ClinicalTrials.gg
Not yet recruitingNCT06129526SEASIDEUpdated Nov 15, 2023

Study of the Efficacy and Safety of EPA in Patients With Type-2 Diabetes

A Phase 4 interventional study of EPAVasc and Corn Oil in Diabetes Type 2, Hypertriglyceridemia and Diabetes Mellitus, sponsored by University of Ioannina. Not yet recruiting at 1 site in Greece. Open to participants aged 50 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2023-11-15.

Sponsored by University of Ioannina · Phase 4, Interventional, and Prevention

From the registry’s dates

  • Primary completion was expected by Sep 2024, 2 years 2 months ago, but the record still lists the study as not yet recruiting.
Phase
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
450
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
50 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

Investigation of the efficacy and safety of an Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplement versus a placebo supplement on plasma triglyceride levels as well as inflammatory, thrombotic, endothelial and platelet activation markers, in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2).

Read the detailed description

The conflicting results of previous clinical trials regarding the clinical efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids, such as the STRENGTH and REDUCE-IT studies, as well as the published comments for the placebo used in the REDUCE-IT study (mineral oil), highlight the need for additional studies (pharmacodynamic, clinical, and basic research studies). The SEASIDE (Study of the Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA, on Markers of Atherothrombosis in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes) is a phase 4 clinical study, aiming to investigate the efficacy of the dietary supplement EPAVasc, consisted of 1,875mg EPA / 125mg Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) / 3.75μg Vitamin D / 12mg tocopherol, in reducing the plasma levels of triglycerides, markers of inflammation, coagulation, and platelet as well as endothelial functionality, in high or very high cardiovascular risk DM-2 patients, as compared with the administration of a placebo dietary supplement (Corn Oil). The safety of administering the above EPA supplementation to these patients will be also investigated. This study is expected to significantly advance the existing knowledge regarding the efficacy of EPA in reducing important cardiovascular risk biomarkers in high or very high cardiovascular risk DM-2 patients.

02

Conditions studied

  • Diabetes Type 2
  • Hypertriglyceridemia
  • Diabetes Mellitus

Keywords

  • Atherothrombosis
  • Biomarkers
  • Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
  • Corn oil
  • Eicosapentaenoic acid
  • Endothelial cells
  • Inflammation
  • Omega-3
  • Platelets
  • Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs)
03

In context

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

10,371 studies on the registry are indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; 1,406 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 450 is above the median of 80 across 8,350 interventional studies indexed under Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.

Browse Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 studies →

Lead sponsor

University of Ioannina is the lead sponsor of 53 studies on the registry; 14 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
50 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion Criteria: The study will enroll DM-2 patients at high or very high cardiovascular risk, aged ≥ 50 years. Patients should have at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor (such as smoking, hypertension, HDL-cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL for Men, or ≤50mg/dL for Women, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)> 3mg/L, renal dysfunction ( 30-60 mL/min), Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) \<0.9 (without symptoms of intermittent claudication). In addition, patients enrolled in the study will exhibit triglyceride levels >135 mg/dL and \<500 mg/dL, despite adherence to the dietary recommendations given for their disease. These recommendations should be followed by all patients during the study. In addition to antidiabetic treatment, patients will receive statin or statin-ezetimibe combination therapy for at least 4 weeks prior to the first visit and should have LDL-cholesterol levels \<100mg/dL. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic treatment will remain unchanged during the study. All patients will sign a written prior to their inclusion in the study.

Exclusion Criteria

  1. Patients with a history (≤ 12 months) of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or ischemic stroke who are receiving antiplatelet therapy.
  2. Patients with peripheral arterial disease or carotid artery disease (>50% stenosis by DOPPLER ultrasound criteria) receiving antiplatelet therapy.
  3. Patients receiving monotherapy with any antiplatelet agent.
  4. Patients with atrial fibrillation receiving any anticoagulation, or patients with a history of cardioembolic ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke.
  5. Patients with severe heart failure, ( IV).
  6. Patients with laboratory or clinically diagnosed severe active liver disease or liver failure ( staging, score ≥ 5) or renal failure ( \< 30ml/min).
  7. Patients with cancer, receiving any anticancer treatment.
  8. Patients who are planned to undergo any surgical procedure.
  9. Exclusion criteria will also include a. levels >10.0%, b. history of acute or chronic pancreatitis, c. known to fish or shellfish or to the components of the study product or placebo.
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(7)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

Creatinine clearance (CrCl)

How quickly the kidneys clear creatinine, a waste product, from the blood. A study may estimate it from a blood test with age, weight and sex (often by the Cockcroft–Gault formula), or measure it using blood and urine collected over a set time. Given in mL/min; higher is better.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

NYHA class (heart failure)

The New York Heart Association’s four classes of how much heart failure limits physical activity.

