An observational study in MACE, Cardiac Death and Unplanned Repeat Revascularization, sponsored by Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital. Enrolling by invitation at 1 site in China. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-29.
Sponsored by Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital · Observational
The goal of this observational study is to observe the characteristics of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters in patients across different cardiovascular diseases and to evaluate the predictive value of multiparameter cardiopulmonary indices for 5-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
To investigate the CPET characteristics in patients with various cardiovascular diseases (including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, and perioperative cardiac surgery), with annual follow-up of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) for five years, and to establish the predictive value of combined CPET parameters for MACE in this population
China CardioVascular Disease Patient and healthy control group
Exclusion Criteria:
cardiovascular disease patient with MACE（Cardiac death, unplanned revascularization, cardiac readmission, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and stroke）
Characteristics of CPET parameters across different cardiovascular diseases.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed using exercise cardiopulmonary testing systems from VYAIRE (Germany) and SCHILLER (Switzerland). A symptom-limited maximal exercise test with a 1-minute ramp incremental protocol (Ramp protocol) was adopted, designed to complete the workload test within 8-12 minutes according to the incremental power calculation formula. The incremental workload was calculated as follows: Unloaded VO₂ (ml/min) per minute = 150 + (6 × body weight) Predicted peak VO₂max (ml/min) per minute for males = (height in cm - age in years) × 20 Predicted peak VO₂max (ml/min) per minute for females = (height in cm - age in years) × 14 Incremental power per minute = (predicted peak VO₂max - unloaded VO₂)/100 During exercise, real-time cardiopulmonary parameters were collected, including peak oxygen uptake (VO₂peak), anaerobic threshold (AT), maximal cycling workload, respiratory rate, minute ventilation (VE), and ventilatory efficiency, among others.
Time frame: After enrollment
Incidence of 5-year MACE
MACE (cardiovascular death, unplanned repeat revascularization, cardiac rehospitalization, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke)
Time frame: from enrollment to 5 years post-enrollment
Incidence of individual events of MACE per year (incidence of cardiac death, unplanned rereconstitution, cardiac rehospitalization, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke)
Time frame: yearly for 5 years (Year 1/2/3/4/5 from enrollment)
Incidence rate of adverse events during exercise
Time frame: During each exercise session and within 24 hours after exercise
Plan to share: No
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Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital