ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT07191288VR_Stress_25Updated Nov 3, 2026

Assessing the Acute Effects of Virtual Reality Interventions on Stress

An interventional study of VR (VR-Breathing+Mystical) and VR (VR-Mystical) in Slow Breathing, sponsored by Prof. Dominique de Quervain, MD. Recruiting at 1 site in Switzerland. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 35 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-11-03.

Sponsored by Prof. Dominique de Quervain, MD · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Mar 2026; still recruiting 8 months later.
Updated Nov 3, 2026Primary completion movedStudy completion movedGo to Updates ↓
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
120
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 35 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

A Four-Arm RCT, testing the acute effects of a Virtual Reality (VR)- based slow-paced breathing intervention on subjective and physiological markers of stress. The investigator hypothesize that combining slow breathing with immersive, mystical-type VR elements will result in the greatest stress reduction.

02

Conditions studied

  • Slow Breathing

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Keywords

  • Virtual Reality
  • Stress
  • Breathing
  • Biofeedback
03

In context

Hypoventilation

96 studies on the registry are indexed under Hypoventilation; 21 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 120 is above the median of 52 across 63 interventional studies indexed under Hypoventilation.

Browse Hypoventilation studies →

Lead sponsor

Prof. Dominique de Quervain, MD is the lead sponsor of 20 studies on the registry; 1 is open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 35 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • > 60 points on the PSQ-30 out of a maximum 120-point scale in the screening
  • Healthy
  • Aged between 18-35
  • Fluent in German

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • A current diagnosis of psychiatric disorders (self-reported)
  • Chronic medication use (except oral )
  • Parallel participation in another medical or psychological study
  • Suicidal tendencies (PHQ-9 item 9 > 0)3
  • PHQ-9 score ≥ 10
  • A visual impairment not corrected by glasses or contact lenses
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
120 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    VR-Breathing+Mystical

    Participants engage in guided slow-paced breathing using VR that provides mystical-type visual feedback.

    Device: VR (VR-Breathing+Mystical)

  • Experimental
    VR-Mystical

    Participants passively view the same nature scene as in the first condition (VR-Breathing+Mystical), but without guided breathing instructions (i.e., they breathe naturally).

    Device: VR (VR-Mystical)

  • Experimental
    Non-VR-Breathing

    Participants follow a slow-paced breathing pattern guided by a simple visual cue (expanding/contracting circle) on a standard computer screen.

    Device: Computer (Non-VR-Breathing)

  • Sham comparator
    VR-Control

    To control for the effects of experiencing VR, participants will watch a neutral documentary in a video player implemented in VR.

    Drug: VR (VR-Control)

Interventions

  • DeviceVR (VR-Breathing+Mystical)

    The VR-based slow-paced breathing application is designed to provide rewarding biofeedback for a specific breathing pattern characterized by prolonged exhales. As users extend their exhales, a veil of fog gradually lifts, introducing a mystical type experience. Over time, users are rewarded with a full 360-degree panoramic view of the beautiful nature scene, accompanied by relaxing music. After approximately 5 minutes of prolonged exhales, the nature scene responds to the user's breathing by slowing down, with falling snowflakes moving more slowly, further enhancing the mystical atmosphere. This intervention was designed to be visually captivating, mystically evocative, and emotionally engaging. Duration: 10 minutes.

  • DeviceVR (VR-Mystical)

    Users will experience the gradual unveiling of a beautiful natural landscape as the fog lifts, and eventually, the scene slows down similar to the VR Breathing+Mystical condition. However, this application does not provide any biofeedback or breathing instructions. Users are invited to passively observe the unfolding experience, immersing themselves in the environment for 10 minutes. Relaxing music accompanies the scene. This condition relies solely on the immersive and aesthetic qualities of the virtual environment to potentially induce relaxation.

  • DeviceComputer (Non-VR-Breathing)

    In this conventional breathing intervention, participants will be instructed to follow a slow-paced breathing pattern guided by a simple visual cue (an expanding and contracting circle) displayed on a computer screen for 10 minutes. This condition is designed to guide slow-paced breathing without incorporating any rewarding elements.

