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Not yet recruitingNCT07743866Updated Sep 1, 2026

Optimizing Parameters of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation for Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3

An interventional study of Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3, sponsored by First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-01.

Sponsored by First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
24
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
18 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this research study is to identify the optimal biological dose for tTIS that targets DN in SCA3 while achieving the best possible balance between therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Read the detailed description

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), also known as Machado-Joseph disease, is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN3 gene. Selective degeneration of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nucleus (DN) leads to abnormal cerebellar outflow circuitry and impaired motor control, resulting in progressive gait ataxia, dysarthria and other motor symptoms. Current treatments are symptomatic only, with no disease-modifying therapies available. Deep brain stimulation targeting the dentate nucleus has shown efficacy but is invasive and associated with significant adverse events.

Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) enables non-invasive, deep and spatially precise neuromodulation. It has been applied in various neurological and psychiatric disorders with favorable safety and efficacy, demonstrating potential for neuromodulation of deep cerebellar circuits.

This phase I/II adaptive dose-finding prospective interventional study evaluates the safety and efficacy of tTIS targeting the cerebellar dentate nucleus in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Using MRI-derived individualized head models and real-time neuronavigation, the study employs a utility-based Bayesian optimal interval (U-BOIN) design with three difference frequencies: 30 Hz, 40 Hz, and 70 Hz. Patients are enrolled in sequential cohorts of three, with dose escalation guided by a utility-based approach integrating safety and efficacy data. Each patient receives ten tTIS sessions over two consecutive weeks, with one session daily. Motor function, balance function, activities of daily living, and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging are evaluated before the first treatment session and after the final treatment session.

02

Conditions studied

  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3

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Keywords

  • Transcranial Temporal Interference stimulation
  • Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
  • Cerebellar dentate nucleus
  • Stimulation difference frequency
  • Individualized head modeling
03

In context

Machado-Joseph Disease

33 studies on the registry are indexed under Machado-Joseph Disease; 5 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 24 is close to the median of 23 across 21 interventional studies indexed under Machado-Joseph Disease.

Browse Machado-Joseph Disease studies →

Lead sponsor

First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University is the lead sponsor of 97 studies on the registry; 55 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. A physician-diagnosed SCA3 according to diagnostic criteria, with definite clinical symptoms and confirmed genetic testing;
  2. Age 18-75 years;
  3. Baseline total score of SARA: 8-30 points (inclusive); SARA gait function subscore: 2-6 points (inclusive);
  4. Willing to participate and provide ;
  5. Have a reliable caregiver available;
  6. No severe cognitive impairment that would preclude reliable reporting of adverse events or efficacy during treatment.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. History of seizures or convulsions, or a seizure within 6 months prior to enrolment;
  2. History of severe traumatic brain injury or intracranial neurosurgery;
  3. Presence of cardiac pacemakers, cochlear implants, intracranial implanted electronic devices, or other MRI- ferromagnetic implants;
  4. Severe cognitive impairment ( [MMSE] score ≤ 9) or severe visual, auditory, or speech dysfunction preventing cooperation with scale assessments and study procedures;
  5. Pregnant or lactating women, or women of childbearing age not using reliable ;
  6. Previous neuromodulation treatment (e.g., rTMS or tDCS) within the past year;
  7. Skin breakdown or inflammation at the electrode placement site, or known allergy to conductive gel or electrode patch adhesives;
  8. Currently participating in other interventional clinical trials, or planning to participate in other trials that might affect the outcome assessment of this study during the study period.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

MMSE and MoCA

Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Sequential assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
24 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    30 Hz Difference Frequency tTIS

    Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) uses a difference frequency (Δf) of 30 Hz.

    Device: Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS)

  • Experimental
    40 Hz Difference Frequency tTIS

    Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) uses a difference frequency (Δf) of 40 Hz.

    Device: Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS)

  • Experimental
    70 Hz Difference Frequency tTIS

    Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS) uses a difference frequency (Δf) of 70 Hz.

