An observational study in Injury;Sports and Athletic Injuries, sponsored by Izmir Democracy University. Recruiting at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to participants aged 18 Days and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-24.
Sponsored by Izmir Democracy University · Observational
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between injury risk and pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. In this context, it will be investigated how the pain and fatigue levels experienced by volleyball players interact with muscle strength and balance and how these factors increase the risk of injury.
Musculoskeletal injuries are highly prevalent among volleyball players and this may be due to the interaction of various physical and subjective factors. Although some risk factors such as muscle strength and balance have been previously investigated, there is limited data on how these parameters together relate to injury risk and athlete health. In this cross-sectional study, standardized tests and self-report questionnaires will be administered to a sample of competitive volleyball players.
258 studies on the registry are indexed under Athletic Injuries; 45 are open to participants now.
This study's planned enrollment of 18 is below the median of 100 across 91 observational studies indexed under Athletic Injuries.
Browse Athletic Injuries studies →Izmir Democracy University is the lead sponsor of 78 studies on the registry; 32 are open to participants now.
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The population of the research consists of elite athletes and the sample of the research consists of elite volleyball players who volunteered to participate in the research. In our research, there is only one research group consisting of elite volleyball players and there are at least 28 volleyball players.
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Exclusion Criteria:
This group will consist of active volleyball players competing at a regional or national level. Participants will undergo one-time assessments including muscle strength, balance, fatigue, pain levels, and quality of life.
Other: Physical evaluations in Volleyball Players
This study will evaluate pain, fatigue, muscle strength, balance and quality of life in volleyball players. All these measurements will be completed in two sessions lasting 45-60 minutes.
Injury risc assessment
The Functional Movement Screening Test will be used to assess injury risc in athletes. Seven exercises are used in this test. Each movement is scored on a scale from 0 to 3, with a maximum total score of 21. As the score from this test increases, the risk of injury decreases.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Pain intensity evaluation
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale, where participants rate their pain intensity from 0 (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain).
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Fatigue assessment
The Perceived Physical and Cognitive Fatigue Scale will be used to assess athletes' physical and cognitive fatigue. The scale has 19 items, scored ranging from 19 to 95. Higher scores indicate increased perceived fatigue levels.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Muscle Strength Measurement
The lower extremity muscle strength of athletes will be assessed using isokinetic test. Each maximal voluntary contraction will involve the athlete contracting as hard and as fast as possible from full extension to full flexion.Higher values indicate better muscle strength.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Hand Grip Strength measurement
Hand grip strength will be assessed using a hand dynamometer. Participants will perform three trials on each hand . The maximum grip strength value for each hand will be analysed.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Respiratory Muscle Strength measurement
Respiratory muscle strength will be evaluated using a spirometer. Athletes will perform maximal inspiration (Müller maneuver) and expiration (Valsalva maneuver) to obtain measurements. The highest value will be used for analysis.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Cough force measurement
Cough force will be assessed using a peak flow meter. The highest value of three attempts will be recorded. The high value obtained indicates good cough strength.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Balance evaluation
Balance will be assessed using the Y-Balance Test, and the average distance reached will be recorded.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Quality of Life (SF-36 or WHOQOL-BREF)
The Short Form-36 (SF-36) will be used to assess quality of life. total score is scored from 0 (poorest health) to 100 (best health), with higher scores indicating better health status.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Plan to share: No
Started May 2025 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for May 2027, 23 months after the start.
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Izmir Democracy University