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RecruitingNCT07680842Updated Jul 2, 2026

Non-Invasive Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound Stimulation for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

An interventional study of Target optimization using LIFU and Serial LIFU stimulation in Drug-Resistant Epilepsy, Epilepsy and Epilepsy (Treatment Refractory), sponsored by University of California, San Francisco. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 21 Years to 65 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-02.

Sponsored by University of California, San Francisco · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 10 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Jul 2025, registered Jun 2026).
  • Started Jul 2025; still recruiting 1 year 4 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
21 Years to 65 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of a non-invasive, low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) stimulation on seizure frequency and the epileptogenic network in drug-resistant epilepsy. LIFU uses focused sound waves to modulate deep brain regions and to enable changes in brain network activity. Encephalography (EEG) and behavioral tasks will also be used to study how LIFU affects brain activity.

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Conditions studied

  • Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
  • Epilepsy
  • Epilepsy (Treatment Refractory)
  • Epilepsy Comorbidities
  • Epilepsy, Drug Resistant
  • Epilepsy, Generalized
  • Epilepsy, Focal

Keywords

  • Seizures
  • Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
  • Epilepsy
  • Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation
  • Focused ultrasound Stimulation
  • Electroencephalography (EEG)
  • Low Intensity Focused ultrasound (LIFU)
03

In context

Drug Resistant Epilepsy

257 studies on the registry are indexed under Drug Resistant Epilepsy; 108 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 40 is above the median of 30 across 202 interventional studies indexed under Drug Resistant Epilepsy.

Browse Drug Resistant Epilepsy studies →

Lead sponsor

University of California, San Francisco is the lead sponsor of 2,169 studies on the registry; 372 are open to participants now.

Of its 267 completed or terminated interventional studies of FDA-regulated products, 202 (76%) have results posted.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years to 65 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Male or female between 21 and 65 years of age at screening
  • Clinical diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy with on average, 4 or more seizures per month.
  • Able to provide (or assent when applicable) by the subject or subject's legal representative.
  • Be willing to undergo a brain MRI.
  • Be able and willing to wear a headband during the treatment duration.
  • Be able to complete scheduled visits and daily seizure logs.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria

  • Has a craniotomy or pathologic intracranial lesion (e.g. vascular malformations) in the trajectory of the focused ultrasound beam.
  • Pregnant, breastfeeding, is attempting pregnancy, or unwilling to practice during participation in the study.
  • Presence of a condition or abnormality that in the opinion of the Investigator would compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the data.
  • Has any unstable medical or psychiatric disease.
  • Any for completing a brain MRI scan.
  • Has evidence of any other neurological disorder at the time of screening, including Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(4)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Contraindication

A reason a treatment, test or procedure should not be given to a particular person, such as an allergy, another illness or a medicine they take.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Single group
Masking
Triple (Participant, Care provider, Investigator)
Enrollment
40 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Target optimization using LIFU

    Participants in this single experimental group will undergo a series of LIFU sessions to determine optimal clinical response. Each participant will receive active LIFU stimulation of up to three personalized brain targets. The study utilizes a within-subject, sham-controlled design where participants receive both active LIFU and sham (placebo) stimulation across different sessions to compare physiological and clinical responses.

    Device: Target optimization using LIFU

  • Active comparator
    Serial LIFU stimulation

    If an optimal target is identified, patients will undergo serial stimulation of the optimal target.

    Device: Serial LIFU stimulation

Interventions

  • DeviceTarget optimization using LIFU

    LIFU will be administered using the ATTN201 wearable device by Attune Neurosciences Inc. Positioning is guided by an offline MRI scan, enabling non-invasive targeting of the LIFU beams directly to deep brain structures. Targeting will be determined based on the epileptogenic network.

    Also known as: Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU)

  • DeviceSerial LIFU stimulation

    Serial LIFU will again be administered using the ATTN201 wearable device by Attune Neurosciences Inc. Serial stimulation target selection will be based on the initial target optimization outcome, including the assessment of physiology and clinical treatment response.

    Also known as: Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU)

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Seizure Frequency

    Seizure counts will be obtained from a seizure diary kept by each participant.

    Time frame: Seizure counts will be obtained daily for at least 1 month prior to the first study visit, throughout the study which averages around 4 months, and monitored for up to 2 months after the final visit.

Secondary outcomes

  1. LIFU induced network change based on fMRI and/or electrophysiology

    Baseline and post-serial stimulation fMRI and scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) will be obtained and compared. To measure brain activity, individuals will undergo a 1-hour scalp EEG recording with sensors placed in a standard 10-20 montage array. Patients will be instructed to rest quietly and attempt sleep during this routine EEG. EEG outcome measures will include interictal epileptiform discharge frequency and spectral power changes in the delta to gamma frequency bands pre versus post stimulation.

    Time frame: Obtained at the baseline visit and the final day of serial stimulation, which averages around 4 months.

  2. Cognitive battery

    A cognitive battery will be performed before and following stimulation and will span elements of working memory, inhibition, and planning. The cognitive battery will constitute the N-back (working memory), flanker (inhibition), dimensional set-shifting (set-shifting), and visuospatial memory assessments (working spatial memory).

    Time frame: The cognitive battery will be performed at baseline visit, as well as at the beginning and end of routine study visits; the duration averages around a 4 month period.

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • University of California, San Francisco
    San Francisco, California 94107, United States
    Recruiting
    • Joline M Fan, MD, MS · Principal investigator
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Fan JM, Woodworth K, Murphy KR, Hinkley L, Cohen JL, Yoshimura J, Choi I, Tremblay-McGaw AG, Mergenthaler J, Good CH, Pellionisz PA, Lee AM, Di Ianni T, Sugrue LP, Krystal AD. Thalamic transcranial ultrasound stimulation in treatment resistant depression. Brain Stimul. 2024 Sep-Oct;17(5):1001-1004. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.08.006. Epub 2024 Aug 22. No abstract available. PubMed 39173737 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared with outside researchers at this time to ensure the protection of participant privacy and to maintain strict compliance with the University of California San Francisco IRB approved protocol.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jul 2, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07680842
Collaborators
Attune Neurosciences Inc
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Jul 2, 2026
Start date
Jul 9, 2025
Primary completion
Jun 1, 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Jun 1, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 2, 2026

Study contacts

Study Coordinator
Contact
lifu.research@ucsf.edu
4155087069
Joline M Fan, MD, MS
principal investigator · University of California, San Francisco

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
Yes
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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