ClinicalTrials.gg
Active, not recruitingNCT03701399Updated Jun 24, 2026Results posted

Troriluzole in Adult Participants With Spinocerebellar Ataxia

A Phase 3 interventional study of troriluzole and Placebo in Spinocerebellar Ataxias, Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 and Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2, sponsored by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Active, not recruiting at 23 sites in 2 countries. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 75 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-06-24.

Primary conditionMachado-Joseph DiseaseRegistry: Spinocerebellar AtaxiasReclassifiedWhy we changed it
Registry
Spinocerebellar Ataxias — the first condition term the registry derived for this study.
ClinicalTrials.gg
Machado-Joseph Disease
Why
  1. The study's listed conditions name Machado-Joseph Disease, a narrower term within Spinocerebellar Ataxias.
Confidence
High: the new condition is named in the study's own listed conditions. Of 351 hand-checked studies reclassified this way, 68% were exactly right and 84% in the right disease family; the registry's first term was right for 5% (measured 2026-10-21). How we classify →
Wrong?
Tell us the study's main condition →

Sponsored by Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Phase 3, Interventional, and Treatment

Phase
Phase 3
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
299
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 75 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of Troriluzole (200 mg once daily) versus placebo after 48 weeks of treatment in subjects with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA).

02

Conditions studied

  • Spinocerebellar Ataxias
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 6
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 8
  • Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 10

Browse trials for

Keywords

  • Ataxia, SCA, Spinocerebellar Ataxia
03

In context

Machado-Joseph Disease Reclassified

33 studies on the registry are indexed under Machado-Joseph Disease; 5 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 299 is above the median of 23 across 21 interventional studies indexed under Machado-Joseph Disease.

Browse Machado-Joseph Disease studies →

Lead sponsor

Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is the lead sponsor of 15 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Of its 10 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 6 (60%) have results posted.

Compared within Machado-Joseph Disease, this study's primary condition as ClinicalTrials.gg classifies it; the registry's first condition term is Spinocerebellar Ataxias. The counts are of registry records indexed under each term, refreshed daily. How we classify →

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 75 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Participants with a known or suspected diagnosis of the following specific hereditary ataxias: SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA8 and SCA10.

    1. A participant should have a confirmed genotypic diagnosis from a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified lab (can produce test results); or,
    2. A participant has a family member that has a confirmed genotypic diagnosis from a CLIA certified lab (can produce test results) and must be willing to undergo genetic testing to confirm underlying SCA diagnosis; or,
    3. A participant has a confirmed genotypic diagnosis from a lab that is not CLIA certified and must be willing to undergo genetic testing to confirm underlying SCA diagnosis; or,
    4. A participant has clinical evidence that supports diagnosis of one of the aforementioned SCA genotypes but does not have producible test results from a CLIA certified lab from either a family member or for his or herself and the participant must be willing to undergo such testing to confirm the SCA diagnosis (in this case, site must wait for results of genotypic testing prior to randomization)
  2. Ability to ambulate 8 meters without human assistance (canes and other devices allowed)
  3. Screening Modified Functional Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (f-SARA) total score ≥3.
  4. Score of ≥1 on gait subsection of the f-SARA
  5. Determined by the investigator to be medically stable at Baseline/randomization as assessed by medical history, physical examination, laboratory test results, and testing.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. A ≥ 2-point difference on the Modified Functional SARA score between screening and baseline
  2. (MMSE) score \<24
  3. Any medical condition other than one of the hereditary ataxias specified in the inclusion criteria that could predominantly explain or contribute significantly to the participants' symptoms of ataxia.
  4. A prominent spasticity or dystonia that, in the opinion of the investigator, will compromise the ability of the SARA instrument to assess underlying ataxia severity.
  5. A score of 4 on any individual item (Items 1-4) of the f-SARA
  6. Participants should be excluded at screening or baseline if medical conditions have arisen or there is a change in disease status that could confound the ability of the SARA to accurately reflect changes in ataxia severity.
  7. Active liver disease or a history of hepatic intolerance to medications that in the investigator's judgment, is medically significant.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

ECG (electrocardiogram)

A recording of the heart’s electrical activity, taken with stickers on the chest, arms and legs. It takes a few minutes and does not hurt.

MMSE and MoCA

Short tests of memory and thinking, each scored out of 30. Lower scores suggest more difficulty; criteria give a range, either to include people with memory problems or to leave them out.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 3
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Quadruple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
299 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Troriluzole

    Randomization phase (Randomization through Week 48): Participants received starting dose of troriluzole 140 milligrams (mg) capsules orally once daily for first 4 weeks, followed by 200 mg once daily for the remaining 44 weeks of 48-week duration of the double-blind randomization phase. Open-label extension (OLE) phase (OLE Week 1 up to Week 192): Participants who were eligible and agreed to enroll in an OLE phase, will receive troriluzole 200 mg capsules orally once daily for 4 weeks in a blinded manner. After OLE Week 4, all participants will then receive open label troriluzole 200 mg up to Week 192.

    Drug: troriluzole

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Randomization phase (Randomization through Week 48): Participants received troriluzole matching placebo capsules orally once daily for 48 weeks duration of the double-blind randomization phase. OLE phase (Week 1 up to Week 192): Participants who were eligible and agreed to enroll in an OLE phase, will receive troriluzole 140 mg capsules orally once daily for the first 4 weeks in a blinded manner. After OLE Week 4, all participants will then receive open label troriluzole 200 mg up to Week 192.

    Drug: troriluzole · Drug: Placebo

Interventions

  • Administered orally

  • DrugPlacebo

    Administered orally

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in the Modified Functional Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (f-SARA) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants

    The f-SARA was a 4-item performance based scale: 1-gait, 2-stance, 3-sitting, 4-speech disturbance (0:normal (no impairment), 1: mildly impaired function, but no assistance required, 2: moderately impaired function, but needs assistance for certain parts of task, 3: severely impaired function to degree that assistance is needed for all parts of the task, 4: unable to perform function). Total score was derived as sum of individual items; ranged from 0 to 16. Higher score indicated worst outcome. A negative change in score showed improvement.

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline; Week 48

Secondary outcomes

  1. Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Patient Impression of Function and Activities of Daily Living Scale (PIFAS) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants

    PIFAS was a 17-item instrument designed to assess the level of functional disability. The scale was rater administered and the items were selected to encompass domains of relevance to SCA (i.e., mobility, speech/swallowing, and fatigue), and to capture function and activities of daily living within these domains. Statements were rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "0" reflecting "not at all" to "4" reflecting "very much." The total score was derived as the sum of the individual items, ranged between 0 to 68. Higher score indicated a worst outcome. A negative change in score showed improvement.

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 48

  2. Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale - Activities of Daily Living (FARS-ADL) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants

    FARS was a scale consisting of combined timed measures of performance, FUNC (0-6, higher score indicated worst outcome), ADL with paramount neurologic examination (0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome), FARSn (0-125, higher score indicated worst outcome). Total score was sum of these 3 subscales: 0-167, higher score indicated worst outcome. For this outcome measure, only FARS-ADL sub-scale was evaluated. It was multicomponent scale designed to assess neurological domains affected in Friedreich's Ataxia, another hereditary cerebellar ataxia disorder. This subscale had been validated in Friedreich's ataxia, was a measure of functional disability, and correlated with SARA total scores. It assessed 9 areas of ADL with response categories rated on 5-point scale with "0" reflecting "normal" and "4" reflecting inability to perform specific function. Total score was derived as sum of individual items, ranging 0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome. FARS-ADL was rater administered.

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 48

  3. Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Functional Staging for Ataxia Scale From the Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS-FUNC) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants

    FARS was a scale consisting of combined timed measures of performance, FUNC (0-6, higher score indicated worst outcome), ADL with paramount neurologic examination (0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome), FARSn (0-125, higher score indicated worst outcome). The total score was a sum of these 3 subscales; 0-167, higher score indicated worst outcome. For this outcome measure, only the FARS-FUNC sub-scale was evaluated. FARS-FUNC was a subscale of the FARS designed to provide functional staging for ataxia in which clinicians were asked to assess function on a 6-stage staging system, with "0" reflecting "normal" and "6" reflecting a stage in participant was "total disabled".

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 48

  4. Randomization Phase: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs); and AEs Leading to Treatment Discontinuation

    An AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition in a participant that did not necessarily had a causal relationship with this treatment. An SAE was defined as any AE that resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of the participant or was considered another important medical event. Treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) in the randomization phase included any AE with an onset date on or after the first day of double-blind study drug and up to the first day of open-label study drug in the extension phase (for participants entering the extension phase) or last day of the randomization phase study drug + 30 days.

    Time frame: From first dose of study drug to Week 48 plus 30 days (maximum duration: 52 weeks)

Other outcomes

  1. Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in the f-SARA Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants

    The f-SARA was a 4-item performance based scale: 1-gait, 2-stance, 3-sitting, 4-speech disturbance (0:normal (no impairment), 1:mildly impaired function, but no assistance required, 2:moderately impaired function, but needs assistance for certain parts of task, 3: severely impaired function to degree that assistance is needed for all parts of the task, 4:unable to perform function). Total score was derived as sum of individual items; ranged from 0 to 16. Higher score indicated worst outcome. A negative change in score shows improvement.

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline; Week 48

  2. Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in PIFAS Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants

    PIFAS was a 17-item instrument designed to assess the level of functional disability. The scale is rater administered and the items were selected to encompass domains of relevance to SCA (i.e., mobility, speech/swallowing, and fatigue), and to capture function and activities of daily living within these domains. Statements are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "0" reflecting "not at all" to "4" reflecting "very much." The total score is derived as the sum of the individual items, ranged between 0 to 68. Higher score indicated a worst outcome. A negative change in score showed improvement.

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 48

  3. Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in FARS-ADL Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants

    FARS was a scale consisting of combined timed measures of performance, FUNC (0-6, higher score indicated worst outcome), ADL with paramount neurologic examination (0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome), FARSn (0-125, higher score indicated worst outcome). Total score was sum of these 3 subscales: 0-167, higher score indicated worst outcome. For this outcome measure, only FARS-ADL sub-scale was evaluated. It was multicomponent scale designed to assess neurological domains affected in Friedreich's Ataxia, another hereditary cerebellar ataxia disorder. This subscale had been validated in Friedreich's ataxia, was a measure of functional disability, and correlated with SARA total scores. It assessed 9 areas of ADL with response categories rated on 5-point scale with "0" reflecting "normal" and "4" reflecting inability to perform specific function. Total score was derived as sum of individual items, ranging 0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome. FARS-ADL was rater administered.

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 48

  4. Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in FARS-FUNC Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants

    FARS was a scale consisting of combined timed measures of performance, FUNC (0-6, higher score indicated worst outcome), ADL with paramount neurologic examination (0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome), FARSn (0-125, higher score indicated worst outcome). The total score was a sum of these 3 subscales; 0-167, higher score indicated worst outcome. For this outcome measure, only the FARS-FUNC sub-scale was evaluated. FARS-FUNC was a subscale of the FARS designed to provide functional staging for ataxia in which clinicians were asked to assess function on a 6-stage staging system, with "0" reflecting "normal" and "6" reflecting a stage in participant was "total disabled".

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 48

  5. Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Global Improvement Scale (CGI-I) in SCA3 Participants

    The CGI-I was a 7-point scale that required the clinician to assess how much the participant's illness had improved or worsened relative to the baseline visit and it was rated on a 7 point scale: 1= "Very much improved", 2= "Much improved", 3= "Minimally improved", 4= "No change", 5= "Minimally worse", 6= "Much worse" and 7= "Very much worse". Higher scores indicated greater impairment.

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline; Week 48

  6. Falls Events in Troriluzole Compared to Placebo for All SCA Participants

    An AE of Fall was recorded if there was a worsening of frequency of falls or if a fall was associated with an injury.

    Time frame: Randomization Baseline, Week 48

07

Results

Posted Feb 10, 2025

Participant flow

The study was conducted at 23 sites in 2 countries (21 sites in the US and 2 sites in China).

Participant flow — Overall Study
MilestoneTroriluzolePlacebo
Started109109
Treated108109
Completed9696
Not completed1313
Withdrew: Adverse event35
Withdrew: Withdrawal by subject63
Withdrew: Investigators decision12
Withdrew: Lost to follow-up12
Withdrew: Death11
Withdrew: Randomized but not treated10

Outcome measures

PrimaryRandomization Phase: Change From Baseline in the Modified Functional Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (f-SARA) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants

The f-SARA was a 4-item performance based scale: 1-gait, 2-stance, 3-sitting, 4-speech disturbance (0:normal (no impairment), 1: mildly impaired function, but no assistance required, 2: moderately impaired function, but needs assistance for certain parts of task, 3: severely impaired function to degree that assistance is needed for all parts of the task, 4: unable to perform function). Total score was derived as sum of individual items; ranged from 0 to 16. Higher score indicated worst outcome. A negative change in score showed improvement.

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline; Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in the Modified Functional Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (f-SARA) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
All SCA0.20 ± 0.190.27 ± 0.18
SCA3-0.03 ± 0.200.53 ± 0.19
Statistical analysis
  • Troriluzole vs Placebo · Mixed Models Analysis · p = 0.7581 · Least squares mean difference: -0.06 · 95% CI -0.47 to 0.34Model based summary statistics were from a mixed model with repeated measures, including fixed effects for treatment, randomization stratum (SCA genotype group), visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and country, baseline score as a covariate
  • Troriluzole vs Placebo · Mixed Models Analysis · p = 0.0450 · Least square mean difference: -0.56 · 95% CI -1.11 to -0.01Model based summary statistics were from a mixed model with repeated measures, including fixed effects for treatment, randomization stratum (SCA genotype group), visit, treatment-by-visit interaction, and country.
SecondaryRandomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Patient Impression of Function and Activities of Daily Living Scale (PIFAS) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants

PIFAS was a 17-item instrument designed to assess the level of functional disability. The scale was rater administered and the items were selected to encompass domains of relevance to SCA (i.e., mobility, speech/swallowing, and fatigue), and to capture function and activities of daily living within these domains. Statements were rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "0" reflecting "not at all" to "4" reflecting "very much." The total score was derived as the sum of the individual items, ranged between 0 to 68. Higher score indicated a worst outcome. A negative change in score showed improvement.

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline, Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Patient Impression of Function and Activities of Daily Living Scale (PIFAS) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
All SCA-0.93 ± 1.491.03 ± 1.43
SCA30.56 ± 1.652.96 ± 1.67
SecondaryRandomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale - Activities of Daily Living (FARS-ADL) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants

FARS was a scale consisting of combined timed measures of performance, FUNC (0-6, higher score indicated worst outcome), ADL with paramount neurologic examination (0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome), FARSn (0-125, higher score indicated worst outcome). Total score was sum of these 3 subscales: 0-167, higher score indicated worst outcome. For this outcome measure, only FARS-ADL sub-scale was evaluated. It was multicomponent scale designed to assess neurological domains affected in Friedreich's Ataxia, another hereditary cerebellar ataxia disorder. This subscale had been validated in Friedreich's ataxia, was a measure of functional disability, and correlated with SARA total scores. It assessed 9 areas of ADL with response categories rated on 5-point scale with "0" reflecting "normal" and "4" reflecting inability to perform specific function. Total score was derived as sum of individual items, ranging 0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome. FARS-ADL was rater administered.

