ClinicalTrials.gg
CompletedNCT06419231Updated Jan 13, 2026

Effectiveness of a Butyrate Formulation and Butyrate + Polyphenol Formulation on Gut Health, Permeability and Associated Symptoms

An interventional study of Butyrate Formulation and Butyrate + Polyphenol Formulation in Gut Health, sponsored by Supplement Formulators, Inc.. Completed at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 21 Years to 70 Years, including healthy volunteers. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-01-13.

Sponsored by Supplement Formulators, Inc. · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment

From the registry’s dates

  • Registered 6 months after the study started (first participant enrolled Oct 2023, registered May 2024).
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
143
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
21 Years to 70 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

The purpose of this study is the assess the effectiveness and safety of a Butyrate formulation and a Butyrate + Polyphenol formulation on gut health, permeability and associated symptoms

Read the detailed description

This is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, remote design study to evaluate the effects of a Butyrate formulation and Butyrate + Polyphenol formulation on gut health, intestinal permeability and associated symptoms.

Participants will be asked to complete laboratory assessments and questionnaires. A total of up to 105 subjects (35 subjects per arm) will be enrolled in a randomly assigned sequence for the 28-day period. There will be scheduled remote video calls during the study.

The study subjects will complete assessment tools that include a Rating Scale for Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Quality of Life Questionnaire for Digestion, Visual Analogue Scale of Abdominal Pain, Stool Form Scale, Global Assessment of Improvement Scale-Gastrointestinal and the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). Laboratory testing will include an assessment of Gut Microbiome, analysis of Short Chain Fatty Acids, a panel for the Gut Barrier and Intestinal Permeability.

02

Conditions studied

  • Gut Health

Keywords

  • Gastrointestinal discomfort
  • Abdominal pain
  • Gas
  • Bloating
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Heartburn
  • Abdominal discomfort
03

In context

Abdominal Pain

387 studies on the registry are indexed under Abdominal Pain; 58 are open to participants now.

This study's enrollment of 143 is above the median of 70 across 290 interventional studies indexed under Abdominal Pain.

Browse Abdominal Pain studies →

Lead sponsor

Supplement Formulators, Inc. is the lead sponsor of 15 studies on the registry; none are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
21 Years to 70 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
Yes

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  1. Ambulatory, male or female, 21-70 years of age
  2. A of 18.5 -34.9
  3. . Experiences at least three conditions involving gastrointestinal health on a weekly basis
  4. Are comfortable fasting overnight
  5. Are able to complete study procedures for up to approximately 6 hours on 2 separate days
  6. Considered to be generally healthy on the basis of medical history
  7. Willing to follow study instructions, including compliance with the study procedures and requirements

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Unable to provide a urine specimen, stool specimen or blood sample from a finger stick
  2. Currently on a galactose/lactose restricted diet
  3. Having taken proton pump inhibitors within the past 3 months
  4. History of oral antibiotic use within the past 3 months
  5. Current or previous history of gastrointestinal disease, cancer, infection or surgery that may interfere with the outcome parameters
  6. A medical or surgical event requiring hospitalization, outpatient visits or emergency room visits within the past 5 years or in the judgment of the Study Investigator /Sub-I would preclude participation in the study
  7. Current or previous history of diabetes
  8. History of a major change in dietary habits with the past 1 month
  9. Known intolerance or allergy to sugar alcohols including mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, lactulose or lactose
  10. Women who are lactating, pregnant or planning pregnancy within the next two months
  11. Having donated blood or received a blood transfusion within 30 days before screening
  12. Currently participating in another clinical research study or participated in another clinical research study within 30 days prior to screening
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(1)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

BMI (body mass index)

Weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared. Example: 70 kg and 1.75 m gives 70 ÷ (1.75 × 1.75) ≈ 22.9.

