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RecruitingNCT07473609FEA25Updated Sep 18, 2026

Failing Epidural Analgesia During Labor

An observational study in Failed Epidural Analgesia and Post-partum Recovery, sponsored by Nicolas Brogly. Recruiting at 2 sites in Spain. Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-18.

Sponsored by Nicolas Brogly · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jan 2026; still recruiting 10 months later.
Study type
Observational
Model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
500
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

This prospective multicenter observational study is being conducted at the Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital and the La Paz University Hospital in Madrid, Spain. The recruitment period began on January 12, 2026, and will continue until February 12, 2027. Patients over 18 years of age requesting epidural analgesia for labor are included. Exclusion criteria are: age under 18; stillbirth; continuous spinal anesthesia; refusal to participate in the study. The primary objective of the study is to calculate the incidence of epidural analgesia failure during labor. Secondary objectives are: identification of potential risk factors for epidural analgesia failure; failure of epidural anesthesia for emergency cesarean birth; maternal postpartum recovery at 24 and 48 hours using the Spanish-validated version of ObsQoR-10 questionnaire.

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Conditions studied

  • Failed Epidural Analgesia
  • Post-partum Recovery

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Keywords

  • Labor analgesia
  • intrapartum cesarean delivery
  • failed epidural analgesia
  • breakthrough pain
  • epidural catheter re-siting
  • ObsQoR-10
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In context

Breakthrough Pain

34 studies on the registry are indexed under Breakthrough Pain; 4 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 500 is above the median of 125 across 10 observational studies indexed under Breakthrough Pain.

Browse Breakthrough Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Nicolas Brogly is the lead sponsor of 2 studies on the registry; 2 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No
Sampling method
Probability sample

Study population

Cohort of consecutive consenting patients admitted in the labor ward for delivery of two tertiary university hospitals in Madrid-Spain for a period of 1 month, which each center chooses throughout 2026.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Parturient who requests epidural analgesia for labor

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age under 18 years
  • Stillbirth
  • Continuous spinal anesthesia
  • Refusal to participate
05

Study design

Observational model
Cohort
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
500 participants (estimated)
Target follow-up
2 Days
Patient registry
Yes

Groups and cohorts

  • Labor Epidural Analgesia

    Inclusion criteria: all consecutive patients in labor who request epidural analgesia for labor analgesia in the period of recruitment. Exclusion criteria: parturient age under 18 years; stillbirth; continuous spinal anesthesia; refusal to participate

    Other: No Intervention: Observational Cohort

Interventions

  • OtherNo Intervention: Observational Cohort

    No intervention: observational study

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What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Failed epidural analgesia during labor

    Persistence of pain 20 minutes after one top-up bolus of local anesthetic administered by the anesthesiologist, in a previously working epidural analgesia.

    Time frame: All duration of labour (from admission to labour ward until delivery) in patients with an initial adequate pain relief after epidural analgesia initiation.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Failed onset of epidural block

    Absence or insufficient epidural block in level and/or density in the first 30 minutes after the administration of the induction bolus.

    Time frame: An incomplete or inefficient block 30 minutes after initiation of epidural analgesia will be considered as a failed onset.

  2. Failed conversion of epidural analgesia to anesthesia for intrapartum cesarean birth

    Requirement for a new regional block, intravenous supplementation or general anesthesia for an intrapartum cesarean birth in a patient with labor epidural analgesia.

    Time frame: In subpopulation of patients with an intrapartum cesarean delivery, failed conversion will be considered for any requirement for intravenous supplementation or general anaesthesia during caesarean delivery.

  3. Maternal recovery until 48h postpartum

    Measurement of maternal recovery at 24 and 48 hours postpartum using the Spanish-validated version of 10-Items Obstetric Quality of Recovery scoring tool (ObsQoR-10). This 0-100 points score includes: * 4 items concerning postpartum side effects, rated from 0 to 10, with higher scores corresponding to lower intensity of side effects, * 6 items concerning postpartum recovery variables, rated from 0 to 10, with higher scores corresponding to better postpartum recovery.

    Time frame: On postpartum day 1 (24h after delivery) and day 2 (48h after delivery), during post-partum anaesthesia visit, the participants will answer the 10-Items Obstetric Quality of Recovery scoring tool (ObsQoR-10).