I
No limits: ordinary activity causes no undue tiredness or breathlessness.
II
Slight limits: comfortable at rest, ordinary activity causes symptoms.
III
Marked limits: comfortable at rest, less than ordinary activity causes symptoms.
IV
Symptoms even at rest; any activity makes them worse.

Studies set their own limit — many outside heart failure leave out class III–IV, while heart failure studies may ask for a particular class. Check the class this study names.

Child-Pugh class

A score of how well the liver works in people with liver disease such as cirrhosis: class A is mild, B moderate and C severe.

GFR and eGFR (kidney filtering)

GFR (glomerular filtration rate) is how much blood the kidneys filter each minute. It is usually estimated from a blood test — eGFR, by formulas such as CKD-EPI or MDRD — and some studies ask for it to be measured directly instead. Usually given in mL/min/1.73 m².

Check the method, the units and the minimum the study states. A value of 90 or above is in the normal-or-high range, but kidney damage can show in other tests too.

HbA1c

A blood test of average blood sugar over the past two to three months, given as a percentage or in mmol/mol. 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) or more is the usual threshold for diabetes, normally confirmed by a second test.

Hypersensitivity

An allergy, or another reaction of the immune system, to a substance. “Hypersensitivity to the study drug” means a known allergic reaction to it — not every side effect a medicine can have.

05

Study design

Phase
Phase 4
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
Double (Participant, Care provider)
Enrollment
450 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Active comparator
    EPAVasc 2g

    Dietary Supplement: EPAVasc

  • Active comparator
    EPAVasc 2g x 2

    Dietary Supplement: EPAVasc

  • Placebo comparator
    Corn Oil

    Dietary Supplement: Corn Oil

Interventions

  • Dietary supplementEPAVasc

    EPAVasc: 1,875mg EPA / 125mg DHA / 3.75μg Vitamin D / 12mg tocopherol

  • Dietary supplementCorn Oil

    Corn Oil

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. The percentage (%) change in plasma levels of triglycerides and markers of inflammation, coagulation, endothelial cell and platelet activation.

    The primary composite efficacy endpoint is the percentage (%) change in each participant in plasma levels of triglycerides and markers of inflammation, coagulation, endothelial cell and platelet activation, comparing the placebo supplement and the investigating supplement.

    Time frame: 3 months

  2. Number of participants who suffer from bleeding events as defined by the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria during the entire follow-up period.

    The Primary safety endpoint is major bleeding according to BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) criteria.

    Time frame: 3 months

Secondary outcomes

  1. The percentage (%) change in plasma levels of triglycerides.

    The secondary efficacy endpoint is the (%) change in triglyceride levels of each participant.

    Time frame: 3 months

  2. The percentage (%) change in markers of inflammation.

    The secondary efficacy endpoint is the (%) change in markers of inflammation, specifically Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) (pg/ml) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) (pg/ml).

    Time frame: 3 months

  3. The percentage (%) change in markers of coagulation.

    The secondary efficacy endpoint is the (%) change in markers of coagulation specifically Tissue Factor (pg/ml) and Thrombin Time (sec).

    Time frame: 3 months

  4. The percentage (%) change in markers of endothelial cell activation.

    The secondary efficacy endpoint is the (%) change in markers of endothelial cell activation specifically Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) (pg/ml), Vascular Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) (ng/mL) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) (mIU/ml).

    Time frame: 3 months

  5. The percentage (%) change in markers of platelet activation.

    The secondary efficacy endpoint is the (%) change in markers of platelet activation specifically soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) (ng/ml), sCD40L (pg/ml) and Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) (pg/ml).

    Time frame: 3 months

  6. Number of participants who suffer from the secondary safety end points which are Atrial fibrillation, Palpitations, Arrhythmias, Heart failure, Pneumonia, Peripheral edema, Diarrhea.

    Secondary safety endpoints are Atrial fibrillation, Palpitations, Arrhythmias, Heart failure, Pneumonia, Peripheral edema, Diarrhea.

