ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT07039773SHAKEUpdated Apr 17, 2026

Gluten Challenge in Celiac Disease - Which Formulation of Gluten Gives the Best Response?

An interventional study of Vital wheat gluten and Vital wheat gluten in Celiac Disease, sponsored by Oslo University Hospital. Recruiting at 2 sites in Norway. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 80 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-04-17.

Sponsored by Oslo University Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Aug 2025; still recruiting 1 year 3 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
30
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years to 80 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the immune response to gluten in patients with celiac disease (CeD) by comparing different forms of gluten administration. The participant population includes adults diagnosed with CeD, who are adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • Does liquid gluten administration elicit a higher IL-2 cytokine response compared to solid gluten administration?
  • What is the relationship between serum IL-2 levels and gluten peptide serum concentrations following gluten challenges?

Researchers will compare the responses of two groups: participants receiving liquid gluten (shake) to those receiving solid gluten (cookie) to determine if there is a significant difference in the IL-2 response rates between the two forms.

Participants will be asked to:

  • Undergo two gluten challenges (liquid and solid) in a randomized order with at least 4 weeks apart.
  • Provide blood samples before and after each challenge to measure serum IL-2 levels and gluten peptide concentrations over a period of 6 hours.
  • Report any symptoms experienced following each gluten challenge.
02

Conditions studied

  • Celiac Disease

Keywords

  • Gluten challenge
  • Interleukin-2
  • Shake
  • Cookie
  • T cells
  • Whole blood cytokine release assay
  • GI Symptoms
03

In context

Celiac Disease

352 studies on the registry are indexed under Celiac Disease; 77 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 30 is below the median of 50 across 214 interventional studies indexed under Celiac Disease.

Browse Celiac Disease studies →

Lead sponsor

Oslo University Hospital is the lead sponsor of 834 studies on the registry; 149 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 80 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • 18-33 kg/m2
  • Willingness to comply with the study procedure and having signed informed, written consent
  • Previous diagnosis of coeliac disease according to established guidelines based on positive serology (Endomysium test, IgA-TG2 and/or IgG-DGP) (diagnosed in childhood) and a duodenal showing villous atrophy graded as Marsh 3 according to guidelines from European Society for Study of Coeliac Disease .
  • Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet at least the 12 last months.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Positive serology (IgA-TG2 below upper level of normal) at screening visit
  • Pregnancy or breast feeding. Fertile women must use effective .
  • Other inflammatory disease like uncontrolled hypothyreosis, type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, thyroid and renal disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases or any other disease that in the opinion of the responsible clinician makes the patient unsuitable for the study
  • Using of / medications
  • Wheat allergy
  • Severe acute infection
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(5)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

Biopsy and archival tissue

A biopsy takes a small piece of tissue to examine. “Archival tissue” is a sample already taken, for example at diagnosis, and kept by the hospital.

Whether a stored sample will do depends on when it was taken, how much there is and what the study needs. Ask whether the study accepts your stored sample or needs a new biopsy.

Contraception

Ways of preventing pregnancy. “Highly effective” methods fail less than 1% of the time a year when used correctly — for example an IUD or an implant.

Criteria usually say which methods count and how long to keep using them after the last dose, sometimes for male participants too. Some studies accept a partner’s vasectomy if it was confirmed successful and that person is the participant’s only sexual partner.

Immunosuppression

A weakened immune system. It can come from an illness, such as HIV or some blood cancers, or from medicines that turn the immune system down, for example after an organ transplant or for an autoimmune disease; steroids at higher doses count.

Read whether the line is about a condition or about medicines, and which medicines and doses it means.

Corticosteroids (steroids)

Anti-inflammatory medicines such as prednisone, prednisolone and dexamethasone — not the anabolic steroids used for muscle.

Studies differ in what they allow: check which steroid medicines, routes (tablets, injections, creams, inhalers, eye drops) and doses this study accepts.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Basic science
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
Single (Participant)
Enrollment
30 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Gluten shake

    Liquid form

    Dietary Supplement: Vital wheat gluten

  • Active comparator
    Gluten cookie

    Solid form

    Dietary Supplement: Vital wheat gluten

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementVital wheat gluten

    Gluten-containing shake vs gluten-containing cookie

  • Dietary supplementVital wheat gluten

    Half of participants will receive gluten-containing shake first, then gluten-containing cookie next, and vice versa

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Comparison of serum IL-2 response rates between the gluten shake group and the cookie group

    A responder is defined as an individual exhibiting a log-transformed cytokine level equal to or greater than 0. This level corresponds to 1.0 pg/ml in concentration of IL-2 in serum. The hypothesis is that there is a higher proportion of responders in the gluten shake group compared to the cookie group.

    Time frame: From baseline to 4 hours at visit 1

Secondary outcomes

  1. Correlation between serum IL-2 response levels and baseline whole blood plasma IL-2

    Time frame: From baseline to 6 hours after gluten intake

  2. Correlation between serum IL-2 response levels and baseline number of gluten-specific T cells

    Time frame: From baseline to 6 hours after gluten intake

  3. Correlation between serum IL-2 response levels and symptom severity

    Time frame: From baseline to 6 hours after gluten intake

  4. Comparison of serum IL-2 response levels and serum gluten peptide levels

    Time frame: From baseline to 6 hours after gluten intake

07

Study locations

2 of 2 sites recruiting
  • Oslo University Hospital
    Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway
    Recruiting
    • Stine R Lund · Contactcoliaki@ous-hf.no · +47 230 72 403
    • Knut E A Lundin, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
    • Louise F Risnes, PhD · Sub investigator
    • Jostein H Ibsen, MD · Sub investigator
  • Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital
    Oslo, Oslo 0456, Norway
    Recruiting
    • Anita Tollisen, PhD · Contactcoliaki@ous-hf.no · +4723225140
    • Jørgen Valeur, MD, PhD · Principal investigator
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Tye-Din JA, Daveson AJM, Goldstein KE, Hand HL, Neff KM, Goel G, Williams LJ, Truitt KE, Anderson RP; RESET CeD Study Group. Patient factors influencing acute gluten reactions and cytokine release in treated coeliac disease. BMC Med. 2020 Nov 26;18(1):362. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01828-y. PubMed 33239013 ↗
  • Goel G, Daveson AJM, Hooi CE, Tye-Din JA, Wang S, Szymczak E, Williams LJ, Dzuris JL, Neff KM, Truitt KE, Anderson RP. Serum cytokines elevated during gluten-mediated cytokine release in coeliac disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2020 Jan;199(1):68-78. doi: 10.1111/cei.13369. Epub 2019 Oct 1. PubMed 31505020 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Undecided

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Aug 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Dec 2026, 16 months after the start.

Of 82 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Celiac Disease, half reached primary completion within 28 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 60. This study's planned 16 months is below that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 87 studies reached it within 27 months; a quarter within 12 and three quarters within 56.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Jun 18, 2025
First posted
Jun 26, 2025
StartActual
Aug 1, 2025
Primary completionEst.
Dec 2026
CompletionEst.
Dec 2026
Last update
Apr 17, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Apr 17, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT07039773
Responsible party
Knut E. A. Lundin (Senior consultant, professor, Oslo University Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Jun 26, 2025
Start date
Aug 1, 2025
Primary completion
Dec 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Apr 17, 2026

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Interested in this study?

Eligibility is decided by the study team. Share this record with your doctor or contact the team directly.

No contact was published for this record. The registry link below has the sponsor’s details.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion