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RecruitingNCT06704061Updated Jan 29, 2026

Online Yoga vs Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Treating Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain

An interventional study of Yoga and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Chronic Pain and Musculoskeletal Pain, sponsored by Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research. Recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-29.

Sponsored by Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Started Jan 2026; still recruiting 10 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
274
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study will compare online yoga with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), an established treatment for chronic pain. We will compare the efficacy of the two treatments for reducing chronic musculoskeletal pain in veterans.

Read the detailed description

This study will test if online yoga is not inferior than ACT for treating chronic pain in veterans. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either online yoga instruction or ACT, once a week for 12 weeks in an online group class. They will complete self-report questionnaires about their experience of chronic pain. There will be a 6-month follow up period, during which the research team will check in with the participant to record any adverse events and maintain study contact.

02

Conditions studied

  • Chronic Pain
  • Musculoskeletal Pain

Keywords

  • chronic pain
  • veteran
  • musculoskeletal pain
  • yoga
03

In context

Chronic Pain

3,227 studies on the registry are indexed under Chronic Pain; 729 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 274 is above the median of 60 across 2,388 interventional studies indexed under Chronic Pain.

Browse Chronic Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research is the lead sponsor of 53 studies on the registry; 10 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Veteran of the United States Armed Forces ≥ 18 years old
  • Chronic pain > 6 months related to at least one musculoskeletal pain-related diagnosis indicated by an ICD-9 or -10 code
  • Minimum pain intensity at screening ≥4 on a 0-10 using the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS)
  • Not begun new pain treatments or medications in the past month
  • Stable medication regimen for at least 4 weeks prior to entry to the study
  • English literacy
  • Internet connection at home

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participation in another clinical trial, unless given prior authorization from both our research team and that of the other study
  • Back surgery within the last 12 months
  • Back pain potentially attributed to a specific known condition
  • Baseline pain \<4 or ≥9 on a 0-10 Numeric Rating Scale
  • Unstable, serious coexisting medical illness, mental illness or psychiatric conditions
  • Attended or practiced yoga ≥ 1 x in the past 12 months
  • Current suicidal intent or plan
  • Has received ACT in the past
05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Single (Outcomes assessor)
Enrollment
274 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    Online Yoga

    Postures, meditation, breathing exercises

    Behavioral: Yoga

  • Active comparator
    Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

    Behavioral medicine

    Behavioral: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

Interventions

  • BehavioralYoga

    A 12-week online yoga course designed to treat pain.

  • BehavioralAcceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)

    A 12-week behavioral therapy course designed to treat pain.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Pain Interference (Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form)

    The degree to which pain impacts mood, walking and other daily activities, as measured by the Pain Interference Scale of the Brief Pain Inventory - Short Form (BPI-SF). The BPI-SF assesses intensity and impact of pain on functioning on a 0-10 rating scale, with higher scores indicating greater degree of interference.

    Time frame: Baseline, End-of-treatment at 12 weeks, and 6 months after treatment

Secondary outcomes

  1. Depression (BDI-II)

    Symptoms of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The BDI-II is comprised of 21 self-report questions, scored on a 0-3 scale, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptoms.

    Time frame: Baseline, End-of-treatment at 12 weeks, and 6 months after treatment

  2. Sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)

    Sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The PSQI is a a self-rated questionnaire that assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month interval.

    Time frame: Baseline, End-of-treatment at 12 weeks, and 6 months after treatment

07

Study locations

1 of 1 sites recruiting
  • Palo Alto VA Medical Center
    Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
    Recruiting
    • Peter Bayley, PhD · Contactpeter.bayley@va.gov · 650-493-5000
    • Annie Lau, BA · Contactannie.lau2@va.gov · 6503748516
    • Peter Bayley, PhD · Principal investigator
    • Louise Mahoney, MS · Sub investigator
    • Elizabeth Walker, MSPT · Sub investigator
    • Julie Wetherell, PhD · Sub investigator
    • Santiago Allende, PsyD · Sub investigator
    • Dave Clark, MD, PhD · Sub investigator
    • Jessica Lohnberg, PhD · Sub investigator
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — All demographic, clinical observations, and clinical self-reports

Supporting information: Study protocol, Statistical analysis plan, Informed consent form

Time frame: IPD and supporting information will be available at the end of the funding period. The duration of preservation and sharing of the data will be a minimum of 10 years after the funding period.

Access criteria: Data and source materials will be posted on DRYAD, an open-source tool for data publication and digital preservation. DRYAD provides searchable study-level metadata for dataset discovery. Data will be indexed by Google Dataset Search and other tools to enhance discoverability and will be discoverable online through standard web search of the study-level metadata as well as the persistent pointer from the DOI to the dataset.

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Started Jan 2026 (actual). Primary completion is estimated for Nov 2029, 45 months after the start.

Of 1,295 non-industry interventional studies with no phase under Chronic Pain, half reached primary completion within 20 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 39. This study's planned 45 months is above that.

Counting every sponsor, half of 1,378 studies reached it within 20 months; a quarter within 9 and three quarters within 38.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
Nov 20, 2024
First posted
Nov 25, 2024
StartActual
Jan 7, 2026
Primary completionEst.
Nov 1, 2029
CompletionEst.
Nov 1, 2029
Last update
Jan 29, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 29, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06704061
Lead sponsor
Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research
Responsible party
Peter Bayley (Principal Investigator, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 25, 2024
Start date
Jan 7, 2026
Primary completion
Nov 1, 2029 (estimated)
Completion
Nov 1, 2029 (estimated)
Last update
Jan 29, 2026

Study contacts

Peter Bayley, PhD
Contact
peter.bayley@va.gov
650-493-5000 ext. 68653
Peter Bayley, PhD
principal investigator · Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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