    Time frame: 3 months

07

Study locations

1 site
  • Atherothrombosis Research Centre / Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ioannina
    Ioannina, Epirus 45110, Greece
08

References and documents

Publications

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  • Innes JK, Calder PC. Marine Omega-3 (N-3) Fatty Acids for Cardiovascular Health: An Update for 2020. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 18;21(4):1362. doi: 10.3390/ijms21041362. PubMed 32085487 ↗
  • Cholewski M, Tomczykowa M, Tomczyk M. A Comprehensive Review of Chemistry, Sources and Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Nutrients. 2018 Nov 4;10(11):1662. doi: 10.3390/nu10111662. PubMed 30400360 ↗
  • Yagi S, Fukuda D, Aihara KI, Akaike M, Shimabukuro M, Sata M. n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Promising Nutrients for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2017 Oct 1;24(10):999-1010. doi: 10.5551/jat.RV17013. Epub 2017 Aug 24. PubMed 28835582 ↗
  • Maki KC, Johns C, Harris WS, Puder M, Freedman SD, Thorsteinsson T, Daak A, Rabinowicz AL, Sancilio FD. Bioequivalence Demonstration for Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Ester Formulations: Rationale for Modification of Current Guidance. Clin Ther. 2017 Mar;39(3):652-658. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.01.019. Epub 2017 Feb 8. PubMed 28189365 ↗
  • de Carvalho CCCR, Caramujo MJ. The Various Roles of Fatty Acids. Molecules. 2018 Oct 9;23(10):2583. doi: 10.3390/molecules23102583. PubMed 30304860 ↗
  • Sherratt SCR, Juliano RA, Mason RP. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has optimal chain length and degree of unsaturation to inhibit oxidation of small dense LDL and membrane cholesterol domains as compared to related fatty acids in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2020 Jul 1;1862(7):183254. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183254. Epub 2020 Mar 2. PubMed 32135144 ↗
  • Shibabaw T. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertriglyceridemia mechanisms in cardiovascular disease. Mol Cell Biochem. 2021 Feb;476(2):993-1003. doi: 10.1007/s11010-020-03965-7. Epub 2020 Nov 11. PubMed 33179122 ↗
  • Preston Mason R. New Insights into Mechanisms of Action for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Atherothrombotic Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2019 Jan 12;21(1):2. doi: 10.1007/s11883-019-0762-1. PubMed 30637567 ↗
  • Calder PC. Mechanisms of action of (n-3) fatty acids. J Nutr. 2012 Mar;142(3):592S-599S. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.155259. Epub 2012 Jan 25. PubMed 22279140 ↗
  • Kromhout D, Giltay EJ, Geleijnse JM; Alpha Omega Trial Group. n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2010 Nov 18;363(21):2015-26. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1003603. Epub 2010 Aug 28. PubMed 20929341 ↗
  • ASCEND Study Collaborative Group; Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, Stevens W, Buck G, Barton J, Murphy K, Aung T, Haynes R, Cox J, Murawska A, Young A, Lay M, Chen F, Sammons E, Waters E, Adler A, Bodansky J, Farmer A, McPherson R, Neil A, Simpson D, Peto R, Baigent C, Collins R, Parish S, Armitage J. Effects of n-3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Diabetes Mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 18;379(16):1540-1550. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1804989. Epub 2018 Aug 26. PubMed 30146932 ↗
  • Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee IM, Christen W, Bassuk SS, Mora S, Gibson H, Albert CM, Gordon D, Copeland T, D'Agostino D, Friedenberg G, Ridge C, Bubes V, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC, Buring JE; VITAL Research Group. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 3;380(1):23-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811403. Epub 2018 Nov 10. PubMed 30415637 ↗
  • Fialkow J. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Formulations in Cardiovascular Disease: Dietary Supplements are Not Substitutes for Prescription Products. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2016 Aug;16(4):229-239. doi: 10.1007/s40256-016-0170-7. PubMed 27138439 ↗
  • Nicholls SJ, Lincoff AM, Garcia M, Bash D, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Davidson MH, Kastelein JJP, Koenig W, McGuire DK, Mozaffarian D, Ridker PM, Ray KK, Katona BG, Himmelmann A, Loss LE, Rensfeldt M, Lundstrom T, Agrawal R, Menon V, Wolski K, Nissen SE. Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Dec 8;324(22):2268-2280. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.22258. PubMed 33190147 ↗
  • Budoff MJ, Bhatt DL, Kinninger A, Lakshmanan S, Muhlestein JB, Le VT, May HT, Shaikh K, Shekar C, Roy SK, Tayek J, Nelson JR. Effect of icosapent ethyl on progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with elevated triglycerides on statin therapy: final results of the EVAPORATE trial. Eur Heart J. 2020 Oct 21;41(40):3925-3932. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa652. PubMed 32860032 ↗
