ClinicalTrials.gg
RecruitingNCT06084117HiCAPUpdated Aug 21, 2025

High Flow Nasal Oxygen for Exacerbation COPD

An interventional study of HFNO and NIV in Acute Exacerbation of COPD, sponsored by Franciscus Gasthuis. Recruiting at 4 sites in Netherlands. Open to participants aged 40 Years and older. Per ClinicalTrials.gov, last updated 2025-08-21.

Sponsored by Franciscus Gasthuis · Not applicable, Interventional, and Other

From the registry’s dates

  • Started May 2024; still recruiting 2 years 5 months later.
Phase
Not applicable
Study type
Interventional
Enrollment
40
Allocation
Randomized
Ages
40 Years and older
Sex
All
01

Study summary

In this pilot study the feasibility of performing a larger trial to study the non-inferiority of High Flow Nasal Oxygen compared to non-invasive ventilation in patients with acute acidotic hypercapnic exacerbation of COPD wil be investigated

Read the detailed description

Rationale: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is frequently complicated by a worsening of symptoms, known as acute exacerbations (AECOPD). These exacerbations can result in a life-threatening condition with an impaired gas exchange, resulting in hypercapnia and as a result respiratory acidosis. The current standard of care of respiratory support for these patients is non-invasive ventilation (NIV), which has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, NIV is often unsuccessful, due to intolerance, agitation or patient-ventilation dyssynchrony. Furthermore, NIV is a resource-intensive therapy. High flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) is a non-invasive respiratory support mode that provides heated and humidified gas through soft nasal prongs. Several studies have shown that HFNO improves gas exchange and reduces work of breathing in non-hypercapnic respiratory failure. Furthermore, HFNO is thought to be better tolerated than NIV and the nursing effort may be lower compared to NIV. The hypothesis is that HFNO is non-inferior to NIV for patients with acidotic, hypercapnic AECOPD regarding the need for intubation and mortality, and that it increases patient comfort and reduces nursing effort.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of a larger study comparing HFNO with NIV as first line treatment in hypercapnic, acidotic AECOPD.

Study design: prospective, randomized, multi-center, unblinded, pilot study. Study population: Patients with acidotic, hypercapnic AECOPD Intervention (if applicable): HFNO versus NIV as first line treatment at presentation Main study parameters/endpoints: Feasibility: screening rate, inclusion rate, feasibility as qualified by staff and nurses.

Nature and extent of the burden and risks associated with participation, benefit and group relatedness: All participating patients will receive standard of care (i.e., admission to the monitored ward or ICU for intensive monitoring and regular blood withdrawals, steroids, bronchodilator inhalation therapy). There will be one extra questionnaire after 3 months, but no extra blood samples or site visits, compared to regular care for the participating patients. Permission of the patient will be obtained to register date of hospital discharge and outcome after ICU discharge and ask them to fill out questionnaires at 3 months after admission about their quality of life. Previous studies have not shown that HFNO is inferior to NIV with regards to outcomes (intubation rate, mortality), albeit that they were not powered to prove non-inferiority.

02

Conditions studied

  • Acute Exacerbation of COPD
03

In context

Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

5,520 studies on the registry are indexed under Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; 856 are open to participants now.

This study's planned enrollment of 40 is below the median of 62 across 3,839 interventional studies indexed under Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive.

Browse Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive studies →

Lead sponsor

Franciscus Gasthuis is the lead sponsor of 18 studies on the registry; 11 are open to participants now.

Counted across the registry records on this site, refreshed daily.

04

Who can participate

Ages eligible
40 Years and older
Sexes eligible
All
Accepts healthy volunteers
No

Go through the criteria one by one — yes, no or not sure — and take the list to your doctor or the study team. Kept in this browser only.

Inclusion criteria

  • Known
  • Acute hypercapnic exacerbation of this condition, defined as: PaCO2>45 mmHg or >6.0 kPa and pH 7.20-7.35
  • Age >40 years

Exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Asthma
  • Immediate need for intubation, based on clinical judgement of the attending physician.
  • Impossibility to apply either one of the two interventions
  • Patient not expected to give immediate or delayed (e.g. known cognitive impairment, dementia, active serious psychiatric disease, mental retardation).
  • Established home-NIV or home CPAP, known indication for home-NIV or CPAP (e.g. OSAS or obesitas hypoventilation syndrome).
  • Impeding death
  • Concurrent (respiratory) diseases that may influence treatment efficacy: acute heart infarction, cardiogenic lung edema, massive pulmonary embolism (intermediate-high risk or more). NB; pulmonary infections (viral and bacterial) are a common cause of exacerbation and are no reason for exclusion.
  • Other acute diseases that preclude participation in the trial such as hemodynamic instability (need for vasopressors), reduced consciousness with need for intubation, severe intoxication
  • Tracheostomized patients
  • Participation in other interventional trials
  • Impossibility to admit the patient to the participating ICU or monitored ward (e.g. medium care / high dependency unit, depending on local infrastructure).
  • Previous explicit (or written) objection to participation in research - bicarbonate \<20 mmol/L
Terms in these criteria, in plain language(2)

Underlined terms in the criteria open these too. Explained by clinicaltrials.gg, not part of the registry record. The study team decides who can take part.

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: long-term lung disease that makes it hard to breathe out, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Informed consent

Before you join, the study team explains what taking part involves — its purpose, what happens, the risks and possible benefits — and answers your questions, so you can decide freely. Consent is usually recorded on a form (the informed consent form, ICF) signed by you or, where the law allows, by someone legally authorised to decide for you.

You can keep asking questions during the study, you are told of new information that matters, and you can choose to leave at any time.

05

Study design

Phase
Not applicable
Primary purpose
Other
Allocation
Randomized
Intervention model
Parallel assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrollment
40 participants (estimated)

Study arms

  • Experimental
    High Flow Nasal Oxygen (HFNO)

    Patients will start at a flow of 50 L/min and a temperature of 37°C, FiO2¬ will start at 25%, and titrated to target SpO2 (88-92%, as in usual care).

    Other: HFNO

  • Active comparator
    Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV)

    Patients will be started at * Using the facemask interface: EPAP/PEEP set at 5-7 cmH2O and PS of 5-7 cmH2O (equal to IPAP of 10-14 cmH2O). * Using the helmet interface; EPAP/PEEP set at least 10 cmH2O and PS of 10 cmH2O (equal to IPAP of 20 cmH2O). * PEEP/EPAP and IPAP/PS can be titrated to effectiveness, tolerance and comfort * FiO2 should be set to achieve a SpO2 of 88-92%

    Other: NIV

Interventions

  • OtherHFNO

    Respiratory support with HFNO (as opposed to NIV, as per standard of care)

  • OtherNIV

    Respiratory support with Non-invasive ventilation, standard of care

06

What researchers measure

Primary outcomes

  1. feasilibity to perform a larger RCT inclusion rate

    Inclusion rate

    Time frame: 1 year

  2. feasibility to perform a larger RCT screening rate

    Screening rate

    Time frame: 1 year

  3. feasibility to perform a larger RCTperceived

    perceived feasibility as qualified by staff and nurses

    Time frame: 1 year

  4. feasibility to perform a larger RCT protocol deviations

    protocol deviations

    Time frame: 1 year

Secondary outcomes

  1. Treatment failure

    cross-over, invasive mechanical ventilation, death

    Time frame: 30 days

  2. duration of intervention

    time of respiratory support

    Time frame: 30 days

  3. need for sedation

    use of sedatives, and type of sedation

    Time frame: untill end of ICU admission

  4. heart rate

    beats per minute

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  5. respiratory rate

    breaths per minute

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  6. blood pressure

    systolic and diastolic pressure in mmHg

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  7. SpO2

    peripheral saturation by pulsoxymeter (in %)

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  8. blood gas

    with pH, PO2, PCO2, bicarbonate

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  9. dyspnea score

    Borg dyspnea score (0-10 on VAS)

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  10. Clinical Parameters

    heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, Spo2, arterial blood gas, dyspnea score, glasgow coma scale, RASS, seceretions

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  11. consciousness

    glasgow coma scale (EMV)

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  12. agitation and sedation level

    Richmond Agitation and Sedation scale (RASS)

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  13. secretions

    (as 0 (absent), 1 (low quantity), 2 (intermediate), 3 (abundant), or 4 (very abundant) little to normal/abundant)

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  14. HFNO ventilatory support parameters flow

    flow in L/min

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  15. HFNO ventilatory support parameters FiO2

    FiO2 in %

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  16. HFNO ventilatory support parameters temperature

    temperature in Celcius

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  17. NIV ventilatory support parameters PEEP

    PEEP in cmH2O

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  18. NIV ventilatory support parameters PS

    PS in cmH2O

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  19. NIV ventilatory support parameters: FiO2

    FiO2 in %

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  20. (dys)comfort score

    10 point VAS scale

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  21. HACOR score

    calculated from abovementioned parameters (pH, conciousness, PaO2/Fio2, respiratory rate)

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  22. facial pressure sores

    scored daily: yes or no, and if yes: grade 1-4

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  23. nursing effort

    respiratory support interventions per 2 hour by peat list

    Time frame: first 6 hours of study

  24. nursing effort VAS

    experienced nursing effort at a VAS scale from 1-10

    Time frame: at start, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and every 24 hours untill discharge

  25. 30d mortality

    mortality

    Time frame: 30 days

  26. 90d mortality

    mortality

    Time frame: 90 days

  27. 90d quality of life EQ5D

    EQ5D

    Time frame: 90 days

  28. 90d quality of life SF36

    SF-36

    Time frame: 90 days

  29. 90d anxiety and depression

    HADS

    Time frame: 90 days

  30. 90d PTDS

    IES-R

    Time frame: 90 days

  31. 90d PTSD

    IES-R

    Time frame: 90 days

  32. 90d dyspnea CCQ

    CCQ

    Time frame: 90 days

  33. 90d dyspnea MRC

    MRC

    Time frame: 90 days

  34. need for intubation and mechanical ventilation

    intubation

    Time frame: during ICU admission

  35. need for switch to other modality

    cross over to NIV from HFNO or from HFNO to NIV

    Time frame: during ICU admission

  36. reason of treatment failure

    reason of treatment failure: clinical deterioration, failure to improve, other.

    Time frame: during ICU admission

  37. expression of treatment failure

    worsening of pH, PaCO2, respiratory rate, consiousness, agitation/discomfort, other

    Time frame: during ICU admission

07

Study locations

1 of 4 sites recruiting
  • Reinier de Graaf
    Delft, Netherlands
    Not yet recruiting
    • Louise Urlings, MD, PhD · Contact
  • Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland
    Rotterdam, Netherlands
    Recruiting
    • Doiren Kiers, MD, PhD · Contact
  • Ikazia
    Rotterdam, Netherlands
    Not yet recruiting
    • Susanne Stads, MD, PhD · Contact
  • Haaglanden Medisch Centrum
    The Hague, Netherlands
    Not yet recruiting
    • Peter van Vliet, MD, PhD · Contact
08

References and documents

Individual participant data

Plan to share: No

No publications or documents are linked to this record.

09

Updates

Tracking since Sep 25, 2026
No changes since tracking began. The registry record was last updated on Aug 21, 2025, before this site started recording changes on Sep 25, 2026. Its history is on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗
10

Registry details

Key details

Study ID
NCT06084117
Lead sponsor
Franciscus Gasthuis
Collaborators
Reinier de Graaf Groep, Haga Medisch Centrum, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam
Responsible party
Sponsor
First posted
Oct 16, 2023
Start date
May 14, 2024
Primary completion
Sep 1, 2026 (estimated)
Completion
Dec 1, 2026 (estimated)
Last update
Aug 21, 2025

Study contacts

Dorien Kiers, MD, PhD
Contact
d.kiers@franciscus.nl
+3110 461 6161
Dorien Kiers, MD, PhD
principal investigator · Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland

Oversight

Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
View the source record on ClinicalTrials.gov ↗

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