    Device: Transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS)

Interventions

  • DeviceTranscranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS)

    Participants assigned to this intervention arm receive transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) with a difference frequency (Δf) of 30Hz/40Hz/70 Hz. Before treatment, individualized electric field modeling is performed based on each participant's 3D-T1 MRI data to optimize electrode placement and stimulation parameters. The stimulation target is the bilateral cerebellar dentate nuclei. A personalized finite element head model is generated, and electrode positions are determined through simulation-based optimization to achieve focused interference electric fields at the target region. During each treatment session, tTIS is delivered using two carrier frequencies of 2000 Hz and 2030Hz/2040Hz/2070 Hz, with a current intensity of 2.0 mA (zero-to-peak). Each session lasts 20 minutes. Treatment is administered twice daily, 5 days per week, for a total of 10 sessions.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Safety: Incidence of Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT)

    DLT event is defined as any one of the following 5 categories: 1. Grade Ⅱ (moderate) or higher adverse events per the NCI-CTCAE grading criteria\[1\] that require topical or non-invasive intervention, such as skin burns (skin breakdown, blister formation); 2. Clinically observable seizures during stimulation; 3. Severe headache with vomiting, confusion, or severe dizziness leading to syncope; 4. Severe sleep disturbance with psychiatric abnormalities (anxiety, depression, hallucinations, etc.); 5. New brain lesions on imaging, or decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the subcortex beneath the stimulation site. References \[1\] Antal A, et al. Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017-2025: An update) - endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN). Clin Neurophysiol. 2026. 184: 2111436

    Time frame: At any point during or immediately following intervention on day of tTIS application

  2. Efficacy: To assess the proportion of patients with SARA improvement (decrease) of at least 1.5 from baseline after 5 days

    The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) evaluates the severity of ataxia symptoms, including gait, posture, speech, and limb kinetic functions. Score range: 0-40 Higher scores indicate more severe ataxia. Response is defined as a reduction of ≥1.5 points from baseline.

    Time frame: Baseline and within 24 hours after completing the 5-day tTIS treatment

  3. Comprehensive Benefit-Risk: Utility

    Utility is a composite measure integrating dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and efficacy response to quantify the overall benefit-risk balance for each dose group. During the trial, the Utility value for each dose group is dynamically calculated using the U-BOIN design platform. In Stage II, the Utility value determines dose allocation for subsequent cohorts. At study completion, the dose group with the highest Utility value is identified as the optimal biological dose.

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after completing the 5-day tTIS treatment

Other outcomes

  1. The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS)

    The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) assesses the severity of cerebellar ataxia across four subscales: posture and gait disturbances, limb kinetic functions, speech disorders, and oculomotor disorders. Total score range: 0-100 Higher scores indicate more severe ataxia impairment.

    Time frame: Baseline and within 24 hours after completing the 5-day tTIS treatment

  2. The European Quality of Life 5-Dimension (EQ-5D)

    The European Quality of Life 5-Dimension Utility Index Score (EQ-5D Utility Index) assesses health-related quality of life across five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Participants' health states are described using a five-digit code, with values ranging from 11111 (no problems in any dimension) to 33333 (extreme problems in all dimensions). The health state code is converted into a utility index score using population-specific preference weights. The score is anchored at 1.0 for full health, with lower values indicating poorer health status; values below 0 may occur for health states considered worse than death depending on the applicable value set.

    Time frame: Baseline and within 24 hours after completing the 5-day tTIS treatment

  3. Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C)

    The Patient Global Impression of Change (PGI-C) is a patient-reported scale assessing perceived change in overall condition after treatment. Score range: 1-7 Lower scores indicate greater improvement

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after completing the 5-day tTIS treatment

  4. Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C)

    The Clinical Global Impression of Change (CGI-C) is a clinician-rated scale assessing overall change in the patient's clinical status. Score range: 1-7 Lower scores indicate greater improvement

    Time frame: Within 24 hours after completing the 5-day tTIS treatment

  5. Change in Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Parameters

    Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including structural MRI (sMRI), resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is performed to evaluate cerebral structural and functional alterations.

    Time frame: Baseline and within 24 hours after completing the 5-day tTIS treatment

  6. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) assesses hemodynamic changes

    Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) assesses hemodynamic changes by measuring regional cerebral oxygenation in the cerebellar and motor cortical regions. Changes in oxygenation signals reflect alterations in regional neural activity through neurovascular coupling.

    Time frame: Baseline and within 24 hours after completing the 5-day tTIS treatment

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 1, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07743866
Lead sponsor
First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University
Responsible party
Xinyuan Chen (Principal Investigator, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 4, 2026
Start date
Aug 7, 2026 (estimated)
Primary completion
Nov 30, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Feb 28, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 1, 2026

Study contacts

Xin-Yuan Chen
Contact
fychenxinyuan@fjmu.edu.cn
+86 15005065282
Kai-Xiong Chen
Contact
1002297884@qq.com
+86 15280096886

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Aug 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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