An interventional study of Resistance Exercise Training and Aerobic Exercise Training in Normal-weight Obesity, sponsored by Oklahoma State University. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to male participants aged 18 Years to 79 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-05-14.
Sponsored by Oklahoma State University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The overall objective of this project is to advance understanding of the causes of normal weight obesity (NWO) in men, namely the hormone profile and related potential mediating mechanisms, and the efficacy of different modes of exercise to restore body composition and cardiometabolic health in this population.
Exclusion Criteria:
12-weeks of progressive and individualized resistance exercise training
Behavioral: Resistance Exercise Training · Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise Training
12-weeks of progressive and individualized aerobic exercise training
Behavioral: Resistance Exercise Training · Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise Training
12-week progressive and individualized resistance exercise training program
12-week progressive and individualized aerobic exercise training program
Fat Mass
Fat mass, measured in kg and as a percentage of total body mass Measured through dual-energy X ray absorptiometry
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Lean mass
Lean mass, measured in kg and as a percentage of total body mass Measured through dual-energy X ray absorptiometry
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Testosterone
Human testosterone, measured in serum via Novus Biologicals Human Testosterone ELISA Kit (Colorimetric). Measured in pg/mL.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Human Growth Hormone
Human Growth Hormone (HGH), measured in serum via R\&D Systems™ Human Growth Hormone Quantikine ELISA Kit Measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Estradiol
Human estradiol, measured in serum via Novus Biologicals Human Estradiol ELISA Kit (Colorimetric); measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
SHBG
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), measured in serum via R\&D Systems™ Human SHBG Quantikine ELISA Kit; measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Luteinizing Hormone
Luteinizing Hormone (LH), measured in serum via Invitrogen™ Luteinizing Hormone Human ELISA Kit; measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), measured in serum via Invitrogen™ Human FSH ELISA Kit; measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Adiponectin
Adiponectin, measured in serum via Invitrogen™ Adiponectin Human ELISA Kit; measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Leptin
Leptin, measured in serum via Invitrogen™ Leptin Human ELISA Kit; measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Aromatase
Aromatase enzyme, measured in serum via Invitrogen™ Human Aromatase ELISA Kit; measured in ng/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Insulin
Insulin, measured in serum via Eagle Biosciences Inc Insulin Ultrasensitive ELISA; measured in mU/L
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
KISS1
Kisspeptin (KISS1), measured in serum via Biomatik Corporation Human Kisspeptin 1 (KISS1) ELISA Kit; measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
GnRH
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), measured in serum via Biomatik Corporation Human Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) ELISA Kit; measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Inflammatory Cytokine Panel
Human High Sensitivity T-Cell 15-Plex Discovery Assay®, conducted by Eve Technologies, that includes GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, MCP-1 and TNFα; measured in pg/mL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Triglycerides
Triglycerides, measured in whole blood via Piccolo Xpress clinical chemistry analyzer with Lipid Panel Plus reagent discs; measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Glucose
Glucose, measured in whole blood via Piccolo Xpress clinical chemistry analyzer with Lipid Panel Plus reagent discs; measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
HDL-C
High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), measured in whole blood via Piccolo Xpress clinical chemistry analyzer with Lipid Panel Plus reagent discs; measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Total Cholesterol
Total Cholesterol, measured in whole blood via Piccolo Xpress clinical chemistry analyzer with Lipid Panel Plus reagent discs; measured in mg/dL
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Visceral Adipose Tissue
Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT), measured in g and g/cm3 via dual-energy X ray absorptiometry
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
ALT
Alanine Transaminase (ALT) liver enzyme, measured in whole blood via Piccolo Xpress clinical chemistry analyzer with Lipid Panel Plus reagent discs; measured in U/L
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
AST
Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), measured in whole blood via Piccolo Xpress clinical chemistry analyzer with Lipid Panel Plus reagent discs; measured in U/L
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Bone Mineral Density
Whole-body Bone Mineral Density (BMD), measured via dual-energy X ray absorptiometry; measured in g/cm3
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Height
Height, measured in inches via portable stadiometer
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment
Body Mass
Body mass, measured in kg via Seca mBCA (medical body composition analyzer) 514
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Waist Circumference
Waist Circumference, measured in inches via standard Gulick tape measure.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Free-living Dietary Intake
Free-Living Dietary Intake, measured via 3-day food record. Participant completes the record for 3 days and returns to the researchers.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Free-living Physical Activity
Free-living Physical Activity, assessed through accelerometry via Actigraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Participant wears the accelerometer for 3 days, then returns it to the researchers.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Aerobic Capacity
Aerobic Capacity, also known as VO2peak, assessed via YMCA submaximal exercise test, completed on a cycle ergometer.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Resting Energy Expenditure
Resting Energy Expenditure (REE), measured via indirect calorimetry. The test is conducted with a Parvo Medics True One 2400 metabolic analysis system with a canopy hood; measured as kcal/day.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Upper-body Muscle Strength
Upper-body Muscle Strength, measured via three-repetition maximum (3RM) bench press; measured in pounds.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Lower-body Muscle Strength
Lower-body Muscle Strength, measured via knee extensor test with a Biodex dynamometer and three-repetition maximum (3RM) leg press exercise; measured as peak torque in Nm and pounds, respectively.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Upper-body Muscle Power
Upper-body Muscle Power, measured via seated medicine ball toss; measured in inches (thrown).
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Lower-body Muscle Power
Lower-body Muscle Power, measured via maximal voluntary contraction of the knee extensors with a Biodex dynamometer; measured as peak torque in Nm.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure, both systolic and diastolic, measured with an automated blood pressure cuff; measured in mmHg.
Time frame: Baseline/enrollment only in control participants; Baseline/enrollment/pre-intervention and post-intervention (12 weeks after baseline testing) in intervention participants
Plan to share: Undecided
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Oklahoma State University