  • DrugVR (VR-Control)

    In the control condition, participants will watch a neutral documentary for 10 minutes in VR. This condition is used to control for the effects of the immersive VR experience. It does not include any components related to guided breathing or mystical-type content, or any form of rewarding elements.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Subjective stress

    Subjective stress measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) on a computer

    Time frame: Assessed before and after the 10-minute interventions.

Secondary outcomes

  1. Mood

    Mood measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) on a computer.

    Time frame: Assessed before and after the 10-minute interventions.

  2. Anxiety

    Anxiety measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) on a computer.

    Time frame: Assessed before and after the 10-minute interventions.

  3. Relaxation

    Relaxation measured using visual analogue scales (VAS) on a computer.

    Time frame: Assessed before and after the 10-minute interventions.

  4. Electrodermal Activity

    Physiological responses measured via Electrodermal Activity.

    Time frame: Assessed during the 10-minute interventions.

  5. Respiration

    Physiological responses measured via Piezoelectric Sensor (detecting variations in abdominal movement during respiration).

    Time frame: Assessed during the 10-minute interventions.

  6. Blood volume pulse

    Blood volume pulse measured via Photoplethysmography.

    Time frame: Assessed during the 10-minute interventions.

  7. Heart rate (variability)

    Heart rate outcomes (e.g., HR, HRV) measured via Electrocardiogram.

    Time frame: Assessed during the 10-minute interventions.

  8. Perceived mysticality

    Perceived mysticality assessed using the Mystical Experience Questionnaire-30 questionnaire.

    Time frame: Assessed after the 10-minute interventions.

  9. User experience

    Average user experience measured via visual analogue scales (VAS) on a computer.

    Time frame: Assessed after the 10-minute interventions.

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All IPD (de-identified) that underline results in a publication will be shared upon reasonable request.

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan

Time frame: IPD will be available after publication, study protocol (including statistical analysis plan) will be made available before start of the study.

Access criteria: All IPD (de-identified) that underline results in a publication will be shared upon reasonable request for scientific purposes. A reasonable request consists of a short description of the scientific purpose. Request will be reviewed by the team of the principal investigator.

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

1 registry update since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedDate before it movedWhere the date was before it movedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Mar 2026 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2026, 9 months after the start.

Of 35 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Hypoventilation, half reached primary completion within 15 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 26. This study's planned 9 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 35 studies reached it within 15 months; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 26.

Since we started tracking on Sep 25, 2026, the dates moved once, on Nov 3, 2026: primary completion Jun 2026 → Dec 2026 and completion Jun 2026 → Dec 2026.

Earlier changes are on the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Sep 17, 2025
First posted
Sep 24, 2025
StartActual
Mar 5, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Dec 31, 2026was Jun 2026
CompletionEst.
Dec 31, 2026was Jun 2026
Last update
Nov 3, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
Primary completion
Jun 30, 2026→Dec 31, 2026
Nov 3, 2026
Study completion
Jun 30, 2026→Dec 31, 2026
Nov 3, 2026
Show all 1 update
  1. Nov 3, 2026
    Primary completion Jun 30, 2026→Dec 31, 2026
    Study completion Jun 30, 2026→Dec 31, 2026
    + 2 other changes: identifiers and verification date

From the registry record's own update history. This site started tracking changes on Sep 25, 2026; for anything earlier, see the record history on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07191288
Lead sponsor
Prof. Dominique de Quervain, MD
Responsible party
Prof. Dominique de Quervain, MD (Director Division Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel) — Sponsor-investigator
First posted
Sep 24, 2025
Start date
Mar 5, 2026
Primary completion
Dec 31, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 31, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 3, 2026

Study contacts

Fabian Mueller, Msc
Contact
fabi.mueller@unibas.ch
+41612070272
Dominique de Quervain, Prof. MD
study chair · University of Basel, Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neuroscience

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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