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline, Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale - Activities of Daily Living (FARS-ADL) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
All SCA0.453 ± 0.502-0.017 ± 0.480
SCA30.918 ± 0.5231.130 ± 0.506
SecondaryRandomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Functional Staging for Ataxia Scale From the Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS-FUNC) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants

FARS was a scale consisting of combined timed measures of performance, FUNC (0-6, higher score indicated worst outcome), ADL with paramount neurologic examination (0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome), FARSn (0-125, higher score indicated worst outcome). The total score was a sum of these 3 subscales; 0-167, higher score indicated worst outcome. For this outcome measure, only the FARS-FUNC sub-scale was evaluated. FARS-FUNC was a subscale of the FARS designed to provide functional staging for ataxia in which clinicians were asked to assess function on a 6-stage staging system, with "0" reflecting "normal" and "6" reflecting a stage in participant was "total disabled".

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline, Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in Functional Staging for Ataxia Scale From the Friedreich's Ataxia Rating Scale (FARS-FUNC) Total Score at Week 48 in SCA Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
All SCA0.266 ± 0.0750.226 ± 0.072
SCA30.216 ± 0.0790.328 ± 0.077
SecondaryRandomization Phase: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs); and AEs Leading to Treatment Discontinuation

An AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition in a participant that did not necessarily had a causal relationship with this treatment. An SAE was defined as any AE that resulted in death, was life-threatening, required inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, resulted in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, was a congenital anomaly/birth defect in the offspring of the participant or was considered another important medical event. Treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs) in the randomization phase included any AE with an onset date on or after the first day of double-blind study drug and up to the first day of open-label study drug in the extension phase (for participants entering the extension phase) or last day of the randomization phase study drug + 30 days.

Time frame:
From first dose of study drug to Week 48 plus 30 days (maximum duration: 52 weeks)
Reported as:
Number · participants
Randomization Phase: Number of Participants With Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), Serious Adverse Events (TESAEs); and AEs Leading to Treatment Discontinuation
participantsTroriluzolePlacebo
TEAEs8792
TESAEs68
AEs Leading to Treatment Discontinuation55
Other pre-specifiedRandomization Phase: Change From Baseline in the f-SARA Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants

The f-SARA was a 4-item performance based scale: 1-gait, 2-stance, 3-sitting, 4-speech disturbance (0:normal (no impairment), 1:mildly impaired function, but no assistance required, 2:moderately impaired function, but needs assistance for certain parts of task, 3: severely impaired function to degree that assistance is needed for all parts of the task, 4:unable to perform function). Total score was derived as sum of individual items; ranged from 0 to 16. Higher score indicated worst outcome. A negative change in score shows improvement.

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline; Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in the f-SARA Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in the f-SARA Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants-0.03 ± 0.200.53 ± 0.19
Other pre-specifiedRandomization Phase: Change From Baseline in PIFAS Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants

PIFAS was a 17-item instrument designed to assess the level of functional disability. The scale is rater administered and the items were selected to encompass domains of relevance to SCA (i.e., mobility, speech/swallowing, and fatigue), and to capture function and activities of daily living within these domains. Statements are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "0" reflecting "not at all" to "4" reflecting "very much." The total score is derived as the sum of the individual items, ranged between 0 to 68. Higher score indicated a worst outcome. A negative change in score showed improvement.

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline, Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in PIFAS Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in PIFAS Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants0.56 ± 1.652.96 ± 1.67
Other pre-specifiedRandomization Phase: Change From Baseline in FARS-ADL Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants

FARS was a scale consisting of combined timed measures of performance, FUNC (0-6, higher score indicated worst outcome), ADL with paramount neurologic examination (0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome), FARSn (0-125, higher score indicated worst outcome). Total score was sum of these 3 subscales: 0-167, higher score indicated worst outcome. For this outcome measure, only FARS-ADL sub-scale was evaluated. It was multicomponent scale designed to assess neurological domains affected in Friedreich's Ataxia, another hereditary cerebellar ataxia disorder. This subscale had been validated in Friedreich's ataxia, was a measure of functional disability, and correlated with SARA total scores. It assessed 9 areas of ADL with response categories rated on 5-point scale with "0" reflecting "normal" and "4" reflecting inability to perform specific function. Total score was derived as sum of individual items, ranging 0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome. FARS-ADL was rater administered.

