ClinicalTrials.gg
Enrolling by invitationNCT06631807Updated Oct 8, 2024

The Impact of the Years of Blindness on Sleep and Dreaming Processes and the Relationships With Spatial Abilities

An observational study in Blindness and Visual Impairment, sponsored by Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia. Enrolling by invitation at 1 site in Italy. Open to participants aged 18 Years to 85 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-10-08.

Sponsored by Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia · Observational

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Oct 2025, 1 year 1 month ago, but the record still lists the study as enrolling by invitation.
Study type
Observational
Model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
40
Ages
18 Years to 85 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study aims to assess the impact of blindness on sleep and dreaming processes and the relationship with spatial perceptual performance, examining the link with clinical and psychological indices, neurobiological features, and electrophysiological measures.

Read the detailed description

BLINDREAM is an observational neuropsychology study purely for scientific purposes, with no diagnostic or therapeutic aims. This study aims to assess the impact of blindness on sleep and dream processes and their relationship with perceptual and spatial memory performance, examining the connection with clinical, psychological/behavioral indices, neurobiological characteristics, and electrophysiological measures. Specifically, the study seeks to test the following hypotheses:

  • Circadian Rhythm Desynchronization: To determine if visual deprivation leads to circadian rhythm desynchronization in both congenitally blind individuals and those with late-onset blindness after many years of visual deprivation. Specifically, whether greater circadian desynchronization is associated with poorer performance in perceptual and spatial memory tasks in blind subjects.
  • Sleep Structure: To investigate if circadian desynchronization affects sleep structure in blind individuals and if it is the sole factor influencing sleep structure. We hypothesize that even blind subjects with a normally modulated circadian rhythm due to the light-dark cycle show significant differences from sighted controls, particularly in terms of sleep microstructure (figures) and macrostructure (stages) involved in sensorimotor processing and spatial information consolidation.
  • Dream Recall and Spatial Abilities: To examine if there is a significant difference in dream recall frequency and specific spatial tasks between the two groups. Specifically, whether a higher presence of visual content in dreams predicts better spatial skills, and whether increased eye movement in dreams correlates with better spatial abilities in blind subjects.

These findings will enable initial assessments that may lead to the development of new tools and rehabilitation protocols for blind individuals.

The study will be conducted in three experimental phases over a total of one week per participant:

  • Phase 1: Sleep and Dream Assessment: This includes two measures-1A. Questionnaires and 1B. Polysomnography.
  • Phase 2: Circadian Assessment: This includes three measures-2A. Actigraphy (worn for one week), 2B. Salivary melatonin analysis, and 2C. Dream diary.
  • Phase 3: Neuropsychological Assessment: This involves evaluating several conditions with two specific configurations-3A. Assessment of spatial perceptual functions and 3B. Assessment of spatial memory.

Each phase involves different sessions: the circadian assessment requires wearing an actigraphic bracelet for a week, during which salivary melatonin will also be measured; the sleep and dream assessment involves wearing a home polysomnograph for one night and completing a verbal dream diary for one week; and the neuropsychological assessment will be conducted in a single session lasting between approximately 30 minutes and 2 hours.

The study will include adult individuals both with and without visual impairments. The visual impairment may be congenital or acquired later in life. Control group participants will be selected to match the experimental group (those with visual impairments) in terms of age and gender. Due to the proof-of-concept nature of the study and the lack of prior estimates of effect sizes, power calculations are not currently possible. The sample size is therefore based on a provisional and conservative estimate of recruitment capacity, informed by previous literature. However, efforts will be made to conduct interim analyses to estimate effect sizes based on the primary outcome and adjust assumptions accordingly. The study currently aims to recruit 20 blind participants and 20 healthy controls.

Therefore, the preliminary data will utilize the Power Analysis method to calculate the minimum sample size required to achieve a correct effect size for a given dimension. The data will be analyzed using both parametric and non-parametric tests, and differences between groups will be assessed with t-tests, ANOVA, TANCOVA, and linear mixed models where appropriate. An appropriate post-hoc test will be conducted if significance is found. The significance level will be considered at p\<0.05. Where necessary, parametric techniques will be replaced by non-parametric equivalents. The standard software used will include: Matlab, R, Origin, Statistica, and SPSS, recognized in the research field. For the analysis of electroencephalographic data, EEGlab and/or Fieldtrip toolboxes will be utilized.

02

Conditions studied

  • Blindness
  • Visual Impairment

Keywords

  • Blindness
  • sleep
  • PSG
  • circadian
  • dream
  • spatial abilities
03

In context

Blindness

144 studies on the registry are indexed under Blindness; 33 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 40 is below the median of 76 across 35 observational studies indexed under Blindness.

Browse Blindness studies →

Lead sponsor

Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia is the lead sponsor of 4 studies on the registry; 4 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

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Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years to 85 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes
Sampling method
Non-probability sample

Study population

The study will include adult individuals both with and without visual impairments. The visual impairment may be congenital or acquired later in life. Control group participants will be selected to match the experimental group (those with visual impairments) in terms of age and gender. Due to the proof-of-concept nature of the study and the lack of prior estimates of effect sizes, power calculations are not currently possible. The sample size is therefore based on a provisional and conservative estimate of recruitment capacity, informed by previous literature. However, efforts will be made to conduct interim analyses to estimate effect sizes based on the primary outcome and adjust assumptions accordingly. The study currently aims to recruit 20 blind participants and 20 healthy controls.

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Signature of the ;
  • The participating subjects may have typical or atypical development (i.e., group with visual disability). In the case of visual impairment, the disability should be congenital (from birth) or late onset. Furthermore, the following requirements must be met: subjects with visual disabilities must be classified according to current diagnostic rules, with visual problems present from birth or occurring later, with residual vision lower than 1.3 LogMAR;
  • Age range required is ≥ 18 years old and ≤ 85 years old;
  • Any Gender;
  • Any ethnicity, as long as a good knowledge of the Italian language.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participant with a disability/condition/comorbidity that prevents participation and/or does not guarantee the safety of the patient during the execution of the tests and/or does not guarantee the quality/reliability of the data:

    • Tactile and/or acoustic (specifically, the tolerance of the equipment will be assessed);
    • Deafness;
    • Taking drugs and neuroactive substances and having taken them in the last six months;
    • Comorbidity with another and uncontrolled pathology;
    • Being affected, to the best of their knowledge, by pathologies of the central nervous system, and having suffered from epileptic episodes, even minor ones, and convulsive crises in general;
    • Being affected, to the best of their knowledge, by cardio-respiratory pathologies that can influence the macro and microstructure of sleep.
  • Lack of signature of consent or incomplete consent to acknowledge the incompatibilities for participation in the study;
  • To the best of their knowledge, IQ values lower than the threshold limit of normality according to one of the recognized international scales.
  • Pregnant women
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(3)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

Clinically significant

Judged by the study doctor to matter for your health or for the study. It is a doctor’s decision, so ask the study team if you are unsure whether something counts.

05

Study design

Observational model
Case-control
Time perspective
Prospective
Enrollment
40 participants (estimated)
Patient registry
No
Biospecimen retention
Samples without dna

Groups and cohorts

  • Blind and severely visually impaired (BSI)

    This group is composed of adults participants (ages of ≥ 18 and ≤ 85 years) with an impairment of the peripheral visual system (i.e., involving pre-chiasmatic structures, such as the retina and optic nerve). The visual deficit can be congenital (from birth) or have a late onset. Participants with visual impairment, classified according to the current diagnostic criteria, must have residual vision lower than 1.0 LogMAR. Participant of any gender and ethnicity are considered, provided they have a good knowledge of the Italian language.

  • Control

    Control group is composed of adult participants (without visual deficits) age and gender matched with the BSI group.

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Sleep macrostructure

    Percentage of sleep stages and spectrogram

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 18 months

  2. Sleep microstructure

    Analysis of sleep spindles

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 18 months

  3. Sleep microstructure

    Analysis of slow waves

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 18 months

  4. Sleep quality - PSQI

    Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The seven component scores are then summed to yield a global PSQI score, which has a range of 0-21; higher scores indicate worse sleep quality.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 months

  5. Sleep Quality - questionnaire to predict N24HSWD

    Pre-Screening questionnaire to predict Non-24-hours sleep-wake disorders. The questionnaire assesses sleep-wake patterns, focusing on irregularities such as difficulty maintaining a regular sleep schedule and daytime dysfunction. It includes a set of eight key questions. The scoring system can yield final values greater than or less than zero: 1. Values greater than zero suggest that the patient should be evaluated for N24HSWD. 2. Values less than zero indicate the need for assessment for other sleep disorders. This tool serves as an initial filter, guiding whether further diagnostic measures, like actigraphy or melatonin rhythm analysis, are necessary

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 months

  6. Sleep quality - MEQ

    Morningness -Eveningness Questionnaire. It is a Self-reported assessment of morningness and eveningness preferences with a 19 multiple choice items (4-5 point numerical scale). The sum gives a score ranging from 16 to 86; scores of 41 and below indicate "evening types", scores of 59 and above indicate "morning types", scores between 42-58 indicate "intermediate types".

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 months

  7. Circadian shift

    Melatonin sample ELISA protocol

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 18 months

  8. Circadian shift

    Actigraphy measures

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 18 months

  9. Spatial perception ability

    Spatial and temporal bisection

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 months

  10. Spatial memory ability

    Audiocorsi

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 months

  11. Dream content evaluation - DRFS

    The Dream Recall Frequency Scale (DRFS) is a useful tool for assessing how often individuals remember their dreams. This scale can help distinguish between high dreamers (those who frequently recall dreams) and low dreamers (those who rarely remember dreams). The scale typically ranges from 0 to 5, where a higher value indicates more frequent recall of dreams.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 months

  12. Dream content evaluation - VDAS

    The Van Dream Anxiety Scale (VDAS) is a tool used to assess the severity of nightmares and dream anxiety. The VDAS consists of a set of items that measure the frequency, intensity, and emotional impact of nightmares, as well as their interference with daily functioning. The scale typically provides a range of scores from 0 to 68, where. Higher scores indicate greater severity of nightmares and dream-related anxiety.

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 months

  13. Dream content evaluation

    Dream Diary

    Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 18 months

07

Study locations

1 site
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Hartley S, Dauvilliers Y, Quera-Salva MA. Circadian Rhythm Disturbances in the Blind. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2018 Aug 6;18(10):65. doi: 10.1007/s11910-018-0876-9. PubMed 30083814 ↗
  • Lockley SW, Skene DJ, Butler LJ, Arendt J. Sleep and activity rhythms are related to circadian phase in the blind. Sleep. 1999 Aug 1;22(5):616-23. doi: 10.1093/sleep/22.5.616. PubMed 10450596 ↗
  • Depner CM, Stothard ER, Wright KP Jr. Metabolic consequences of sleep and circadian disorders. Curr Diab Rep. 2014 Jul;14(7):507. doi: 10.1007/s11892-014-0507-z. PubMed 24816752 ↗
  • Lockley SW, Dijk DJ, Kosti O, Skene DJ, Arendt J. Alertness, mood and performance rhythm disturbances associated with circadian sleep disorders in the blind. J Sleep Res. 2008 Jun;17(2):207-16. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00656.x. PubMed 18482109 ↗
  • Aubin S, Christensen JAE, Jennum P, Nielsen T, Kupers R, Ptito M. Preserved sleep microstructure in blind individuals. Sleep Med. 2018 Feb;42:21-30. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.1135. Epub 2017 Dec 7. PubMed 29458742 ↗
  • Christensen JAE, Aubin S, Nielsen T, Ptito M, Kupers R, Jennum P. Rapid eye movements are reduced in blind individuals. J Sleep Res. 2019 Dec;28(6):e12866. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12866. Epub 2019 Apr 26. PubMed 31025801 ↗
  • Meaidi A, Jennum P, Ptito M, Kupers R. The sensory construction of dreams and nightmare frequency in congenitally blind and late blind individuals. Sleep Med. 2014 May;15(5):586-95. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.12.008. Epub 2014 Feb 18. PubMed 24709309 ↗
  • Chellappa SL, Cajochen C. Ultradian and circadian modulation of dream recall: EEG correlates and age effects. Int J Psychophysiol. 2013 Aug;89(2):165-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.03.006. Epub 2013 Mar 20. PubMed 23524011 ↗
  • Wamsley EJ, Tucker M, Payne JD, Benavides JA, Stickgold R. Dreaming of a learning task is associated with enhanced sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Curr Biol. 2010 May 11;20(9):850-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.027. Epub 2010 Apr 22. PubMed 20417102 ↗
  • Picard-Deland C, Aumont T, Samson-Richer A, Paquette T, Nielsen T. Whole-body procedural learning benefits from targeted memory reactivation in REM sleep and task-related dreaming. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2021 Sep;183:107460. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107460. Epub 2021 May 18. PubMed 34015442 ↗
