An interventional study of Relaxation Breathing Exercises Group and Usual Care Group in Hypertension, sponsored by Riphah International University. Completed at 1 site in Pakistan. Open to participants aged 25 Years to 45 Years. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2024-04-19.
Sponsored by Riphah International University · Not applicable, Interventional, and Treatment
The objective of this study will be to compare the effects of Relaxation Breathing Exercises on Cardiovascular Parameters among Hypertensive patients. This study will be a Randomized Clinical trial. Data will be collected from Allied and DHQ hospital Faisalabad. One group will receive Breathing Exercises and other group will receive usual care. All subjects will receive a total of three treatment sessions per week over the period of 12 weeks. Outcome will be measured at baseline, 6th and 12th week of treatment.
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and leading cause of premature death globally. Around the world, more than a billion adults suffer with hypertension, which can impact up to 45% of the adult population. All socioeconomic and economic classes experience significant rates of hypertension, and these rates increase with age, reaching up to 60% of people over the age of 60. The Lancet issued a global health survey report in 2010 that included patient data from 67 different countries and identified hypertension as the leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life years since 1990. HTN alone accounts for more cardiovascular disease-related deaths in the US than any other modifiable risk factor and is the second-leading preventable cause of death overall, after cigarette smoking. According to recent predictions, there may be up to 1.5 billion hypertensive patients worldwide by 2025, an increase of up to 15%.
Deep breathing exercises involve using a breathing pattern with less than 10 breaths per minute and a lengthy intake period. Benefits of slow, deep breathing exercises include a reduction in pain and stress levels, as well as the management of anxiety and panic. Exercise that involves deep, slow breathing can lower blood pressure, oxygen consumption, metabolism, heartbeat frequency, and frequency of breathing and heartbeat.
Exercises that involve deep breathing can improve vagal tone, stimulate stretch receptors, and lower sympathetic activity. Blood pressure and heart rate are consequently lowered. Shallow breathing increases baroreflex sensitivity and the Vulture-Breuer response, which reduces heart rate and blood pressure.
Diaphragmatic breathing exercises alone have no or little effect. So, the purpose of this study is to combine diaphragmatic breathing exercises with slow deep breathing, alternate nostril breathing and pursed lip breathing to gain its maximum effects and to reduce the stress that is main factor of hypertension
6,689 studies on the registry are indexed under Hypertension; 965 are open to participants now.
This study's enrollment of 40 is below the median of 90 across 4,995 interventional studies indexed under Hypertension.
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Exclusion Criteria:
This group preformed Relaxation Breathing Exercises that includes Slow Deep Breathing, Pursed lip Breathing, Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing and Alternate Nostril Breathing on alternative pattern for 10 minutes to 30 minutes. These exercises are performed daily with 6 breaths per min. The minimum duration was 3 min for one session.
Other: Relaxation Breathing Exercises Group
The control group received lifestyle modifications that are an important part of hypertension management and include weight reduction, following the DASH eating plan with sodium restrictions, daily physical activity, and moderate alcohol consumption. In addition, all patients should be advised to stop smoking to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Other: Usual Care Group
This group will preform Relaxation Breathing Exercises that includes Slow Deep Breathing, Pursed lip Breathing, Deep Diaphragmatic Breathing and Alternate Nostril Breathing
The control group received lifestyle modifications that are an important part of hypertension management
6-minute walk test (6MWT)
It is a standard method for measuring exercise capacity in patients with cardiopulmonary disease such as PAH. The 6MWT measures how far a patient can walk in 6 minutes. Walking is an activity performed every day by most patients except for those most severely limited. By assessing patients' ability to exercise, the 6MWT provides a global assessment of respiratory, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and cognitive function. The 6MWT does not differentiate what limits the patient nor does it assess maximal exercise capacity. Instead, the 6MWT allows the patient to exercise at a daily functional level and is a useful tool for assessing severity of disease, and increasing walk distance correlates with a subjective improvement in dyspnea
Time frame: Baseline; 6th Week; 12th Week
Blood Pressure Measurements (SBP & DBP)
An appropriately sized cuff for the arm circumference was installed on the non-dominant arm. Blood pressure was measured every 20 minutes by 24 hours, and awake and sleep periods were determined according to information provided by the patients, the following are 7 strategies recommended by the AHA/AMA for accurate attainment of BP: 1) no conversation, 2) empty bladder, 3) use correct cuff size, 4) place BP cuff on bare arm, 5) support arm at heart level, 6) keep legs uncrossed, and 7) support back and feet
Time frame: Baseline; 6th Week; 12th Week
Plan to share: No
This study is completed, as verified in Apr 2024. You cannot join it, but the record below documents what was studied.
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Riphah International University