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Enrolling by invitationNCT06565663MaPSUpdated Sep 18, 2026

Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty Surgery Decision Making

An interventional study of MaPS Decision Aid in Gender Dysphoria, Gender Dysphoria, Adult and Gender Incongruence, sponsored by Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. Enrolling by invitation at 2 sites in United States. Open to female participants aged 18 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-18.

Sponsored by Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
140
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
18 Years and older
Sex
Female
01

Study summary

The goal of this clinical trial is to test a new online tool designed to provide clear and understandable information to help individuals considering Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty Surgeries (MaPS) make informed decisions

The main questions it aims to answer are:

  • How user-friendly is the decision aid for individuals considering metoidioplasty and phalloplasty?
  • Does using the decision aid reduce uncertainty and improve readiness for making surgery decisions compared to usual care?

Participants in this study will:

  • Be randomly assigned to either 1) receive usual care or 2) test the web-based decision aid.
  • Share their feedback on the tool's usability and its helpfulness in supporting decision-making.
  • Complete surveys before and after using the decision aid to measure any changes in their decision-making process.

Researchers will compare participants who used the decision aid with those who received standard care to see if the decision aid reduces decisional uncertainty and improves readiness for surgery.

Read the detailed description

This study aims to evaluate the usability, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a novel, web-based decision aid (DA) for Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty Surgeries (MaPS).

MaPS are increasingly performed, however, patients face complex decisions which may impact fertility, urinary and sexual function. Existing decisional uncertainty among individuals considering MaPS highlights the need for effective decision support tools. Prior research indicates a gap in validated decision support, partly due to insufficient understanding of patient needs and a lack of published outcomes or guidelines. This study builds on preliminary work that identified key decision-making factors among patients and healthcare providers, leading to the development of a co-developed web-based MaPS picture DA prototype.

Cognitive interviews with both participants considering or post MaPS and healthcare providers will refine the decision tool. The study will also investigate the DA's implementation within clinical settings to understand optimal administration timing and its impact on shared decision-making processes.

This study will employ a mixed-methods approach and a prospective randomized controlled trial to assess the DA's usability and acceptability using the System Usability Scale and focus group feedback. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the DA's preliminary efficacy in reducing decisional conflict and improving decision readiness and shared decision-making quality compared to usual care. This will be measured using validated tools such as the Decisional Conflict Scale, Preparation for Decision Making Scale, and CollaboRATE measure, alongside semi-structured patient and provider interviews.

This research aims to addressing the decisional needs of transgender and non-binary individuals considering MaPGAS, aiming to empower them with the tools needed for making informed, value-congruent decisions regarding their surgical options.

02

Conditions studied

  • Gender Dysphoria
  • Gender Dysphoria, Adult
  • Gender Incongruence
  • Transgenderism
  • Transsexualism
  • Transgender Persons
  • Phalloplasty

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Keywords

  • Gender-Affirming Surgery
  • Sex Reassignment Surgery
  • Gender Reassignment Surgery
  • Phalloplasty
  • Metoidioplasty
  • Transmasculine
  • FTM
  • Gender Dysphoria
  • Transgender
  • Penile Reconstruction
  • Female-to-Male
  • Neophallus
  • Transsexual
  • Genital Reconstruction
  • Reconstructive Urology
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
18 Years and older
Sexes eligible
Female
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  • Assigned female on the original birth certificate.
  • Self-identifies as transgender male and/or gender non-binary.
  • Able to speak, read, and understand English at a sixth-grade level.
  • Aged 18 or older.
  • Resides in the USA.
  • For decision aid refinement: Considering metoidioplasty or phalloplasty, or is post-operative.
  • For intervention and control arm: Has a consultation scheduled for metoidioplasty or phalloplasty.

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants involved in the initial tool refinement focus groups cannot participate in the intervention or control group to avoid contamination of the study outcomes.
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
140 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    MaPS Decision Aid Intervention

    Participants in this arm will be provided with access to a novel, web-based decision aid designed for individuals considering MaPS. The decision aid includes interactive components, educational materials regarding surgical options, risks, benefits, and patient testimonials. Participants will have unlimited access to the decision aid for four weeks prior to their surgical consultation.

    Behavioral: MaPS Decision Aid

  • No intervention
    MaPS Usual Care

    Participants in this arm will receive the standard pre-consultation care provided by their healthcare provider, which does not include access to the novel decision aid. Standard care may include informational brochures. This group serves to compare the outcomes of traditional decision-making processes with those who use the decision aid.

