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RecruitingNCT07473648Updated Jul 17, 2026

Multimodal Clinical Study of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Magnetic Seizure Therapy

An interventional study of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Magnetic Seizure Therapy in Electroconvulsive Therapy, Major Depressive Disorder and Magnetic Seizure Therapy, sponsored by The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Recruiting at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 12 Years to 80 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-07-17.

Sponsored by The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Health services research

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
200
Allocation
Non-randomized
Ages
12 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

To compare the efficacy and tolerability of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

02

Conditions studied

  • Electroconvulsive Therapy
  • Major Depressive Disorder
  • Magnetic Seizure Therapy

Keywords

  • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
  • Magnetic Seizure Therapy(MST)
  • Major Depressive Disorder(MDD)
  • Electroencephalography(EEG)
  • Resting-state Functional MRI (fMRI)
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
12 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Inclusion criteria

  • Aged 12-80 years;
  • Diagnosis confirmed by two psychiatrists per DSM-5;
  • Stable medication regimen pre-enrollment;
  • Indicated for neuromodulation OR with visual field defects.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Major systemic diseases;
  • Prior neuromodulation within 3 months;
  • Pregnancy or potential pregnancy;
  • Metal implants or claustrophobia.
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Health services research
Allocation
Non-randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
200 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Group

    Participants with Major Depressive Disorder(MDD) receive active Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) according to the study protocol, in addition to their ongoing standardized pharmacotherapy. This group assesses the efficacy and cognitive effects of ECT.

    Device: Electroconvulsive Therapy

  • Experimental
    Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST) Group

    Participants with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) receive active Magnetic Seizure Therapy (MST) according to the study protocol, in addition to their ongoing standardized pharmacotherapy. This group assesses the efficacy and cognitive effects of MST, allowing for comparison with ECT.

    Device: Magnetic Seizure Therapy

Interventions

  • DeviceElectroconvulsive Therapy

    Electroconvulsive therapy will be administered two to four times a week according to a standardized protocol. Stimulation parameters (including intensity, target location, session number, and duration) will be individualized for each participant based on prior research to ensure targeted and safe delivery within established safety limits. Treatment will continue until the participant meets the protocol-defined response criteria or completes a maximum of 10 sessions.

  • DeviceMagnetic Seizure Therapy

    Magnetic seizure therapy will be administered two to four times a week according to a standardized protocol. Stimulation parameters (including intensity, target location, session number, and duration) will be individualized for each participant based on prior research to ensure targeted and safe delivery within established safety limits. Treatment will continue until the participant meets the protocol-defined response criteria or completes a maximum of 10 sessions.

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Total Score.

    The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale is a clinician-administered scale used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms. The 17-item version (HAMD-17) is most common. Each item is rated on a 3- or 5-point scale. The total score ranges from 0 to 52, with a higher score indicating more severe depression. The primary endpoint is the change in total score from baseline.

    Time frame: Baseline, immediately after each treatment session during the intervention period, and 6 months after the end of intervention.

  2. Change in heart rate variability (HRV) parameters derived from electrocardiogram (ECG).

    ECG recordings will be analyzed to assess changes in heart rate variability (HRV) as a potential biomarker of autonomic nervous system function in response to treatment. Key parameters include the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN).

    Time frame: Baseline, immediately after each treatment session during the intervention period, and 6 months after the end of intervention.

  3. Change in Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale Total Score.

    The HAMA is a 14-item clinician-rated scale assessing anxiety severity. Total score ranges from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating worse anxiety. The change from baseline to the end of treatment will be the primary measure of clinical efficacy.

    Time frame: Baseline, immediately after each treatment session during the intervention period, and 6 months after the end of intervention.

  4. Change in the Overall Composite Score of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery.

    The MCCB is a standardized, performance-based cognitive battery used to assess global cognitive functioning. The primary measure is the change in the Overall Composite T-score (derived from 10 tests across 7 domains), with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance. Assessments are administered by trained personnel.

    Time frame: Baseline and after the completion of the last session (an average of 2 weeks).

Secondary outcomes

  1. Change in resting-state brain activity in specific brain regions.

    This will be assessed by measuring changes in functional connectivity (FC) OR the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) within specific brain regions.

    Time frame: Baseline and after the completion of the last session (an average of 2 weeks).

06

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Anhui Medical University
    Hefei, Anhui, China
    Recruiting
07

References and documents

Publications

  • Hirano J, Takamiya A, Yamagata B, Hotta S, Miyasaka Y, Pu S, Iwanami A, Uchida H, Mimura M. Frontal and temporal cortical functional recovery after electroconvulsive therapy for depression: A longitudinal functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. J Psychiatr Res. 2017 Aug;91:26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.02.018. Epub 2017 Feb 22. PubMed 28292650 ↗
  • Downey D, Brigadoi S, Trevithick L, Elliott R, Elwell C, McAllister-Williams RH, Anderson IM. Frontal haemodynamic responses in depression and the effect of electroconvulsive therapy. J Psychopharmacol. 2019 Aug;33(8):1003-1014. doi: 10.1177/0269881119858313. Epub 2019 Jun 25. PubMed 31237182 ↗
  • Chhoa KH, Chiang SK, Ong KY, Yong CK, Ng BZ, Othman SZ, McIntyre RS, Choi J, Cha J, Ho RC, Chee KY. Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamic Among Patients With Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder Receiving Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Task-Related Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. J ECT. 2026 Mar 1;42(1):11-18. doi: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000001110. Epub 2025 Jan 24. PubMed 39853313 ↗
  • Wang W, Lu Y, Mi GL, Li XJ, Zhang DN, Qi SF. Cognitive preservation advantage and efficacy balance of magnetic seizure therapy in adolescent Major Depressive Disorder: a randomized controlled trial revealing efficacy cognition decoupling phenomenon. Riv Psichiatr. 2025 Sep-Oct;60(5):196-201. doi: 10.1708/4583.45901. PubMed 41070420 ↗
  • Lisanby SH, Luber B, Schlaepfer TE, Sackeim HA. Safety and feasibility of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) in major depression: randomized within-subject comparison with electroconvulsive therapy. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Oct;28(10):1852-65. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300229. PubMed 12865903 ↗
  • Jiang J, Zhang C, Li C, Chen Z, Cao X, Wang H, Li W, Wang J. Magnetic seizure therapy for treatment-resistant depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jun 16;6(6):CD013528. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013528.pub2. PubMed 34131914 ↗
  • Deng ZD, Luber B, McClintock SM, Weiner RD, Husain MM, Lisanby SH. Clinical Outcomes of Magnetic Seizure Therapy vs Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depressive Episode: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2024 Mar 1;81(3):240-249. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4599. PubMed 38055283 ↗
  • GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2024 May 18;403(10440):2133-2161. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00757-8. Epub 2024 Apr 17. PubMed 38642570 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — Individual participant data will not be shared with other researchers due to patient privacy protection and the limitations of the informed consent form.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07473648
Lead sponsor
The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University
Responsible party
Yanghua Tian (Vice President of Anhui Medical University, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 16, 2026
Start date
Sep 1, 2025
Primary completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Jan 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Jul 17, 2026

Study contacts

Yanghua Tian PhD
Contact
zylykd@163.com
0551 6599 7278

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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