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline, Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in FARS-ADL Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in FARS-ADL Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants0.918 ± 0.5231.130 ± 0.506
Other pre-specifiedRandomization Phase: Change From Baseline in FARS-FUNC Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants

FARS was a scale consisting of combined timed measures of performance, FUNC (0-6, higher score indicated worst outcome), ADL with paramount neurologic examination (0-36, higher score indicated worst outcome), FARSn (0-125, higher score indicated worst outcome). The total score was a sum of these 3 subscales; 0-167, higher score indicated worst outcome. For this outcome measure, only the FARS-FUNC sub-scale was evaluated. FARS-FUNC was a subscale of the FARS designed to provide functional staging for ataxia in which clinicians were asked to assess function on a 6-stage staging system, with "0" reflecting "normal" and "6" reflecting a stage in participant was "total disabled".

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline, Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in FARS-FUNC Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
Randomization Phase: Change From Baseline in FARS-FUNC Total Score at Week 48 in SCA3 Participants0.216 ± 0.0790.328 ± 0.077
Other pre-specifiedChange From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Global Improvement Scale (CGI-I) in SCA3 Participants

The CGI-I was a 7-point scale that required the clinician to assess how much the participant's illness had improved or worsened relative to the baseline visit and it was rated on a 7 point scale: 1= "Very much improved", 2= "Much improved", 3= "Minimally improved", 4= "No change", 5= "Minimally worse", 6= "Much worse" and 7= "Very much worse". Higher scores indicated greater impairment.

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline; Week 48
Reported as:
Least squares mean · score on a scale
Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Global Improvement Scale (CGI-I) in SCA3 Participants
score on a scaleTroriluzolePlacebo
Change From Baseline in Clinical Global Impression - Global Improvement Scale (CGI-I) in SCA3 Participants4.14 ± 0.174.68 ± 0.17
Other pre-specifiedFalls Events in Troriluzole Compared to Placebo for All SCA Participants

An AE of Fall was recorded if there was a worsening of frequency of falls or if a fall was associated with an injury.

Time frame:
Randomization Baseline, Week 48
Reported as:
Number · Number of events
Falls Events in Troriluzole Compared to Placebo for All SCA Participants
Number of eventsTroriluzolePlacebo
Falls Events in Troriluzole Compared to Placebo for All SCA Participants2042

Adverse events

Collected over For Adverse events (AEs): From first dose of study drug up to Week 48 plus 30 days (maximum duration: 52 weeks) For All-cause mortality: From randomization up to Week 48 plus 30 days (maximum duration: 52 weeks). Non-serious events are listed at a 5% frequency threshold.

Adverse event summary by group
GroupDeathsSeriousOther
Troriluzole1/109 (0.9%)6/108 (5.6%)54/108 (50%)
Placebo1/109 (0.9%)8/109 (7.3%)58/109 (53.2%)
Most frequent serious events
Showing 10 of 21
Most frequent serious events
EventTroriluzolePlacebo
Urinary tract infectionInfections and infestations0/1082/109
Suicide attemptPsychiatric disorders0/1082/109
FallInjury, poisoning and procedural complications1/1080/109
Humerus fractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications1/1080/109
Pulmonary contusionInjury, poisoning and procedural complications1/1080/109
Rib fractureInjury, poisoning and procedural complications1/1080/109
Human chorionic gonadotropin positiveInvestigations1/1080/109
Liver function test increasedInvestigations1/1080/109
COVID-19Infections and infestations1/1080/109
PneumatosisGeneral disorders1/1080/109
Most frequent other events
Showing 10 of 11
Most frequent other events
EventTroriluzolePlacebo
FallInjury, poisoning and procedural complications13/10824/109
HeadacheNervous system disorders13/1088/109
DizzinessNervous system disorders9/10811/109
FatigueGeneral disorders10/1089/109
Muscle SpasmsMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders6/1089/109
ContusionInjury, poisoning and procedural complications7/1087/109
NauseaGastrointestinal disorders7/1081/109
Upper Respiratory Tract InfectionInfections and infestations5/1087/109
Urinary Tract InfectionInfections and infestations5/1087/109
ArthralgiaMusculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders4/1087/109