Interventions

  • BehavioralMaPS Decision Aid

    This intervention involves a novel, web-based decision aid tool specifically designed to support transgender and non-binary individuals assigned female at birth in making informed decisions about Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty Surgeries (MaPS). The tool includes comprehensive information on surgical options, risks, benefits, and medical illustrations to aid in aligning surgical decisions with the individual's personal values and goals.

    Also known as: Metoidioplasty and Phalloplasty Gender Affirming Surgery Web-Based Pictorial Decision Aid

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) Score Change

    The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) is used to measure personal perceptions of uncertainty in choosing options, factors contributing to uncertainty such as feeling uninformed, unclear about personal values, and unsupported in decision making, and perceived effectiveness of decision making. A change in DCS scores from baseline (pre-decision aid exposure) to post-decision aid exposure will be assessed to determine the impact of the decision aid on reducing decisional conflict. Scores range from 0 \[no decisional conflict\] to 100 \[extremely high decisional conflict\].

    Time frame: Baseline (within 1-2 weeks prior to using the decision aid) and follow-up (immediately after decision aid use, approximately 2-4 weeks later).

  2. Preparation for Decision Making (PrepDM) Scale Score Change

    The Preparation for Decision Making (PrepDM) scale assesses a patient's perception of how useful a health-related decision aid is in preparing them to make a health decision. It evaluates the perceived helpfulness of the decision aid in understanding treatment options, clarifying personal values for the decision, and feeling prepared to talk with their health provider about the decision. The change in PrepDM scores before and after decision aid exposure indicates the aid's efficacy in improving decision readiness. Higher scores indicate higher perceived level of preparation for decision making.

    Time frame: Baseline (within 1-2 weeks prior to using the decision aid) and follow-up (immediately after decision aid use, approximately 2-4 weeks later).

Secondary outcomes

  1. CollaboRATE Score Change Post-Surgical Consultation

    The CollaboRATE score is a brief patient-reported measure assessing the extent of shared decision-making experienced during medical encounters. It focuses on three core aspects: the explanation of health issues, the elicitation of patient preferences, and the integration of these preferences into the decision-making process. A comparison of CollaboRATE scores between control and intervention groups after the surgical consultation will indicate the decision aid's impact on enhancing shared decision making. Higher scores represent more shared decision making; scores can range from 0-100.

    Time frame: Within one week following the surgical consultation.

  2. System Usability Scale (SUS) Score

    The System Usability Scale (SUS) Score is a reliable tool for measuring the usability of the web-based decision aid. It consists of a 10-item questionnaire with five response options for respondents ranging from 'Strongly agree' to 'Strongly disagree'. It is widely used in the domain of user experience and measures the overall perceived usability of the decision aid. Higher scores represent a higher perceived system usability; scores can range from 0-100.

    Time frame: Immediately after using the decision aid (approximately 2-4 weeks from baseline)

Other outcomes

  1. Qualitative Feedback from Cognitive Interviews

    Qualitative feedback will be obtained through cognitive interviews with participants to refine the decision tool. This feedback will include participants' experiences using the tool, its clarity, relevance, and any suggestions for improvement. The interviews aim to capture in-depth insights into the decision aid's effectiveness and areas for enhancement.

    Time frame: Post-decision aid use, and post-surgical consultation (dates vary, approximately 2-6 weeks from baseline).

06

Study locations

2 sites
  • Dartmouth College
    Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
  • University of Utah
    Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: Yes — The study plans to share de-identified individual participant data (IPD) that underlie the results reported in publications, as well as the data dictionaries defining each field in the set. Sharing these datasets will enable secondary analyses by other researchers, promoting transparency and accelerating knowledge discovery in the field of gender affirming surgeries. The shared IPD will include demographic information, responses to surveys, and outcome measures such as the Decisional Conflict Scale, Preparation for Decision Making Scale, CollaboRATE measure, and other relevant data collected throughout the study.

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06565663
Lead sponsor
Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
Collaborators
University of Utah, Dartmouth College, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Responsible party
Rachel A. Moses (Assistant Professor, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center) — Principal investigator
First posted
Aug 22, 2024
Start date
Oct 23, 2024
Primary completion
Feb 2, 2028 (estimated)
Completion
Mar 6, 2028 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 18, 2026

Study contacts

Rachel A. Moses, MD, MPH
principal investigator · Dartmouth-Hitchcock Clinic

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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