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RecruitingNCT07750171Updated Sep 17, 2026

Impact of Smoking on Immune Responses in Peri-implant Health and Disease

An observational study in Peri-Implant Health, Peri Implant Mucositis and Peri-implantitis, sponsored by Gazi University. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 21 Years to 75 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-17.

Sponsored by Gazi University · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jun 2026; still recruiting 5 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Other
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
216
Ages
21 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Where this study stands

Counted across the records on this site · 2026-11-12

Among 52 studies in Peri-Implantitis with a site in Turkey — 14 open to participants now, 17 under way, none of them phase 3. Peri-Implantitis · Turkey.

Planned enrollment
3rd of 28
216 · median 84
Started
2026
with 7 others
Observational
28 of 52
5 open now
Primary completion
2026-10
later than 7 of 16 live
Registered
48th of 52
by date
Lead sponsor
4 of 52
Gazi University

Among the 52 studies in Peri-Implantitis with a site in Turkey, this one is the 3rd largest by planned enrollment of the 28 observational ones, is one of 8 that started in 2026, is one of 28 observational ones, reaches primary completion later than 7 of the 16 other live ones, and was the 48th registered.

By phase

52 studies; the count open now beside each. This study's row is marked.

Observationalthis study28 · 5 open
No phase24 · 9 open

By the year they started

First in 2010; this study’s year is marked. 8 started in 2026.

Size and results

Median enrollment 50 across the 24 interventional studies, 84 across the 28 observational. Of the 33 that completed or were terminated, 1 (3%) have results posted.

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Watch this landscapeDownload CSVWith an account: a weekly mail of what changed among 52 studies in Peri-Implantitis with a site in Turkey, or all of them as a file.
02

Study summary

Peri-implant diseases are inflammatory conditions affecting the gums and bone around dental implants. Peri-implant mucositis causes inflammation in the gums, while peri-implantitis can also lead to bone loss and, in severe cases, implant failure. Smoking is an important risk factor for these conditions because it may change how the immune system responds to inflammation and infection.

This study will compare smokers and non-smokers with healthy dental implants, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis. Fluid samples will be collected from around the implants to measure proteins involved in inflammation, healing, and immune responses. The aim is to better understand how smoking affects the body's response to peri-implant diseases and to identify biological markers that may help assess disease risk and severity in the future.

03

Conditions studied

  • Peri-Implant Health
  • Peri Implant Mucositis
  • Peri-implantitis

Keywords

  • Peri-implantitis
  • Host immune response
  • Smoking
04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

The study population will consist of adults with at least one dental implant who attend the Department of Periodontology at Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry. Eligible participants will be classified as smokers or non-smokers and further assigned to one of three groups according to their peri-implant condition: peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis. Participants will be consecutively recruited until the target sample size is reached.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • willingness to participate in the study;
  • having at least one dental implant that has been in function for at least one year;
  • having an implant diagnosed with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or initial peri-implantitis according to the study definitions; for the initial peri-implantitis group, having an implant with PD of 6-7 mm.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • having received periodontal therapy, oral decontamination treatment, antibiotics, or within the last six months before study initiation;
  • being pregnant or breastfeeding;
  • having rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, or poorly controlled systemic diseases such as diabetes or hypertension;
  • having a history of radiation therapy or cancer therapy.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

05

Study design

Observational model
Other
Time perspective
Cross-sectional
Enrollment
216 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No

Groups and cohorts

  • Non-Smokers With Peri-Implant Health

    Participants who do not smoke and have clinically healthy peri-implant tissues.

  • Non-Smokers With Peri-Implant Mucositis

    Participants who do not smoke and have peri-implant mucositis.

  • Non-Smokers With Peri-Implantitis

    Participants who do not smoke and have peri-implantitis.

  • Smokers With Peri-Implant Health

    Participants who smoke and have clinically healthy peri-implant tissues.

  • Smokers With Peri-Implant Mucositis

    Participants who smoke and have peri-implant mucositis.

  • Smokers With Peri-Implantitis

    Participants who smoke and have peri-implantitis

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Peri-implant crevicular fluid levels of Th1/Th2-, M1/M2-, and B-cell-related immune markers

    Peri-implant crevicular fluid samples will be analyzed to determine the levels of IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, BAFF, and APRIL. These marker levels will be compared among smokers and non-smokers with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, or peri-implantitis

    Time frame: At a single study visit

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Started Jun 2026 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Oct 2026, 4 months after the start.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Aug 3, 2026
First posted
Aug 6, 2026
StartActual
Jun 1, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Oct 1, 2026
CompletionEst.
Dec 1, 2026
Last update
Sep 17, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 17, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07750171
Lead sponsor
Gazi University
Collaborators
University of Turku
Responsible party
Buse Naz BÜYÜKAKÇALI ALTAY (Research Assistant, Gazi University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 6, 2026
Start date
Jun 1, 2026
Primary completion
Oct 1, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 1, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 17, 2026

Study contacts

Buse Naz Büyükakçalı, DDS
Contact
busenazbuyukakcali@gazi.edu.tr
+905448024169
Aysen Bodur, Professor
Contact
abodur@gazi.edu.tr
Buse Naz Büyükakçalı, DDS
principal investigator · Gazi University

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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