An interventional study of restrictive fluid infusion and preload in Anesthesia and Surgery, sponsored by Zhihong LU. Not yet recruiting. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-02-27.
Sponsored by Zhihong LU · Not applicable, Interventional, and Prevention
During hepatectomy, surgeons often prefer to restrict fluid intake, believing that this can lower central venous pressure (CVP) and reduce intraoperative blood loss. However, fluid restriction may lead to inadequate perfusion of vital organs and even contribute to postoperative organ dysfunction, such as acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of restrictive versus liberal fluid therapy on major complications following hepatectomy.
1,691 studies on the registry are indexed under Acute Kidney Injury; 395 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 90 is close to the median of 100 across 817 interventional studies indexed under Acute Kidney Injury.
Browse Acute Kidney Injury studies →Zhihong LU is the lead sponsor of 17 studies on the registry; 7 are open to participants now.
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Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.
Exclusion Criteria:
Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
The anaesthetists’ scale of health before surgery: I is healthy, II has a mild illness that is under control, III a severe one, IV a severe illness that is a constant threat to life. V and VI are used for the critically ill and for organ donors.
A score of how well the liver works in people with liver disease such as cirrhosis: class A is mild, B moderate and C severe.
ASA physical status
The anaesthetists’ scale of health before surgery: I is healthy, II has a mild illness that is under control, III a severe one, IV a severe illness that is a constant threat to life. V and VI are used for the critically ill and for organ donors.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Child-Pugh class
A score of how well the liver works in people with liver disease such as cirrhosis: class A is mild, B moderate and C severe.
Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.
Other: restrictive fluid infusion
Other: restrictive fluid infusion · Other: preload
Other: restrictive fluid infusion · Other: preload · Other: nitro
Fluid infusion is restricted at 2 ml·kg- 1·h- 1 from the moment the patient arrive in the operating room to immediately after the liver lesions are removed
6 ml·kg- 1·h- 1 of hydroxyethyl starch solution is infused before anesthesia
Nitroglycerin is infused from start of anesthesia to immediately after the liver lesions are removed.The starting infusion rates of nitroglycerin is 0.5 μg·kg- 1·min- 1 . If the speed of administration requires adjustment, nitroglycerin is added or decreased by 0.1 μg·kg- 1·min- 1.
incidence of acute kidney injury
Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) was diagnosed and staged according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury (2012). AKI was defined as the presence of any of the following criteria within 7 days after surgery: an increase in serum creatinine by ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (≥ 26.5 μmol/L) within 48 hours; an increase in serum creatinine to ≥ 1.5 times baseline, which is known or presumed to have occurred within the prior 7 days; or urine volume \< 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6 consecutive hours. Baseline serum creatinine was defined as the most recent preoperative value available within 3 months prior to surgery.
Time frame: from end of surgery to 7 days after surgery
Severity of acute kidney injury
AKI severity was further classified into three stages: stage 1 was defined as serum creatinine 1.5-1.9 times baseline or an increase of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL (≥ 26.5 μmol/L), or urine output \< 0.5 mL/kg/h for 6-12 hours; stage 2 as serum creatinine 2.0-2.9 times baseline, or urine output \< 0.5 mL/kg/h for ≥ 12 hours; and stage 3 as serum creatinine 3.0 times baseline, or an increase in serum creatinine to ≥ 4.0 mg/dL (≥ 353.6 μmol/L), or initiation of renal replacement therapy, or urine output \< 0.3 mL/kg/h for ≥ 24 hours, or anuria for ≥ 12 hours
Time frame: from end of surgery to discharge from hospital, at an average of 7 days
number of patients with post-hepatectomy liver failure
Time frame: from end of surgery to discharge from hospital, at an average of 7 days
number of patients with major cardiac complications
heart failure, myocardial ischemia and new on-set arrythmia
Time frame: from end of surgery to discharge from hospital, at an average of 7 days
volume of blood loss
The method for calculating blood loss is the volume in the suction canister plus the estimated amount of blood on the gauze
Time frame: from start of surgery to end of surgery, at an average of 3 hours
numerical rating scale of surgeon's satisfaction to the surgical field
0 is extremely unsatisfied, 10 is extremely satisfied
Time frame: at the end of the surgery
control of central venous pressure during resection
0, uncontrolled central venous pressure (CVP), defined as the target CVP of \< 5 cmH₂O was achieved for at least 75% of the resection period; 1, defined as the target CVP of \< 5 cmH₂O was achieved for 50% -75% of the resection period; 1, defined as the target CVP of \< 5 cmH₂O was achieved for less than 50% of the resection period
Time frame: from start of resection to end of removal of the liver lesions ,at an average of 2 hours
dose of norepinephrine
Time frame: from start of surgery to end of surgery, at an average of 3 hours
frequency of hypotension
hypotension is defined as mean arterial pressure less than 60 mmHg
Time frame: from start of surgery to end of surgery, at an average of 3 hours
arterial lactate level
Time frame: upon completion of surgery，that is, end of incision suture，at an average of 3 hours after anesthesia induction
arterial lactate level
Time frame: When the liver lesions are removed，at an average of 2 hours after anesthesia induction
surgical field bleeding score
0=no bleeding; 1=minor bleeding, no aspiration required; 2=minor bleeding, aspiration required; 3 = minor bleeding, frequent aspiration required ; 4 = moderate bleeding, visible only aspiration; 5 = severe bleeding, frequent aspiration required, very hard to perform surgery
Time frame: at the end of the surgery, ，at an average of 3 hours after anesthesia induction
No study locations are listed for this record.
Plan to share: Yes — The de-identified data will be available with reasonable request to Dr. Zhihong Lu at deerlu23@163.com after Publication
Supporting information: Study protocol
Time frame: after publication
Access criteria: with reasonable request to Dr. Zhihong Lu at deerlu23@163.com
This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Feb 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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