What counts as overweight or obesity differs between countries (some use lower cut-offs), so go by the range the study states.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Enrollment
143 participants (actual)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    Butyrate Formulation

    Butyrate Formulation: Take daily in the morning with 8 oz. (240ml) of water

    Dietary Supplement: Butyrate Formulation

  • Active comparator
    Butyrate + Polyphenol Formulation

    Butyrate + Polyphenol Formulation: Take daily in the morning with 8 oz. (240ml) of water

    Dietary Supplement: Butyrate + Polyphenol Formulation

  • Placebo comparator
    Placebo

    Placebo: Take daily in the morning with 8 oz. (240ml) of water

    Dietary Supplement: Placebo

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementButyrate Formulation

    Butyrate Formulation capsule: Take daily

  • Dietary supplementButyrate + Polyphenol Formulation

    Butyrate + Polyphenol Formulation capsule: Take daily

  • Dietary supplementPlacebo

    Placebo: Take daily

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Assessment of Gut Microbiome

    Assessment of the median change in the results of the Gut Microbiome from baseline.

    Time frame: 28 days

  2. The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) version

    Assessment of the median change in the responses on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-IBS from baseline. This scale has questions about how you have been feeling and what it has been like in the past week. The responses to each question range from no discomfort at all to very severe discomfort which would indicate a worse outcome.

    Time frame: 28 days

Secondary outcomes

  1. Gut Barrier Panel

    Assessment of the median change in the results of the Panel for the Gut Barrier from baseline.

    Time frame: 28 days

  2. Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA)

    Assessment of the median change in the results of the Short Chain Fatty Acid Analysis from baseline.

    Time frame: 28 days

  3. Intestinal Permeability Test

    Assessment of the median change in the results of the Intestinal Permeability Test from baseline.

    Time frame: 28 days

  4. Digestion - Associated Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQLQ)

    Assessment of the median change in the responses on the Digestion- Associated Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQLQ) from baseline. The questionnaire has questions related to digestive events and experiences in the last seven days evaluated on a scale from never (0%) to always (100%). The lower score indicates an improved outcome.

    Time frame: 28 days

  5. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of abdominal pain

    Assessment of the median change in the responses on the Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire of abdominal pain from baseline. This scale indicates the response to the intensity of abdominal pain at the time evaluated on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (severe pain). The lower the value indicates an improved outcome.

    Time frame: 28 days

  6. Bristol Stool Form Scale (English for United States)

    Assessment of the median change in the stool form from baseline. This is related to asking the subject what their stool looked like each time they had a bowel movement for the day. There are 7 various stool types to choose ranging from Type 1 to Type 7. Types 3 or 4 are the preferred types.

    Time frame: 28 days

  7. Gastrointestinal- Global Assessment of Improvement Scale (Gastrointestinal-GAI)

    Assessment of the median change in the responses on the Gastrointestinal- Global Assessment of Improvement Scale from baseline. This scale indicates the status of the gastrointestinal symptoms over the past 7 days. The responses range from substantially worse to substantially improved which would indicate an improved outcome.

    Time frame: 28 days

  8. Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36 Health Survey)

    Assessment of the median change in the responses to the SF-36 Health Survey from baseline. This is a 36-item questionnaire that covers eight domains including physical functioning, bodily pain, role limitations due to physical health problems, role limitations due to personal or emotional problems, emotional well-being, social functioning, energy/fatigue and general health perceptions. The scores from each domain can range from 0 to 100. The higher the scores for each domain indicates a better outcome.

    Time frame: 28 days

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Life Extension Clinical Research, Inc.
    Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33304, United States
08

