An interventional study of EMS Back-Up Program in Ergonomics, Occupational Injuries and EMS Exposures or Injuries of EMS Personnel, sponsored by Taipei Medical University WanFang Hospital. Recruiting at 1 site in Taiwan. Open to participants aged 20 Years to 65 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-03-30.
Sponsored by Taipei Medical University WanFang Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
Effect of the "EMS Back-Up" Ergonomic Program on Paramedics' Manual Handling Safety.
Taipei Medical University WanFang Hospital is the lead sponsor of 201 studies on the registry; 20 are open to participants now.
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Exclusion Criteria:
Behavioral: EMS Back-Up Program
A multi-modal training session including: 1. Theoretical lectures on biomechanics and ergonomics. 2. Skill-based workshop (SAFE process). 3. High-fidelity simulation of patient extrication and manual handling.
Total Score on the Standardized Manual Handling Checklist
Technical proficiency is measured using the 9-item Standardized Manual Handling Checklist v3.0. Each item is scored on a 3-point scale (0 = not achieved, 1 = partially achieved, 2 = fully achieved). The total score is calculated by summing the scores of all 9 items, resulting in a range from 0 to 18. A higher total score indicates a higher level of technical proficiency and safer manual patient handling performance.
Time frame: Baseline (Pre-test) and Immediate Post-intervention (within 8 hours).
Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Borg CR10 Scale (0-10), assessing the subjective physical effort during task execution.
Time frame: Baseline and Immediate Post-intervention.
Score on the EMS Ergonomics and Safety Knowledge Test
Theoretical knowledge is assessed via a 12-item multiple-choice and true/false questionnaire focusing on biomechanics, injury prevention, and the SAFE handling process. Each correct answer is awarded 1 point. The total score ranges from 0 to 12. A higher score represents a greater understanding of occupational safety and ergonomic principles related to patient handling.
Time frame: Baseline and Immediate Post-intervention.
Mean Score of Transtheoretical Model (TTM) Stages of Change
Readiness for behavioral change is assessed using a 5-point scale corresponding to the TTM stages: 1 = Pre-contemplation, 2 = Contemplation, 3 = Preparation, 4 = Action, and 5 = Maintenance. The result is reported as the mean stage score across 5 specific behavioral items (C1-C5). The score ranges from 1 to 5, where a higher numerical value indicates a more advanced stage of readiness for adopting safe manual handling behaviors.
Time frame: Baseline and Immediate Post-intervention.
Mean Score of Health Belief Model (HBM) Self-Efficacy Construct
Perceived self-efficacy is measured using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) based on two specific items (D10, D11) regarding the ability to perform and lead safe handling techniques. The outcome is the mean of these items, ranging from 1 to 5. A higher score reflects a higher level of confidence in performing safe manual handling tasks.
Time frame: Baseline and Immediate Post-intervention.
Plan to share: Undecided
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Occupational Injuries
Taipei Medical University WanFang Hospital →