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Study locations

1 of 2 sites recruiting
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References and documents

Publications

  • Russell I. Technique of anaesthesia for caesarean section. In: Colvin J, editor. Raising the Standard: A Compendium of Audit Recipes for Continuous Quality Improvement in Anaesthesia. 2nd ed. London: RCA; 2006. p. 166-7.
  • Hermanides J, Hollmann MW, Stevens MF, Lirk P. Failed epidural: causes and management. Br J Anaesth. 2012 Aug;109(2):144-54. doi: 10.1093/bja/aes214. Epub 2012 Jun 26. PubMed 22735301 ↗
  • Ministerio de Sanidad. Atención perinatal en España: Análisis de los recursos físicos, humanos, actividad y calidad de los servicios hospitalarios, 2010-2018 [Publicación en Internet]. Madrid. Ministerio de Sanidad, 2021.
  • WFSA recommendations: Declaration on Labour Analgesia: A Call for Global Access to Pain Relief During Childbirth; 2025. https://wfsahq.org/our-work/advocacy/campaigns/labour-analgesia-campaign/
  • Braithwaite J, Herkes J, Ludlow K, Testa L, Lamprell G. Association between organisational and workplace cultures, and patient outcomes: systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017 Nov 8;7(11):e017708. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017708. PubMed 29122796 ↗
  • Guevara J, Sanchez C, Organista-Montano J, Domingue BW, Guo N, Sultan P. Development and validation of a Spanish version of the Obstetric Quality of Recovery-10 item score (ObsQoR-10-Spanish). BJA Open. 2024 Mar 21;10:100269. doi: 10.1016/j.bjao.2024.100269. eCollection 2024 Jun. PubMed 38560622 ↗
  • Sultan P, George R, Weiniger CF, El-Boghdadly K, Pandal P, Carvalho B; CRADLE Study Investigators. Expert Consensus Regarding Core Outcomes for Enhanced Recovery after Cesarean Delivery Studies: A Delphi Study. Anesthesiology. 2022 Aug 1;137(2):201-211. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004263. PubMed 35511169 ↗
  • Handelzalts JE, Levy S, Krissi H, Peled Y. Epidural analgesia associations with depression, PTSD, and bonding at 2 months postpartum. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2022 Dec;43(4):488-494. doi: 10.1080/0167482X.2022.2081146. Epub 2022 Jun 28. PubMed 35762178 ↗
  • Ghanbari-Homaie S, Jenani SP, Faraji-Gavgani L, Hosenzadeh P, Rezaei M. Association between epidural analgesia and postpartum psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2024 Mar 8;10(6):e27717. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27717. eCollection 2024 Mar 30. PubMed 38524559 ↗
  • Hernandez-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Almagro J, Molina-Alarcon M, Infante-Torres N, Rubio-Alvarez A, Martinez-Galiano JM. Perinatal factors related to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms 1-5 years following birth. Women Birth. 2020 Mar;33(2):e129-e135. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2019.03.008. Epub 2019 Apr 4. PubMed 30954482 ↗
  • Hernandez-Martinez A, Rodriguez-Almagro J, Molina-Alarcon M, Infante-Torres N, Donate Manzanares M, Martinez-Galiano JM. Postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder: Associated perinatal factors and quality of life. J Affect Disord. 2019 Apr 15;249:143-150. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.042. Epub 2019 Feb 10. PubMed 30772741 ↗
  • Gastaldon C, Solmi M, Correll CU, Barbui C, Schoretsanitis G. Risk factors of postpartum depression and depressive symptoms: umbrella review of current evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Br J Psychiatry. 2022 Oct;221(4):591-602. doi: 10.1192/bjp.2021.222. PubMed 35081993 ↗
  • Orbach-Zinger S, Heesen M, Grigoriadis S, Heesen P, Halpern S. A systematic review of the association between postpartum depression and neuraxial labor analgesia. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2021 Feb;45:142-149. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.10.004. Epub 2020 Oct 17. PubMed 33221120 ↗
  • Li B, Tang X, Wang T. Neuraxial analgesia during labor and postpartum depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Feb 22;102(8):e33039. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033039. PubMed 36827052 ↗
  • Mo J, Ning Z, Wang X, Lv F, Feng J, Pan L. Association between perinatal pain and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2022 Sep 1;312:92-99. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.010. Epub 2022 Jun 15. PubMed 35716784 ↗
  • Stav MY, Fein S, Matatov Y, Hoffman D, Heesen P, Binyamin Y, Iluz-Freundlich D, Eidelman L, Orbach-Zinger S. Conversion to general anesthesia and intravenous supplementation during intrapartum cesarean delivery with an indwelling epidural catheter: a retrospective study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2025 Nov 5;50(11):873-878. doi: 10.1136/rapm-2024-105388. PubMed 39004441 ↗
  • Grap SM, Patel GR, Huang J, Vaida SJ. Risk factors for labor epidural conversion failure requiring general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Jan-Mar;38(1):118-123. doi: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_192_20. Epub 2021 Oct 13. PubMed 35706622 ↗