  • Watanabe T, Ando K, Daidoji H, Otaki Y, Sugawara S, Matsui M, Ikeno E, Hirono O, Miyawaki H, Yashiro Y, Nishiyama S, Arimoto T, Takahashi H, Shishido T, Miyashita T, Miyamoto T, Kubota I; CHERRY study investigators. A randomized controlled trial of eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with coronary heart disease on statins. J Cardiol. 2017 Dec;70(6):537-544. doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.07.007. Epub 2017 Aug 31. PubMed 28863874 ↗
  • Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, Jacobson TA, Ketchum SB, Doyle RT Jr, Juliano RA, Jiao L, Granowitz C, Tardif JC, Ballantyne CM; REDUCE-IT Investigators. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 3;380(1):11-22. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1812792. Epub 2018 Nov 10. PubMed 30415628 ↗
  • Tsoumani ME, Kalantzi KI, Dimitriou AA, Ntalas IV, Goudevenos IA, Tselepis AD. Antiplatelet efficacy of long-term treatment with clopidogrel besylate in patients with a history of acute coronary syndrome: comparison with clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate. Angiology. 2012 Oct;63(7):547-51. doi: 10.1177/0003319711427697. Epub 2011 Dec 5. PubMed 22144668 ↗
  • Ntalas IV, Kalantzi KI, Tsoumani ME, Vakalis JN, Vasilakopoulos V, Vardakis K, Vemmos KN, Voukelatou M, Giannakoulas G, Giatrakos I, Giogiakas V, Goumas G, Dimoulis N, Draganigos A, Efthimiadis I, Thoma M, Kazakos E, Kipouridis N, Konstantinou S, Bourdakis A, Nikolopoulos D, Peltekis L, Prokopakis N, Sinteles I, Stroumbis CS, Terzoudi K, Tsilias K, Xaraktsis I, Charmpas C, Hatziathanasiou G, Christogiannis Z, Panagiotakos DB, Goudevenos JA, Tselepis AD. Generic Clopidogrel Besylate in the Secondary Prevention of Atherothrombotic Events: A 6-month Follow-up of a Randomised Clinical Trial. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2015;13(6):809-18. doi: 10.2174/1570161113666150316220515. PubMed 25782408 ↗
  • Ntalas IV, Kalantzi KI, Tsoumani ME, Bourdakis A, Charmpas C, Christogiannis Z, Dimoulis N, Draganigos A, Efthimiadis I, Giannakoulas G, Giatrakos I, Giogiakas V, Goumas G, Hatziathanasiou G, Kazakos E, Kipouridis N, Konstantinou S, Milionis H, Nikolopoulos D, Peltekis L, Prokopakis N, Sinteles I, Stroumbis C, Terzoudi K, Thoma M, Tsilias K, Vakalis I, Vardakis K, Vasilakopoulos V, Vemmos K, Voukelatou M, Xaraktsis I, Panagiotakos DB, Goudevenos JA, Tselepis AD. Salts of Clopidogrel: Investigation to Ensure Clinical Equivalence: A 12-Month Randomized Clinical Trial. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Nov;21(6):516-525. doi: 10.1177/1074248416644343. Epub 2016 Apr 14. PubMed 27081185 ↗
  • Kalantzi K, Tentolouris N, Melidonis AJ, Papadaki S, Peroulis M, Amantos KA, Andreopoulos G, Bellos GI, Boutel D, Bristianou M, Chrisis D, Dimitsikoglou NA, Doupis J, Georgopoulou C, Gkintikas SA, Iraklianou S, Kanellas Kappa, Kotsa K, Koufakis T, Kouroglou M, Koutsovasilis AG, Lanaras L, Liouri E, Lixouriotis C, Lykoudi A, Mandalaki E, Papageorgiou E, Papanas N, Rigas S, Stamatelatou MI, Triantafyllidis I, Trikkalinou A, Tsouka AN, Zacharopoulou O, Zoupas C, Tsolakis I, Tselepis AD. Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Cilostazol to Clopidogrel-Treated Diabetic Patients With Symptomatic Lower Extremity Artery Disease in the Prevention of Ischemic Vascular Events. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021 Jan 5;10(1):e018184. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018184. Epub 2020 Dec 17. PubMed 33327737 ↗
  • Tsoumani ME, Kalantzi KI, Dimitriou AA, Ntalas IV, Goudevenos IA, Tselepis AD. Effect of clopidogrel besylate on platelet reactivity in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Comparison with clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2012 Feb;13(2):149-58. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2012.644536. Epub 2011 Dec 21. PubMed 22188544 ↗
  • Woodman RJ, Mori TA, Burke V, Puddey IB, Watts GF, Beilin LJ. Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids on glycemic control, blood pressure, and serum lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with treated hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):1007-15. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/76.5.1007. PubMed 12399272 ↗
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Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Nov 15, 2023, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06129526
Lead sponsor
University of Ioannina
Collaborators
LIBYTEC Pharmaceutical S.A.
Responsible party
Alexandros Tselepis (Emeritus Professor of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ioannina) — Principal investigator
First posted
Nov 13, 2023
Start date
Dec 2023 (estimated)
Primary completion
Sep 2024 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 2024 (estimated)
Last update
Nov 15, 2023

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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