Amblyopia Treatment for Children Aged 8 to 12 Years

Amblyopia (lazy eye) is a developmental vision disorder in which the brain doesn't efficiently process images from one eye and which over time causes decreased vision in that eye. Early detection and early treatment, by age 7 years, are effective in reducing the burden of amblyopia. There is evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that 73-90% of amblyopic children in this age range treated with glasses and patching, the most commonly prescribed treatments for amblyopia, have improvements in visual acuity. More recently, binocular amblyopia treatments show similar effectiveness to patching in children \<7 years old. Yet, full recovery of normal visual acuity occurs in only 30-40% of children regardless of treatment approach; most amblyopic children have residual amblyopia post-treatment at age 8-12 years, when there is little or no benefit of additional or other standard-of care treatments. It is important investigate novel treatments for amblyopia in older children because the vision deficits in persistent residual amblyopia also have associated knock-on effects, including slow reading and impaired motor skills in natural binocular viewing conditions, diminished self-perception and reduced quality of life. Failure to detect and remediate amblyopia during childhood typically results in lifelong deficits and doubles the lifelong risk of visual impairment in the fellow eye.

To address this need, we will conduct a pilot study to investigate whether the novel Curesight™ is effective in treating amblyopia in older children aged 8 to 12 years. CureSight™ is an eye-tracking based system designed to treat amblyopia under dichoptic conditions that incorporates eye-tracking and separation of streamed visual stimuli presented on a tablet into 2 separate digital channels, one for each eye . The treatment task consists of passively watching streamed video content presented by the system according to the child's personal preference from the web links approved by the parents. The main components of the system include : (1) a an 11.6-inch tablet for viewing the videos (2) an eye tracker bar placed below the tablet that tracks each eye's gaze position, (3) anaglyph (red-cyan) glasses worn while watching videos to separate stimuli presented to each eye and (4) proprietary software that uses the eye-tracking data to blur the central vision area of the visual stimuli presented to the fellow eye to encourage the brain to use the sharp, high resolution information from the amblyopic eye's center of vision. The diameter and magnitude of the blur are adjusted automatically during treatment according to the visual of each eye, as measured at follow-up visits, entered on the CureSight™ cloud portal (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and General Data Protection Regulation compliant). Worse amblyopic eye visual acuity and larger differences in visual acuity between eyes result in more blur and greater diameter of blur. The Curesight™ device received Food and Drug Administration clearance (identifier, K221375; September 29, 2022; uploaded with this IRB application), indicated for improvement in visual acuity and stereo acuity in amblyopia patients, aged 4 - \<9 years, associated with anisometropia and/or with mild strabismus. This approval was based on data from a pilot study and a multi-center randomized clinical trial conducted with children aged 4 to 8 years.25,26 However, very few children older than age 7 years were included so the effectiveness of Curesight™ treatment for children aged 8 to 12 is unknown. Our pilot study will evaluate response to the Curesight™ treatment in this older age range.