References and documents

Publications

  • Asbaghi O, Nazarian B, Reiner Z, Amirani E, Kolahdooz F, Chamani M, Asemi Z. The effects of grape seed extract on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins, inflammation, and body weight: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res. 2020 Feb;34(2):239-253. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6518. Epub 2019 Dec 26. PubMed 31880030 ↗
  • Banasiewicz T, Krokowicz L, Stojcev Z, Kaczmarek BF, Kaczmarek E, Maik J, Marciniak R, Krokowicz P, Walkowiak J, Drews M. Microencapsulated sodium butyrate reduces the frequency of abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Colorectal Dis. 2013 Feb;15(2):204-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2012.03152.x. PubMed 22738315 ↗
  • Brooker S, Martin S, Pearson A, Bagchi D, Earl J, Gothard L, Hall E, Porter L, Yarnold J. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase II trial of IH636 grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in patients with radiation-induced breast induration. Radiother Oncol. 2006 Apr;79(1):45-51. doi: 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.02.008. Epub 2006 Mar 20. PubMed 16546280 ↗
  • Canani RB, Costanzo MD, Leone L, Pedata M, Meli R, Calignano A. Potential beneficial effects of butyrate in intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2011 Mar 28;17(12):1519-28. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i12.1519. PubMed 21472114 ↗
  • Cleophas MCP, Ratter JM, Bekkering S, Quintin J, Schraa K, Stroes ES, Netea MG, Joosten LAB. Effects of oral butyrate supplementation on inflammatory potential of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy and obese males. Sci Rep. 2019 Jan 28;9(1):775. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37246-7. PubMed 30692581 ↗
  • Conley BA, Egorin MJ, Tait N, Rosen DM, Sausville EA, Dover G, Fram RJ, Van Echo DA. Phase I study of the orally administered butyrate prodrug, tributyrin, in patients with solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 1998 Mar;4(3):629-34. PubMed 9533530 ↗
  • Cory H, Passarelli S, Szeto J, Tamez M, Mattei J. The Role of Polyphenols in Human Health and Food Systems: A Mini-Review. Front Nutr. 2018 Sep 21;5:87. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00087. eCollection 2018. PubMed 30298133 ↗
  • Costa C, Tsatsakis A, Mamoulakis C, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, Caruso E, Tsoukalas D, Margina D, Dardiotis E, Kouretas D, Fenga C. Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on chronic diseases. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Dec;110:286-299. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.023. Epub 2017 Oct 14. PubMed 29042289 ↗
  • Dallal, G. (2021). www.Randomization.com. http://www.randomization.com
  • Drugs, O. o. N. (2005). Guidance for Industry Estimating the Maximum Safe Starting Dose in Initial Clinical Trials for Therapeutics in Adult Healthy Volunteers. Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Record Administration
  • Edelman MJ, Bauer K, Khanwani S, Tait N, Trepel J, Karp J, Nemieboka N, Chung EJ, Van Echo D. Clinical and pharmacologic study of tributyrin: an oral butyrate prodrug. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2003 May;51(5):439-44. doi: 10.1007/s00280-003-0580-5. Epub 2003 Mar 12. PubMed 12736763 ↗
  • Grosicki, G. (2021). Effects of 3-week Tributyrin Supplementation on the Gut Microbiome: A Pilot Study. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 121(9, Supplement), A23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.051
  • Hodges, J., Zeng, M., Cao, S., Pokala, A., Rezaei, S., Sasaki, G., Vodovotz, Y., & Bruno, R. (2022). Catechin-Rich Green Tea Extract Reduced Intestinal Inflammation and Fasting Glucose in Metabolic Syndrome and Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition, 6(Supplement_1), 981-981. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac068.010
  • Hodgkinson K, El Abbar F, Dobranowski P, Manoogian J, Butcher J, Figeys D, Mack D, Stintzi A. Butyrate's role in human health and the current progress towards its clinical application to treat gastrointestinal disease. Clin Nutr. 2023 Feb;42(2):61-75. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.024. Epub 2022 Nov 2. PubMed 36502573 ↗
  • Istas G, Wood E, Le Sayec M, Rawlings C, Yoon J, Dandavate V, Cera D, Rampelli S, Costabile A, Fromentin E, Rodriguez-Mateos A. Effects of aronia berry (poly)phenols on vascular function and gut microbiota: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in adult men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019 Aug 1;110(2):316-329. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz075. PubMed 31152545 ↗
  • Kapolou, A., Karantonis, H. C., Rigopoulos, N., & Koutelidakis, A. E. (2021). Association of Mean Daily Polyphenols Intake with Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Anthropometric Indices in Healthy Greek Adults: A Retrospective Study. Applied Sciences, 11(10), 4664. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4664
  • Le Sayec M, Xu Y, Laiola M, Gallego FA, Katsikioti D, Durbidge C, Kivisild U, Armes S, Lecomte M, Fanca-Berthon P, Fromentin E, Plaza Onate F, Cruickshank JK, Rodriguez-Mateos A. The effects of Aronia berry (poly)phenol supplementation on arterial function and the gut microbiome in middle aged men and women: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr. 2022 Nov;41(11):2549-2561. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.08.024. Epub 2022 Sep 6. PubMed 36228567 ↗
  • Ljotsson B, Jones M, Talley NJ, Kjellstrom L, Agreus L, Andreasson A. Discriminant and convergent validity of the GSRS-IBS symptom severity measure for irritable bowel syndrome: A population study. United European Gastroenterol J. 2020 Apr;8(3):284-292. doi: 10.1177/2050640619900577. Epub 2020 Jan 14. PubMed 32213021 ↗
  • Ma, G., & Chen, Y. (2020). Polyphenol supplementation benefits human health via gut microbiota: A systematic review via meta-analysis. Journal of Functional Foods, 66, 103829. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.103829
  • Park SY, Kim YD, Kim MS, Kim KT, Kim JY. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) water extract improves diarrhea symptoms by changing the gut environment: a randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2023 Feb 6;14(3):1520-1529. doi: 10.1039/d2fo01835g. PubMed 36655542 ↗
  • Pietrzak A, Banasiuk M, Szczepanik M, Borys-Iwanicka A, Pytrus T, Walkowiak J, Banaszkiewicz A. Sodium Butyrate Effectiveness in Children and Adolescents with Newly Diagnosed Inflammatory Bowel Diseases-Randomized Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Trial. Nutrients. 2022 Aug 11;14(16):3283. doi: 10.3390/nu14163283. PubMed 36014789 ↗
  • Recharla N, Geesala R, Shi XZ. Gut Microbial Metabolite Butyrate and Its Therapeutic Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Literature Review. Nutrients. 2023 May 11;15(10):2275. doi: 10.3390/nu15102275. PubMed 37242159 ↗
  • Rosner, B. (2006). Hypothesis Testing Two-Sample Inference. In Fundamentals of Biostatistics (6th ed., pp. 331-334). Duxbury Press.
  • Wang X, Qi Y, Zheng H. Dietary Polyphenol, Gut Microbiota, and Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Jun 20;11(6):1212. doi: 10.3390/antiox11061212. PubMed 35740109 ↗
  • Zhang H, Liu S, Li L, Liu S, Liu S, Mi J, Tian G. The impact of grape seed extract treatment on blood pressure changes: A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Aug;95(33):e4247. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004247. PubMed 27537554 ↗

