the 25th registered.

By phase

26 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

No phase12 · 9 open
Observationalthis study8 · 6 open
Phase 26 · 5 open

By the year they started

First in 2010; this study’s year is marked. 4 started in 2026.

Size and results

Median enrollment 110 across the 18 interventional studies, 550 across the 8 observational. Of the 4 that completed or were terminated, 0 (0%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 26 studies in Lung Neoplasms by The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

This prospective multicenter observational study will evaluate whether an electronic nose that analyzes patterns in exhaled breath can be developed as a noninvasive tool for early risk prescreening across several disease areas. The study will enroll up to 20,000 adults from hospitals and health examination centers. It will first establish a standardized breath-sampling and quality-control procedure and assess repeatability across breathing maneuvers, devices, centers, and time. It will then develop and independently evaluate risk prescreening models for prespecified disease modules, including lung cancer/clinically significant pulmonary nodules, chronic respiratory diseases, and metabolic/endocrine diseases, with additional exploratory modules involving liver, kidney, cardiovascular, and systemic inflammatory/infectious/immune conditions.

The electronic-nose results are for research only and will not be reported to participants or clinicians or used to change routine screening, diagnosis, or treatment. Disease reference status will be determined from examinations, laboratory tests, imaging, pathology, pulmonary function testing, specialist assessments, or follow-up that are already performed as part of routine care. The study will evaluate screening sensitivity, specificity, false-negative rate, predictive values, calibration, and performance across different centers, devices, and time periods.

Read the detailed description

This is an investigator-initiated, prospective, multicenter, observational, staged platform cohort study involving hospitals and health examination centers. The study is designed to establish a standardized and traceable exhaled-breath electronic-nose platform and to evaluate its potential role as a first-line risk prescreening tool rather than as a stand-alone diagnostic test. Up to 20,000 participants will be prospectively enrolled.

The first stage is a methodological standardization and cross-center consistency cohort of approximately 500 clinically stable participants. Each participant will complete three predefined breathing maneuvers in randomized order: end-expiratory sampling without breath holding, sampling after a 5-second breath hold, and sampling after a 10-second breath hold. Each maneuver will be repeated twice. At least 250 participants will undergo repeat sampling at 7±3 days and 30±7 days, and selected participants will undergo cross-device or cross-center bridge sampling. Repeatability, within-participant variability, sample validity, tolerability, and device/center consistency will be evaluated to determine the locked sampling and quality-control procedure for the subsequent large cohort.

The second stage is a multi-disease risk prescreening cohort of approximately 19,500 participants. Prespecified major disease modules include lung cancer/clinically significant pulmonary nodules, chronic respiratory diseases, and metabolic/endocrine diseases. Liver, kidney, cardiovascular, and systemic inflammatory/infectious/immune conditions will be evaluated as secondary or exploratory modules. Because participants may have more than one condition, disease outcomes will be modeled using a multi-label rather than mutually exclusive classification framework.

Approximately 12,000 participants will be used for model development, approximately 3,000 for temporally independent evaluation, and approximately 4,500 from prespecified held-out centers for whole-center external evaluation. Preprocessing procedures, model architecture, features, module-specific screening thresholds, and the overall screening rule will be locked before evaluation data are analyzed. Temporal and whole-center external evaluation datasets will not be used for model tuning or threshold selection.

Reference status for each disease module will be determined from routine clinical or health-screening information, including laboratory testing, pulmonary function testing, imaging, pathology, specialist assessment, and routine follow-up as applicable. The study will not require additional CT scans, blood sampling, endoscopy, surgery, or other invasive procedures solely to establish the reference standard. Participants with insufficient reference information will not be included in the corresponding primary accuracy analysis.

Primary evaluation of the locked risk prescreening models will include sensitivity, specificity, false-negative rate, and 95% confidence intervals at fixed thresholds. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and screening-positive rate will also be reported in consecutively recruited intended-use populations without case enrichment. Secondary analyses will assess AUROC, AUPRC, likelihood ratios, Brier score, calibration, decision-curve net benefit, subgroup performance, and transportability across centers, devices, and acquisition periods.