  • Brogly N, Valbuena Gomez I, Afshari A, Ekelund K, Kranke P, Weiniger CF, Lucas N, Dewandre PY, Guasch Arevalo E, Ioscovich A, Kollmann A, Lindelof K, Orbach-Zinger S, Reis S, van den Bosch O, Van de Velde M, Romero CS. ESAIC focused guidelines for the management of the failing epidural during labour epidural analgesia. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2025 Feb 1;42(2):96-112. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000002108. Epub 2025 Jan 2. PubMed 39744744 ↗
  • Berger AA, Jordan J, Li Y, Kowalczyk JJ, Hess PE. Epidural catheter replacement rates with dural puncture epidural labor analgesia compared with epidural analgesia without dural puncture: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022 Nov;52:103590. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2022.103590. Epub 2022 Aug 2. PubMed 36030558 ↗
  • Wang L, Huang J, Chang X, Xia F. Effects of different neuraxial analgesia modalities on the need for physician interventions in labour: A network meta-analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2024 Jun 1;41(6):411-420. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000001986. Epub 2024 Mar 28. PubMed 38546832 ↗
  • Tan HS, Zeng Y, Qi Y, Sultana R, Tan CW, Sia AT, Sng BL, Siddiqui FJ. Automated mandatory bolus versus basal infusion for maintenance of epidural analgesia in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 5;6(6):CD011344. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011344.pub3. PubMed 37276327 ↗
  • Tan HS, Liu N, Tan CW, Sia ATH, Sng BL. Developing the BreakThrough Pain Risk Score: an interpretable machine-learning-based risk score to predict breakthrough pain with labour epidural analgesia. Can J Anaesth. 2022 Oct;69(10):1315-1317. doi: 10.1007/s12630-022-02294-1. Epub 2022 Aug 5. No abstract available. PubMed 35931944 ↗
  • Tan HS, Liu N, Sultana R, Han NR, Tan CW, Zhang J, Sia ATH, Sng BL. Prediction of breakthrough pain during labour neuraxial analgesia: comparison of machine learning and multivariable regression approaches. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2021 Feb;45:99-110. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2020.08.010. Epub 2020 Aug 25. PubMed 33121883 ↗
  • Guasch E, Iannuccelli F, Brogly N, Gilsanz F. Failed epidural for labor: what now? Minerva Anestesiol. 2017 Nov;83(11):1207-1213. doi: 10.23736/S0375-9393.17.12082-1. Epub 2017 Jun 12. PubMed 28607343 ↗
  • Bucstain C, Garmi G, Zafran N, Zuarez-Easton S, Carmeli J, Salim R. Risk factors and peripartum outcomes of failed epidural: a prospective cohort study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017 May;295(5):1119-1125. doi: 10.1007/s00404-017-4337-5. Epub 2017 Mar 10. PubMed 28283828 ↗
  • Rajagopalan S, Shah K, Guffey D, Tran C, Suresh M, Wali A. Predictors of difficult epidural placement in pregnant women: A trainees' perspective. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Oct-Dec;35(4):548-552. doi: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_340_18. PubMed 31920244 ↗
  • Agaram R, Douglas MJ, McTaggart RA, Gunka V. Inadequate pain relief with labor epidurals: a multivariate analysis of associated factors. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009 Jan;18(1):10-4. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2007.10.008. Epub 2008 Nov 28. PubMed 19046867 ↗
  • Thangamuthu A, Russell IF, Purva M. Epidural failure rate using a standardised definition. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2013 Nov;22(4):310-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2013.04.013. Epub 2013 Aug 6. PubMed 23932551 ↗
  • Ezeonu PO, Anozie OB, Onu FA, Esike CU, Mamah JE, Lawani LO, Onoh RC, Ndukwe EO, Ewah RL, Anozie RO. Perceptions and practice of epidural analgesia among women attending antenatal clinic in FETHA. Int J Womens Health. 2017 Dec 12;9:905-911. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S144953. eCollection 2017. PubMed 29276414 ↗
  • Sisman Y, Ekelund K, Strandbygaard J. [Failed epidural analgesia during birth]. Ugeskr Laeger. 2019 Apr 15;181(16):V09180650. Danish. PubMed 31036152 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — This was not considered in the design of the research.

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Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reached

Ran from Jan 2026 to primary completion in Jul 2026, 6 months.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Feb 24, 2026
First posted
Mar 16, 2026
StartActual
Jan 12, 2026
Primary completionActual
Jul 31, 2026
CompletionEst.
Feb 12, 2027
Last update
Sep 18, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Sep 18, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
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Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07473609
Lead sponsor
Nicolas Brogly
Responsible party
Nicolas Brogly (Coordinator of failing epidural Investigation, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Mar 16, 2026
Start date
Jan 12, 2026
Primary completion
Jul 31, 2026
Completion
Feb 12, 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 18, 2026

Study contacts

Nicolas Brogly, MD, PhD
Contact
nicolas.brogly@salud.madrid.org
+34 663676820
Francisco Galván-Román, MD
Contact
franciscojesus.galvan@salud.madrid.org
+34 691246504

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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