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Timeline

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
ElapsedEstimatedEstimated, not yet reachedSimilar studies: half by the dot; the band is the middle halfHalf of similar studies reached it by the dot; the band is the middle half, from a quarter to three quarters

Ran from Oct 2023 to primary completion in Dec 2024, 13 months.

Of 101 interventional studies with no phase under Abdominal Pain, half reached primary completion within 13 months of starting (the median), counting those still running; a quarter within 5 and three quarters within 26. This study's 13 months is close to that.

How these figures are worked out, and which studies are left out of them.

Registered
May 13, 2024
First posted
May 17, 2024
StartActual
Oct 31, 2023
Primary completionActual
Dec 23, 2024
CompletionActual
Jun 18, 2025
Last update
Jan 13, 2026
What these dates mean
Start.
When the first participant enrolled; while estimated, when the study expects to open to recruitment.
Primary completion.
When the last participant was examined or treated to collect data for the study's main question, its primary outcome. A study that stopped early gives the date its data collection stopped.
Completion.
When the last participant's last visit took place, for every outcome, secondary ones and side effects included: the end of the study. Often later than primary completion, sometimes the same day.
Actual and Est.
Actual means the registry says the date has happened. Est. (estimated) is a date the sponsor plans or expects. It can still move, and the sponsor is expected to change it to actual once it has passed.
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Jan 13, 2026, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06419231
Lead sponsor
Supplement Formulators, Inc.
Collaborators
Compound Solutions Inc.
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
May 17, 2024
Start date
Oct 31, 2023
Primary completion
Dec 23, 2024
Completion
Jun 18, 2025
Last update
Jan 13, 2026

Study contacts

Andrew Swick, Ph.D
principal investigator · Life Extension

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is completed, as verified in Jan 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

Follow this study

Get an email when the registry record changes — status, dates, results — or when someone posts here.

Sign in to follow

Discussion

Questions and observations about this study, from anyone following it. Not medical advice, and not a channel to the study team — their contact details are on the registry record.

Sign in to join the discussion. Reading takes no account; posting does. You choose a display name, and a pseudonym is the default.

Nothing here yet. If you are running this trial, taking part in it, or weighing whether to, this is the place to say so.

Start the discussion