An observational study in Pneumonia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), sponsored by Chung Shan Medical University. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Taiwan. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-16.
Sponsored by Chung Shan Medical University · Observational
This retrospective observational target-trial emulation uses electronic health record data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network to compare preadmission glucose-lowering treatment strategies in adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia. Time zero is the date of the index pneumonia admission. The study compares patients with evidence of prescriptions for both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and an SGLT2 inhibitor in the year before admission with patients prescribed a GLP-1 receptor agonist alone, an SGLT2 inhibitor alone, or usual care. Usual care includes metformin, sulfonylureas, or DPP-4 inhibitors without either study class. The primary outcome is a composite of all-cause death, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy within 30 days of admission, with the individual components and 12-month mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, and major adverse kidney events also evaluated. Propensity-score methods are used to reduce bias from nonrandom treatment selection.
2,044 studies on the registry are indexed under Pneumonia; 283 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 71,775 is above the median of 203 across 688 observational studies indexed under Pneumonia.
Browse Pneumonia studies →Chung Shan Medical University is the lead sponsor of 124 studies on the registry; 26 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Adults will be selected from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network, a distributed database of de-identified electronic health records contributed by participating healthcare organizations across multiple clinical systems and practice settings. The study population consists of adults with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized with pneumonia and received routine clinical care in this network, identified through diagnosis records, laboratory data, encounter records, and medication prescribing data. Comparator-specific cohorts were defined within this source population according to glucose-lowering prescriptions recorded in the year before the index admission, to evaluate preadmission GLP-1 receptor agonist- and SGLT2 inhibitor-based treatment strategies.
Exclusion Criteria:
Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had prescriptions for both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and an SGLT2 inhibitor in the year before admission.
Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and no prescription for an SGLT2 inhibitor, in the year before admission.
Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for an SGLT2 inhibitor, and no prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist, in the year before admission.
Adults with type 2 diabetes hospitalized with pneumonia who had a prescription for metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a DPP-4 inhibitor, and no prescription for a GLP-1 receptor agonist or an SGLT2 inhibitor, in the year before admission.
Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, or renal replacement therapy)
Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
All-cause mortality
Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Invasive mechanical ventilation
Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Renal replacement therapy
Time frame: Within 30 days after the index pneumonia admission
Composite outcome (all-cause mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events, or major adverse kidney events)
Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
All-cause mortality
Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Major adverse cardiovascular events
Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Major adverse kidney events
Time frame: Through 12 months after the index pneumonia admission
Plan to share: No — Individual participant data will not be shared. This retrospective observational study uses de-identified electronic health record data from the TriNetX US Collaborative Network. Access to individual-level data is restricted by data use agreements, institutional policies, and privacy protections. Researchers who meet eligibility requirements may obtain access to similar de-identified data through a TriNetX license or through participating institutions.
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Jul 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Chung Shan Medical University