  • Eichenlaub JB, Bertrand O, Morlet D, Ruby P. Brain reactivity differentiates subjects with high and low dream recall frequencies during both sleep and wakefulness. Cereb Cortex. 2014 May;24(5):1206-15. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhs388. Epub 2013 Jan 2. PubMed 23283685 ↗
  • Borbely AA, Daan S, Wirz-Justice A, Deboer T. The two-process model of sleep regulation: a reappraisal. J Sleep Res. 2016 Apr;25(2):131-43. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12371. Epub 2016 Jan 14. PubMed 26762182 ↗
  • Dirks C, Grunewald D, Young P, Heidbreder A. [Pilot study to investigate sleep disorders in the blind and persons with relevant visual impairment]. Ophthalmologe. 2019 May;116(5):435-440. doi: 10.1007/s00347-018-0723-z. German. PubMed 29789897 ↗
  • Lewy AJ, Newsome DA. Different types of melatonin circadian secretory rhythms in some blind subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Jun;56(6):1103-7. doi: 10.1210/jcem-56-6-1103. PubMed 6841552 ↗
  • De Volder AG, Toyama H, Kimura Y, Kiyosawa M, Nakano H, Vanlierde A, Wanet-Defalque MC, Mishina M, Oda K, Ishiwata K, Senda M. Auditory triggered mental imagery of shape involves visual association areas in early blind humans. Neuroimage. 2001 Jul;14(1 Pt 1):129-39. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0782. PubMed 11525322 ↗
  • Richardson C, Micic G, Cain N, Bartel K, Maddock B, Gradisar M. Cognitive performance in adolescents with Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder: Treatment effects and a comparison with good sleepers. J Adolesc. 2018 Jun;65:72-84. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.002. Epub 2018 Mar 16. PubMed 29555485 ↗
  • Chellappa SL, Morris CJ, Scheer FAJL. Circadian misalignment increases mood vulnerability in simulated shift work. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 29;10(1):18614. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-75245-9. PubMed 33122670 ↗
  • Le Bon O. Relationships between REM and NREM in the NREM-REM sleep cycle: a review on competing concepts. Sleep Med. 2020 Jun;70:6-16. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.004. Epub 2020 Feb 15. PubMed 32179430 ↗
  • Aubin S, Jennum P, Nielsen T, Kupers R, Ptito M. Sleep structure in blindness is influenced by circadian desynchrony. J Sleep Res. 2018 Feb;27(1):120-128. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12548. Epub 2017 Jun 16. PubMed 28621018 ↗
  • Leger D, Guilleminault C, Santos C, Paillard M. Sleep/wake cycles in the dark: sleep recorded by polysomnography in 26 totally blind subjects compared to controls. Clin Neurophysiol. 2002 Oct;113(10):1607-14. doi: 10.1016/s1388-2457(02)00221-3. PubMed 12350437 ↗
  • Hono T, Hiroshige Y, Miyata Y. A case report on EEG nocturnal sleep in visually impaired persons aged in their 30s and 50s. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999 Apr;53(2):145-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.1999.00501.x. PubMed 10459673 ↗
  • Scrofani A, Cioni M, Filetti S, Lanaia F, Pennisi G, Bella R, Grasso A. Changes in sleep spindle activity of subject with chronic somatosensitive and sensorial deficits. Preliminary results. Ital J Neurol Sci. 1996 Dec;17(6):423-8. doi: 10.1007/BF01997717. PubMed 8978449 ↗
  • Kerr NH, Foulkes D, Schmidt M. The structure of laboratory dream reports in blind and sighted subjects. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1982 May;170(5):286-94. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198205000-00006. No abstract available. PubMed 7069416 ↗
  • Bertolo H, Paiva T, Pessoa L, Mestre T, Marques R, Santos R. Visual dream content, graphical representation and EEG alpha activity in congenitally blind subjects. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2003 Feb;15(3):277-84. doi: 10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00199-4. PubMed 12527101 ↗
  • Sabo KT, Kirtley DD. Emotions in the dreams of the blind. Int J Rehabil Res. 1980;3(3):382-5. doi: 10.1097/00004356-198009000-00013. No abstract available. PubMed 7450997 ↗
  • Gori M. Multisensory Integration and Calibration in Children and Adults with and without Sensory and Motor Disabilities. Multisens Res. 2015;28(1-2):71-99. doi: 10.1163/22134808-00002478. PubMed 26152053 ↗
