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Not yet recruitingNCT06303687Updated Sep 9, 2026

VR-PAT and fNIRS to Identify CNS Biomarkers of Pain

An interventional study of VR-PAT in Acute Pain, Pediatric ALL and Procedural Pain, sponsored by Nationwide Children's Hospital. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in United States. Open to participants aged 6 Years to 17 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2026-09-09.

Sponsored by Nationwide Children's Hospital · Not applicable, Interventional, and Diagnostic

Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
4
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
6 Years to 17 Years
Sex
All
01

Study summary

This study aims to use functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to identify and quantify pain biomarkers during burn dressing changes and pain relief induced by virtual reality (VR).

Read the detailed description

The objective of this study is to develop central nervous system (CNS) biomarkers of pain experience during inpatient pediatric (age 6-17 years) burn dressing changes and pain relief induced by virtual reality (VR). We plan to use innovative functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to identify and quantify the targeted CNS biomarkers. The ultimate goal of this project is to optimize the CNS biomarkers for predicting and/or monitoring response to VR-based pain reduction approaches for pain management in clinical trials.

We will collaborate through a team science model to recruit n=4 pediatric burn injury subjects to address the following three specific aims:

Aim 1: To quantify the central nervous system (CNS) responses associated with self-reported pain intensity during a standard clinical procedure (burn dressing changes).

Aim 2: To assess brain response patterns to virtual reality (VR)-based interventions for pain management.

Aim 3: To assess the degree to which objective brain measures and brain responses to VR intervention modulate objective brain markers of pain.

02

Conditions studied

  • Acute Pain
  • Pediatric ALL
  • Procedural Pain
  • Burns

Keywords

  • Virtual Reality
  • VR
  • fNIRS
  • Pain
  • Biomarker
  • Neuroimaging
03

Who can participate

Ages eligible
6 Years to 17 Years
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

  1. Being treated for acute burn injury
  2. Age 6-17 years, inclusive
  3. Admitted to NCH burn unit for treatment
  4. Have a dressing that requires daily changes over 3 days
  5. Patient and family caregivers can communicate (read and write) using English

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Any wounds that may interfere with study procedures
  2. Vision, hearing, or cognitive/motor impairments preventing valid administration of study measures
  3. History of motion sickness, seizure disorder, dizziness, or migraine headaches precipitated by visual auras
  4. Minors in foster care, prisoners, or currently pregnant
  5. Suspected child abuse
  6. Unable to communicate in English
04

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Diagnostic
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Crossover assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
4 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    VR-PAT

    Participant wears the Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye headset and actively plays the VR-PAT game while also wearing the fNIRS, during their clinically scheduled burn dressing change.

    Other: VR-PAT

  • No intervention
    Control

    Participant wears the fNIRS and can engage in standard distraction techniques, during their clinically scheduled burn dressing change.

Interventions

  • OtherVR-PAT

    Virtual Reality Pain Alleviation Therapy (VR-PAT) played on a Pico Neo 3 Pro Eye device

    Also known as: Virtual Reality

05

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. Change in brain activity

    Mean change of hemoglobin oxygen (HBO2) concentration between VR and Control as detected by fNIRS.

    Time frame: Assessed continuously throughout burn dressing changes (60 minutes) for the fNIRS study period (up to 5 days)

Secondary outcomes

  1. Procedural pain during burn dressing changes

    0-10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (self-reported and caregiver-reported), 0(min)-10(max), with higher score indicating worse pain. Asked for worst pain, average pain, and time spent thinking about pain. Collected in both VR and Control group.

    Time frame: Assessed within 15 minutes immediately after the burn dressing change about pain experienced during the procedure

  2. Change in procedural anxiety

    Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) (observed by researcher), 23.33(min)-100(max), with higher scores denoting higher levels of anxiety.

    Time frame: Assessed at 3 time points (30 minutes prior to procedure, immediately prior to procedure, and within 15 minutes immediately following the procedure) for each dressing change

  3. Self-reported VR experience

    0-10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (self-reported - VR-PAT arm only), 0(min)-10(max), with higher score meaning better outcome. Asked for degree of realism, pleasure, and satisfaction with VR.

    Time frame: Within 15 minutes immediately following burn dressing change when in VR-PAT group

06

Study locations

1 site
  • Nationwide Children's Hospital
    Columbus, Ohio 43205, United States
07

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No — No IPD will be shared

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

08

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06303687
Lead sponsor
Nationwide Children's Hospital
Responsible party
Henry Xiang (Professor of Medicine and Center Director, Nationwide Children's Hospital) — Principal investigator
First posted
Mar 12, 2024
Start date
Jul 2027 (estimated)
Primary completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2027 (estimated)
Last update
Sep 9, 2026

Study contacts

Henry Xiang, MD, MPH, PhD, MBA
Contact
Henry.Xiang@NationwideChildrens.org
614-355-5893
Henry Xiang, MD, MPH, PhD, MBA
principal investigator · Nationwide Children's Hospital

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

Not currently enrolling

This study is not yet recruiting, as verified in Sep 2026. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.

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