A nested longitudinal/repeat-sampling cohort of approximately 600-1,000 participants, with an upper limit of 3,000, may undergo repeat breath sampling at routine preoperative/postoperative, treatment, follow-up, or health examination visits to explore within-person temporal changes in breath profiles. These analyses are exploratory and are not part of the primary risk prescreening conclusions.

03

Conditions studied

  • Lung Cancer
  • Pulmonary Nodule
  • Chronic Respiratory Disease
  • Metabolic Disease
  • Endocrine Disease

Keywords

  • Electronic Nose
  • Exhaled Breath
  • Multi-Disease Risk Prescreening
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Machine Learning
  • Noninvasive Screening
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

Adults aged ≥18 years will be prospectively recruited from participating hospitals and health examination centers. The study population will include individuals undergoing routine health examinations, opportunistic screening, or planned disease-specific screening or clinical evaluation. Clinically stable volunteers will be enrolled in the methodological standardization cohort, while the multi-disease risk prescreening cohort will include consecutively recruited intended-use populations with available routine reference screening or sufficient clinical information for reference-status determination. Patients with suspected or confirmed disease may also be included for model development or exploratory analyses but will not replace the intended-use population for locked external evaluation.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

Age ≥18 years. Able to provide and willing to sign written informed consent. Able to understand and follow standardized breathing instructions and safely complete seated exhaled-breath sampling.

Breath sampling is considered by the study physician not to delay or interfere with necessary routine clinical care or health examination.

Routine reference screening results are available for at least one prespecified disease module, or sufficient clinical information is available to determine the corresponding reference status.

Willing to permit authorized study personnel to review relevant medical records and follow-up information within the scope of ethical approval.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

Refusal to participate, inability to provide valid , or inability to reliably comply with study procedures.

Acute respiratory distress, active massive hemoptysis, untreated pneumothorax, significant impairment of consciousness, or any condition for which forced exhalation is considered unsafe by the study physician.

Requirement for strict airborne isolation when the study site or equipment cannot meet applicable infection-control requirements.

Recent major surgery, invasive procedure, or other clinical intervention for which the treating physician considers breath sampling should be postponed.

Vomiting, severe nausea, intense coughing, or other conditions before sampling that substantially increase the risk of aspiration, syncope, or related adverse events.

Acute oral or nasopharyngeal conditions, or recent food intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, vigorous exercise, or other factors that prevent standardized breath sampling; such participants may be rescheduled rather than permanently excluded.

Key reference-standard information is unavailable and is not expected to be obtained through routine follow-up.

Any other condition considered by the investigator to make participation inappropriate.

Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
20,000 participants (estimated)
Target follow-up
2 Years
Patient registry
Yes

Groups and cohorts

  • Methodological Standardization Cohort

    Approximately 500 clinically stable participants will undergo standardized exhaled-breath sampling to evaluate methodological repeatability and cross-center/device consistency. Participants will complete three predefined breathing maneuvers in randomized order, with each maneuver repeated twice. At least 250 participants will undergo repeat sampling at 7±3 days and 30±7 days, and selected participants may undergo cross-device or cross-center bridge sampling.

    Diagnostic Test: Electronic-Nose Breath Assessment

  • Multi-Disease Risk Prescreening Cohort

    Approximately 19,500 participants will undergo standardized exhaled-breath electronic-nose assessment before the corresponding routine reference screening results are available. The cohort will be used to develop and independently evaluate multi-label risk prescreening models for prespecified disease modules, including lung cancer/clinically significant pulmonary nodules, chronic respiratory diseases, and metabolic/endocrine diseases, with additional secondary or exploratory disease modules.

    Diagnostic Test: Electronic-Nose Breath Assessment

Interventions

  • Diagnostic testElectronic-Nose Breath Assessment

    Participants will provide standardized exhaled-breath samples for electronic-nose analysis. The electronic-nose system records multichannel gas-sensor responses together with flow, temperature, humidity, and process information. In the methodological standardization cohort, participants will undergo repeated sampling using three predefined breathing maneuvers to assess repeatability and cross-center/device consistency. In the multi-disease risk prescreening cohort, participants will undergo the locked standardized sampling procedure for development and independent evaluation of disease risk prescreening models. Electronic-nose results are for research purposes only and will not be reported to participants or clinicians or used to alter routine screening, diagnosis, or treatment.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Same-Day Repeatability of the Locked Exhaled-Breath Sampling Method

    Same-day repeatability of electronic-nose measurements obtained using the locked exhaled-breath sampling method will be assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals based on repeated measurements collected from the same participant during the same visit.

    Time frame: During the baseline sampling visit; repeated samples are collected approximately 3-5 minutes apart.

  2. Screening Performance of the Locked Multi-Disease Risk Prescreening Models

    For each prespecified major disease module meeting the required event-number threshold, sensitivity, specificity, false-negative rate, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals will be estimated at the locked screening threshold. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and screening-positive rate will additionally be reported in consecutively recruited, non-enriched intended-use populations. Temporal and whole-center external evaluations will be reported separately.

    Time frame: From index breath sampling to completion and adjudication of the corresponding routine reference screening or clinical assessment, up to 16 months after index breath sampling.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve of the Locked Risk Prescreening Models

    For each prespecified major disease module meeting the required event-number threshold, discrimination of the locked risk prescreening model will be assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with 95% confidence intervals. Temporal and whole-center external evaluations will be reported separately.

    Time frame: From index breath sampling to completion and adjudication of the corresponding routine reference screening or clinical assessment, up to 16 months after index breath sampling.

  2. Downstream Examination Burden of the Any-Major-Module-Positive Rule

    The downstream examination burden of the prespecified "any major module positive" rule will be estimated as the number of participants per 1,000 individuals screened who would be referred for further disease-specific screening or clinical assessment under the locked rule.

    Time frame: From index breath sampling to completion and adjudication of the corresponding routine reference screening or clinical assessment, up to 16 months after index breath sampling.

  3. Valid-Sample Rate of Standardized Exhaled-Breath Sampling

    The valid-sample rate will be defined as the proportion of completed exhaled-breath sampling procedures that meet the prespecified locked quality-control criteria for a valid electronic-nose sample.

    Time frame: During each exhaled-breath sampling visit.

  4. Short-Term Stability of the Locked Exhaled-Breath Sampling Method

    Short-term stability of electronic-nose measurements obtained using the locked sampling method will be assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals across baseline and repeat measurements at 7±3 days and 30±7 days.

    Time frame: From baseline sampling through the 30±7-day repeat-sampling visit.

  5. Adverse Event Rate During or Immediately After Exhaled-Breath Sampling

    The adverse event rate will be defined as the proportion of participants experiencing one or more adverse events during or immediately after exhaled-breath sampling, including cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, dizziness, nausea, syncope, hypoxemia, or other adverse events recorded in association with the sampling procedure.

    Time frame: During and immediately after each exhaled-breath sampling procedure.

07

Study locations

No study locations are listed for this record.

08

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Start is estimated for Sep 2026; primary completion for Jan 2028, 16 months later.

Of 591 non-industry observational studies under Lung Neoplasms, half reached primary completion within 65 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 25 and three quarters within 162. This study's planned 16 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 681 studies reached it within 57 months; a quarter within 25 and three quarters within 135.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 15, 2026
First posted
Sep 4, 2026
StartEst.
Sep 1, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Jan 1, 2028
CompletionEst.
Sep 1, 2028
Last update
Sep 4, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 4, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
09

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07804017
Responsible party
Jianxing He (Clinical Professor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Sep 4, 2026
Start date
Sep 1, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Jan 1, 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Sep 1, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 4, 2026

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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