A Phase 1/2 interventional study of Standard background therapy and Placebo in Primary Biliary Cholangitis, sponsored by Beijing 302 Hospital. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-08-31.
Sponsored by Beijing 302 Hospital · Phase 1/2, Interventional, and Treatment
This phase I/II clinical trial evaluates human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (hUC-MSC) injection in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The phase I component uses a 3+3 dose-escalation design with separate single-dose and multiple-dose stages to assess safety and tolerability, establish the maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase II dose, while monitoring adverse events, vital signs, laboratory parameters, and immunogenicity, and to explore preliminary efficacy signals. The phase II component is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with the primary endpoint of composite response of alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin at 12 weeks to evaluate efficacy, alongside continuous safety surveillance. Systematic measurements of liver function, cholestasis, immune markers, quality of life, and pruritus scores are incorporated to investigate mechanisms and potential biomarkers, aiming to generate robust clinical evidence that supports future development and clinical translation of hUC-MSC therapy for PBC.
This is a phase I/II clinical trial. The phase I component uses a conventional "3+3" dose-escalation design with three dose levels: low (1.0×10⁸ cells), medium (1.5×10⁸ cells), and high (2.0×10⁸ cells). Each dose cohort enrolls 3-6 evaluable participants, for a total of 18-36 evaluable subjects. Phase Ia is a single-dose stage, with dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) assessed up to 7 days after the infusion. Phase Ib is a multiple-dose stage, in which participants receive one intravenous infusion weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, and DLT is evaluated up to 28 days after the first dose. The aim is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or the recommended phase II dose (RP2D).
The phase II component plans to enroll 50 patients with primary biliary cholangitis, who will be randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive either dose level 1 (1.5×10⁸ cells), dose level 2 (2.0×10⁸ cells), or placebo control, with the final dose to be confirmed based on the results of phase I. The treatment regimen consists of one intravenous infusion weekly for 3 consecutive weeks. The primary objective of phase II is to evaluate preliminary efficacy.
Diagnosis of PBC per the 2025 PBC Guideline of the National Health Commission of China, meeting at least 2 of the following 3 criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Use of prohibited medications within specified washout periods:
Participants receive placebo infusions via peripheral intravenous infusion once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks (at Week 0, Week 1, and Week 2), in addition to background therapy as per inclusion criteria (i.e., continued stable UDCA for patients on prior UDCA, or no UDCA for those intolerant to UDCA).
Drug: Standard background therapy · Drug: Placebo
Participants receive human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hUC-MSC) at a planned dose of 1.5×10⁸ cells per infusion (final dose to be confirmed based on the maximum tolerated dose / recommended phase II dose determined from phase I results) via peripheral intravenous infusion once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks (at Week 0, Week 1, and Week 2), in addition to background therapy as per inclusion criteria (continued stable UDCA for prior users, or no UDCA for intolerant patients).
Drug: Standard background therapy · Biological: hUC-MSC Dose Level 1
Participants receive hUC-MSC at a planned dose of 2.0×10⁸ cells per infusion (final dose to be confirmed based on the MTD/RP2D from phase I) via peripheral intravenous infusion once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks (at Week 0, Week 1, and Week 2), in addition to background therapy as per inclusion criteria (continued stable UDCA for prior users, or no UDCA for intolerant patients).
Drug: Standard background therapy · Biological: hUC-MSC Dose Level 2
UDCA capsule 250 mg, orally, 13-15 mg/kg/day, taken with a small amount of water. This background therapy is administered only to participants who have been on a stable dose of UDCA for at least 6 months prior to enrollment (and stable for ≥3 months before screening). Participants who are intolerant to UDCA (and have not used UDCA for ≥3 months before enrollment) do not receive UDCA during the study.
Matching placebo solution (e.g., 5% human serum albumin in 0.9% saline) administered via peripheral intravenous infusion at Week 0, Week 1, and Week 2 (once weekly for 3 infusions).
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, planned at 1.5×10⁸ cells per infusion (final dose subject to confirmation based on phase I MTD/RP2D). Administered via peripheral intravenous infusion at Week 0, Week 1, and Week 2 (once weekly for 3 infusions).
Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, planned at 2.0×10⁸ cells per infusion (final dose subject to confirmation based on phase I MTD/RP2D). Administered via peripheral intravenous infusion at Week 0, Week 1, and Week 2 (once weekly for 3 infusions).
Incidence of Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) in Phase I
Occurrence of DLT during the DLT observation period (single-dose cohort: 7 days after infusion; multiple-dose cohort: 28 days after first infusion), graded by CTCAE v6.0.
Time frame: Up to Day 7 (single-dose) or up to Day 28 (multiple-dose).
Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events (Phase I)
Safety and tolerability assessed by monitoring TEAEs, SAEs, and clinically significant changes in vital signs, physical examination, laboratory parameters, and 12-lead ECG.
Time frame: Up to Day 7 (single-dose) or up to Day 28 (multiple-dose).
Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of hUC-MSC in PBC Patients (Phase I)
Determination of MTD based on DLT occurrence in the 3+3 dose-escalation phase I; MTD is the highest dose with ≤1/6 participants experiencing DLT.
Time frame: At completion of phase I dose escalation (after DLT evaluation).
Composite Biochemical Response at Week 12 (Phase II)
Proportion of participants achieving all three: ALP \< 1.67×ULN, ALP reduction ≥15% from baseline, and total bilirubin ≤ ULN at Week 12.
Time frame: Week 12
Proportion with ALP <1.67×ULN or ALP Reduction ≥15% or TB ≤ULN at Week 12 (Phase I)
Exploratory efficacy endpoint for phase I - participants meeting at least one of the three criteria at Week 12.
Time frame: Week 12
Change from Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (Phase I)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline at each specified visit.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96
Change from Baseline in Total Bilirubin (TB) (Phase I)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline at each specified visit.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96
Change from Baseline in Direct Bilirubin (DBIL) (Phase I)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline at each specified visit.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96
Change from Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (Phase I)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (Phase I)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) (Phase I)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Primary Biliary Cholangitis-40 (PBC-40) Total Score (Phase I)
Scale range: 40-200; higher scores indicate worse disease-specific quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Score (Phase I)
Scale range: 0-10; higher scores indicate worse itch severity.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Itchy Quality of Life (ItchyQoL) Total Score (Phase I)
Scale range: 22-110; higher scores indicate worse itch-related quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) (Phase II)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline at each specified visit.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Total Bilirubin (TB) (Phase II)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline at each specified visit.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Direct Bilirubin (DBIL) (Phase II)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline at each specified visit.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) (Phase II)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (Phase II)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) (Phase II)
Absolute and percentage changes from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Primary Biliary Cholangitis-40 (PBC-40) Total Score (Phase II)
Scale range: 40-200; higher scores indicate worse disease-specific quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96
Change from Baseline in Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) Score (Phase II)
Scale range: 0-10; higher scores indicate worse itch severity.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96
Change from Baseline in Itchy Quality of Life (ItchyQoL) Total Score (Phase II)
Scale range: 22-110; higher scores indicate worse itch-related quality of life.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96
Change from Baseline in Serum Total Bile Acids (TBA) (Phase II)
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in 7α-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) (Phase II)
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF-19) (Phase II)
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96.
Change from Baseline in Liver Stiffness by Transient Elastography (Phase II)
Change in liver stiffness measurement (kPa) at Week 12.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 12.
Change from Baseline in Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM) - (Phase I)
Exploratory immune function endpoint.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48.
Change from Baseline in Lymphocyte Subsets (Phase II)
Exploratory immune markers including CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio.
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48.
Change from Baseline in Cytokines (Phase II)
Exploratory cytokine marker including Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ).
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48.
Change from Baseline in C-Reactive Protein (CRP) (Phase II)
Time frame: Baseline, Day 3, Week 1, 2, 4, 12, 24, 48.
Plan to share: Yes — After approval from the steering committee and the Human Genetic ResourcesAdministration of China, this trial data can be shared with qualifying researchers whosubmit a proposal with a valuable research question. A contract should be signed.
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Beijing 302 Hospital