An interventional study of PAPE Protocol and Control Protocol in Resistance Exercise, sponsored by University of Gaziantep. Completed at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Open to male participants aged 18 Years to 30 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-20.
Sponsored by University of Gaziantep · Not applicable, Interventional, and Basic science
This study investigates the acute effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) on the number of repetitions performed to volitional failure and total training volume in resistance-trained men. The research is designed as a randomized crossover trial where participants perform two different exercise protocols under controlled conditions.
The study includes 9 healthy, strength-trained male volunteers aged 18-30 years, with at least one year of resistance training experience. Participants complete two experimental conditions:
PAPE Protocol: A warm-up followed by 3 repetitions at 90% of 1RM, a 10-minute rest, and then 3 sets of half-squat at 75% 1RM until volitional failure.
Control (CON) Protocol: A warm-up followed by 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM, a 4-minute rest, and then 3 sets of half-squat at 75% 1RM until volitional failure.
The primary outcome measures are:
Total training volume (set × reps × weight) Number of repetitions performed The study aims to determine whether PAPE improves total volume and repetition performance in resistance training. The findings could contribute to better training strategies for athletes and fitness professionals.
Ethical approval was obtained from the Gaziantep University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2022/373), and all participants provided informed consent before participation.
This study explores the acute effects of Post-Activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) on repetition performance and training volume during a half-squat exercise in resistance-trained men. PAPE is a physiological phenomenon in which performance is enhanced following a conditioning activity (CA) involving a high-intensity resistance exercise. The study focuses on its effect on resistance training (RT) performance, specifically the number of repetitions performed to volitional failure and the total training volume during a half-squat exercise.
Study Design The study follows a randomized crossover design. Each participant performs both experimental protocols: PAPE and Control (CON) conditions. A random assignment is used to ensure that each participant experiences both conditions in separate sessions, with a 72-hour rest period between them to allow full recovery.
Participants Total number of participants: 9 trained male university students, aged 18-30 years, with at least 1 year of resistance training experience.
Inclusion Criteria:
Male participants aged 18-30 years No musculoskeletal disorders or injuries in the previous 6 months At least 1 year of continuous resistance training, including use of the half-squat exercise
Exclusion Criteria:
Doping or chronic drug use History of neuromuscular, metabolic, hormonal, or cardiovascular diseases Orthopedic limitations Use of supplements (e.g., caffeine) that may interfere with performance Participation in high-intensity training outside of the study protocol Interventions PAPE Protocol: Participants perform a warm-up consisting of 3 repetitions at 90% of 1RM, followed by a 10-minute rest. After the rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of 1RM until volitional failure.
Control (CON) Protocol: Participants perform a warm-up consisting of 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM, followed by a 4-minute rest. After the rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of 1RM until volitional failure.
Outcome Measures
The primary outcomes of this study are:
Total Volume: The total weight lifted, calculated as set × repetitions × load. Repetition Count: The number of repetitions performed until volitional failure in each set.
Procedures Session 1: Anthropometric measurements are taken (e.g., height, weight, body mass index). Participants are familiarized with the half-squat exercise.
Session 2: 1RM (one-repetition maximum) for the half-squat is measured using a Smith machine.
Session 3 \& 4: Participants are randomly assigned to either the PAPE or Control condition. Both protocols are performed on separate days, with 72 hours of rest in between.
Training and Testing Protocol Warm-Up: For PAPE, participants perform 3 repetitions at 90% of their 1RM. For the Control group, 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM are performed.
Rest Periods: A 10-minute rest follows the PAPE warm-up, and a 4-minute rest follows the Control warm-up.
Testing Protocol: After the rest periods, participants perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of 1RM until failure in both conditions.
Ethical Considerations The study protocol has been approved by the Gaziantep University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2022/373). All participants have provided written informed consent before their participation, ensuring their understanding of the study procedures and any potential risks.
Statistical Analysis Data will be analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to compare total volume and repetition counts between the PAPE and Control conditions. Effect sizes will be calculated using Cohen's d for volume and partial eta-squared (ηp2) for repetition count.
Expected Impact This study aims to explore whether the PAPE protocol can significantly improve training outcomes by increasing the total volume and number of repetitions in a resistance training session, specifically in the half-squat exercise. If proven effective, PAPE could be incorporated into training strategies for athletes and fitness professionals aiming to maximize their performance and muscle hypertrophy.
University of Gaziantep is the lead sponsor of 100 studies on the registry; 26 are open to participants now.
Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.
Exclusion Criteria:
Participants in this group will first perform a warm-up consisting of 3 repetitions at 90% of their 1RM. After a 10-minute rest, they will perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure.
Behavioral: PAPE Protocol
Participants in this group will perform a warm-up consisting of 8 repetitions at 50% of their 1RM. After a 4-minute rest, they will perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure.
Behavioral: Control Protocol
In this intervention, participants perform a warm-up consisting of 3 repetitions at 90% of 1RM. After a 10-minute rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure. This protocol is designed to enhance performance through the post-activation potentiation effect.
In this intervention, participants perform a warm-up consisting of 8 repetitions at 50% of 1RM. After a 4-minute rest, they perform 3 sets of half-squats at 75% of their 1RM until volitional failure. This protocol is used as a baseline for comparison with the PAPE protocol.
Total Training Volume (kg)
The total volume lifted during the half-squat exercise. It is calculated as set × repetitions × load for each set across all sets.
Time frame: Immediately after exercise and 30 minutes post-exercise
Number of Repetitions Performed to Volitional Failure
The total number of repetitions performed to the point of volitional failure (when the participant can no longer perform the exercise).
Time frame: Immediately after exercise and 30 minutes post-exercise
Plan to share: Yes — The following Individual Participant Data (IPD) will be shared after the completion of the study: Demographic Information: Age, sex, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) for each participant. Training Data: Duration of resistance training experience and frequency of training per week. 1RM Measurements: One-repetition maximum (1RM) values for the half-squat exercise for each participant. Outcome Measures: Total training volume (set × repetitions × load) during each protocol. Number of repetitions performed to volitional failure during each protocol. Fatigue Data: Self-reported fatigue levels after each set during the study. Protocol Data: Information on the exact sequence of protocols (PAPE vs. Control) that each participant underwent, including rest periods and exercise load. These data will be shared in anonymized form to ensure participant privacy and confidentiality. The data will be made available for future analysis or collaborations that support the study's aims, and will b
Supporting information: Study protocol, Csr
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University of Gaziantep