  • Gori M, Sandini G, Burr D. Development of visuo-auditory integration in space and time. Front Integr Neurosci. 2012 Sep 17;6:77. doi: 10.3389/fnint.2012.00077. eCollection 2012. PubMed 23060759 ↗
  • Gori M, Del Viva M, Sandini G, Burr DC. Young children do not integrate visual and haptic form information. Curr Biol. 2008 May 6;18(9):694-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2008.04.036. PubMed 18450446 ↗
  • Gori M, Sandini G, Martinoli C, Burr D. Poor haptic orientation discrimination in nonsighted children may reflect disruption of cross-sensory calibration. Curr Biol. 2010 Feb 9;20(3):223-5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.11.069. Epub 2010 Jan 28. PubMed 20116249 ↗
  • Roder B, Rosler F, Spence C. Early vision impairs tactile perception in the blind. Curr Biol. 2004 Jan 20;14(2):121-4. PubMed 14738733 ↗
  • Zwiers MP, Van Opstal AJ, Cruysberg JR. A spatial hearing deficit in early-blind humans. J Neurosci. 2001 May 1;21(9):RC142: 1-5. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-09-j0002.2001. PubMed 11312316 ↗
  • Cappagli G, Cocchi E, Gori M. Auditory and proprioceptive spatial impairments in blind children and adults. Dev Sci. 2017 May;20(3). doi: 10.1111/desc.12374. Epub 2015 Nov 27. PubMed 26613827 ↗
  • Gori M, Sandini G, Martinoli C, Burr DC. Impairment of auditory spatial localization in congenitally blind human subjects. Brain. 2014 Jan;137(Pt 1):288-93. doi: 10.1093/brain/awt311. Epub 2013 Nov 21. PubMed 24271326 ↗
  • Gori M, Amadeo MB, Campus C. Temporal cues trick the visual and auditory cortices mimicking spatial cues in blind individuals. Hum Brain Mapp. 2020 Jun 1;41(8):2077-2091. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24931. Epub 2020 Feb 12. PubMed 32048380 ↗
  • Amadeo MB, Campus C, Gori M. Years of Blindness Lead to "Visualize" Space Through Time. Front Neurosci. 2020 Aug 4;14:812. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00812. eCollection 2020. PubMed 32848573 ↗
  • Gori M, Amadeo MB, Campus C. Temporal Cues Influence Space Estimations in Visually Impaired Individuals. iScience. 2018 Aug 31;6:319-326. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Aug 1. PubMed 30240622 ↗
  • Setti W, Cuturi LF, Engel I, Picinali L, Gori M. The influence of early visual deprivation on audio-spatial working memory. Neuropsychology. 2022 Jan;36(1):55-63. doi: 10.1037/neu0000776. Epub 2021 Oct 14. PubMed 34647755 ↗
  • Setti W, Cuturi LF, Cocchi E, Gori M. A novel paradigm to study spatial memory skills in blind individuals through the auditory modality. Sci Rep. 2018 Sep 6;8(1):13393. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31588-y. PubMed 30190584 ↗
  • Ruggiero G, Iachini T. The role of vision in the Corsi block-tapping task: evidence from blind and sighted people. Neuropsychology. 2010 Sep;24(5):674-9. doi: 10.1037/a0019594. PubMed 20804256 ↗
  • Vecchi T, Tinti C, Cornoldi C. Spatial memory and integration processes in congenital blindness. Neuroreport. 2004 Dec 22;15(18):2787-90. PubMed 15597055 ↗
  • Aubin S, Gacon C, Jennum P, Ptito M, Kupers R. Altered sleep-wake patterns in blindness: a combined actigraphy and psychometric study. Sleep Med. 2016 Aug;24:100-108. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.07.021. Epub 2016 Aug 31. PubMed 27810175 ↗
  • Flynn-Evans EE, Lockley SW. A Pre-Screening Questionnaire to Predict Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder (N24HSWD) among the Blind. J Clin Sleep Med. 2016 May 15;12(5):703-10. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.5800. PubMed 26951421 ↗
  • Schredl M. Reliability and stability of a dream recall frequency scale. Percept Mot Skills. 2004 Jun;98(3 Pt 2):1422-6. doi: 10.2466/pms.98.3c.1422-1426. PubMed 15291233 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — IPD that underlie results in a publication

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Oct 8, 2024, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06631807
Lead sponsor
Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 8, 2024
Start date
Apr 4, 2024
Primary completion
Oct 4, 2025 (estimated)
Completion
Oct 4, 2025 (estimated)
Last update
Oct 8, 2024

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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