Baseline characteristics

Treated analysis set (TAS): The treated analysis set included all randomized/enrolled participants who received at least one dose of study medication (blinded or open label troriluzole, or blinded placebo).

Age, Continuous
Age, Continuous(years)TroriluzolePlaceboTotal
Mean47.7 ± 13.1647.6 ± 12.4847.6 ± 12.79
Sex: Female, Male
Sex: Female, Male(Participants)TroriluzolePlaceboTotal
Female5056106
Male5853111
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)(Participants)TroriluzolePlaceboTotal
Hispanic or Latino131124
Not Hispanic or Latino9598193
Unknown or Not Reported000
Race (NIH/OMB)
Race (NIH/OMB)(Participants)TroriluzolePlaceboTotal
American Indian or Alaska Native101
Asian192140
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander000
Black or African American121426
White7474148
More than one race202
Unknown or Not Reported000
Number of Participants with Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) Genotype
Number of Participants with Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) Genotype(participants)TroriluzolePlaceboTotal
SCA1151126
SCA2323567
SCA3444589
SCA66612
SCA75510
SCA8325
SCA10358
08

Study locations

23 sites
09

References and documents

Publications

  • Potashman MH, Popoff E, Powell LC, Beiner MW, Mackenzie A, Coric V, Subramony S, Synofzik M, Schmahmann J, L'Italien G. Measurement Properties of the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale in Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia. Neurol Ther. 2025 Apr;14(2):527-545. doi: 10.1007/s40120-024-00708-4. Epub 2025 Jan 13. PubMed 39806095 ↗
  • L'Italien GJ, Oikonomou EK, Khera R, Potashman MH, Beiner MW, Maclaine GDH, Schmahmann JD, Perlman S, Coric V. Video-Based Kinematic Analysis of Movement Quality in a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of Troriluzole in Adults with Spinocerebellar Ataxia: A Post Hoc Analysis. Neurol Ther. 2024 Aug;13(4):1287-1301. doi: 10.1007/s40120-024-00625-6. Epub 2024 May 30. PubMed 38814532 ↗
  • Schmahmann JD, Pierce S, MacMore J, L'Italien GJ. Development and Validation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Ataxia. Mov Disord. 2021 Oct;36(10):2367-2377. doi: 10.1002/mds.28670. Epub 2021 Jun 11. PubMed 34115419 ↗

Study documents

PDFs hosted by the registry, ClinicalTrials.gov.

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

10

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Mar 2019 to primary completion in Feb 2022, 35 months.

Results were first posted in Feb 2025, 2 years 11 months after primary completion. A results delay was requested in Jan 2023.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Oct 5, 2018
First posted
Oct 10, 2018
StartActual
Mar 8, 2019
Primary completionActual
Feb 18, 2022
CompletionEst.
Aug 2026
Results delay requested
Jan 18, 2023
Results first posted
Feb 10, 2025
Last update
Jun 24, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jun 24, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
11

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT03701399
Lead sponsor
Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 10, 2018
Start date
Mar 8, 2019
Primary completion
Feb 18, 2022
Completion
Aug 2026 (estimated)
Results posted
Feb 10, 2025
Last update
Jun 24, 2026

Oversight

FDA-regulated drug
Yes
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is active, not recruiting, as verified in Jun 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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Discussion

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Studies of the drug tested here: Troriluzole

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